高中英语定语从句详解

高中英语定语从句详解

定语从句主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词或上文提到的一件事（句子）。而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词或句子的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词（先行词）与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体。关系词与后面的句子合称定语从句。

1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a heart attack

三种意味着一个人患心脏病的迹象

在这个带有定语从句的短语中：signs是：被修饰的名词；

that是：关系词；

that indicate a person is suffering from a heart attack是定语从句

2）those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人

在这个带有定语从句的短语中：

those是：被修饰的代词；

who是：关系词;

who drink a lot是：定语从句。

3）Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?

你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？

通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出：

（1）定语从句在英语中放在被修饰的词后，翻译成汉语时置于被修饰的词之前，且有汉字“的”

（2）定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：

被修饰的名词/ 代词+ 关系词+ 句子(其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".) 要点提示：

1）先行词=关系词。所以先行词在从句中不在出现。先行词的意义以及它在从句中的语法功能（句子成分）决定关系词的选择。

定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。

1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。

who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中充当主语，也可充当宾语。但不能放在介词之后。介词后的宾语用whom

whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，用在从句中时，后要跟一个名词，与那个名词合起来相当于一个关系词，在从句中担当主语或宾语。Whose常表达"先行词的"之意

which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。

that 既用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，也用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能跟介词后作介词的宾语，介词后用

which。在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which 。

要点提示：虽然that即可指人，也可指代物，习惯上指代人时，常用who。

总结：（1）怎么判断定语从句（2）怎么选择关系词：当先行词指.....时

如：填空，翻译

1) I have no idea about the man wrote the article .

2) The little boy is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .

3 )I know the girl you talked to just now

4 )That was a fault could not be forgiven .

5)I've got a novel you may like to read .

6 )This is the book from I know the famous person.

7)Who is the girl you talked to just now?

8) This is the very book you are looked for yesterday.

9) The books which sell well are written by him.

10) The book which sells well is written by him.

11)The world we live in is made of matter.

12)The world in we live is made of matter.

要点提示：（1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。

避免重复，指人时，主句有who，从句用that

（2）That 和which 指代物时的区别

先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时，例如：

All that I have is money.

There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。

They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。-- 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时，例如：This is the most impressive TV that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。

That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。

We have to consider the first thing that we need to do.

我们必须要考虑我们需要做的第一件事。

-- 当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which

It is the second thing about which I become crazy.

(3)定语从句中，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。

特例：1 She is one of the students who have been abroad.

2 She is the only one of the students who has been abroad.

2)关系副词：

when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，在英文中用哪个具体的介词，得依具体汉语意思而定了

关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，关系副词在从句中作状语（不缺主语，宾语，表语）

when 代替表示时间的名词，在从句中充当状语

例如：

1)People will always remember the time Hongkong and Macao returned to our motherland .

2)We don't know the exact time the English Evening will be held .

3)I still remember the days we spent together.

where 代替表示地点的名词，在从句中充当状语。例如：

1)The place we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet. 2）He is living in a newly-built house there used to be a pond .

3）He has found the school his mother told him.

why 代替表示原因的名词，在从句中充当状语。例如：

1)He didn't tell her the reason he was so happy .

2)They explained the reason to us they had misunderstood us before .

3)The reason he explained is not so acceptable .

当名词时way时，关系词可以用that，in which或省略关系词

He can’t understand the way the teacher told him.

He can’t understand the way the teacher solve problem。

He can’t find a way really works.

关系副词=介词+关系代词，而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：

A）动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。

例如：

A）动词与介词的搭配

He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（qualify + 名词+ for "使…具有…资格" ）他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。

The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . （talk to + 名词"与某人谈话" ）你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。

B）名词与介词的搭配

They are still living in the little house in which (= )they've been living for 15 years . （in the house "在屋子里" ）

他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。

He went through a hard time during which (=) he lost many times.

C）形容词与介词的搭配

The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with "对…表示满意")

老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇。

I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.（eager for "渴望得到…" ）我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。

He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .

(familiar with 熟悉…)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。

D)他有三个儿子，三个都是医生。

定语从句的种类

在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：

限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。

They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.

他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。

非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；起补充、说明的作用。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。

The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。

We have one earth / offers us our home.

The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son 进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：

非限定性定语从句中，代指人时，用who或whom；代指人以外的名词时时，用which 。即：非限定性定语从句中不能用that充当关系词。此时，关系词一律充当主语，宾语或表语。例如：

The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .

太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。

The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。

He is thirteen,who comes from a middle school.

若在非限定性定语从句中作状语时，关系词的选择不变

Rabbits make their homes in fields ,_________ they can hide their young under bushes.

I will never forget the days, we spent together happily.

I will never forget the days, we worked together.

-- as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句（常用于such … as,as........as,,,,, 和the same … as 等句式中）

Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem .

你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。

People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays .

你描述的这种人现在很少见了。

This computer has the same functions as that one has .

这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。

as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。常翻译为“正如.......”）

As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。

They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.

可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。

Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。

Which常翻译为“这........,这件事..........”，且引导的从句常放在主句之后。

几个特殊的先行词：situation,stage,case,point, scene,position,他们在定语从句中充当先行词时，常用where引导从句，且在从句中作状语。如：

We often come across this case we need help.

1 Do you still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing?

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. where

2 I’m going to visit the school _________ my mother taught physics ten years ago.

A. where

B. that

C. which

D. what

3 A paper plant is __________ paper is made.

A. which

B. where

C. what

D. in which

4 They stayed with me for three weeks, __________ they drank all the wine I had.

A. which

B. which time

C. during which time

D. during which

5. ---- How do you like the cake?

---- It’s quite different from _________ I had last month.

A. that

B. which

C. the one

D. the one what

6. The Nile, ___________electricity is produced, no longer destroys villages and crops.

A. which

B. from which

C. from it

D. from that

7. In the 1950s, _________ blacks didn’t have equal rights, a lot of marches took place.

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. from which

8. Bob’s father, ____________, spent four years in Egypt.

A. that worked on the project

B. he worked on the project

C. who worked on the project

D. whom worked on the project

9. The retiring teacher made a speech _________ she thanked the class for the gift.

A. which

B. of which

C. in which

D. that

10. He has to work on Sundays, __________ he does not like.

A. and which

B. which

C. and when

D. when

11. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ___________ ha dn’t been cleaned for years.

A. these

B. those

C. that

D. of which

12 The boys, ___________ could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on.

A. the tall of whom

B. the tallest of whom

C. the tallest one

D. the tallest of them

13. Rabbits make their homes in fields, _________ hide their young under bushes or among tall grasses.

A. can where they

B. where they can

C. where can they

D. where can

14 Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced?

A. that

B. which

C. in which

D. in that

15. Who is that comrade _______ was there?

A. whom

B. that

C. which

D. whose

16. This is Mr Smith, __________ I think has something interesting to tell you.

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. whose

17. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, ________made me very happy.

A. what

B. that

C. who

D. which

仿真训练

1 She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, ___________ I found quite strange.

1）A. which B. that C. what D. when

2 China has hundreds of islands,_____________ the largest is Taiwan.

A. in which

B. at which

C. of which

D. from which

3 We came to a place ____________ they had never paid a visit before.

A. to where

B. to which

C. that

D. which

4 It was twelv e o’clock ______they finished the work.

A. Since

B. which

C. that

D. when

5 He often helps the students __________ he thinks are not quick at their studies.

A. whom

B. Who

C. when

D. because

6 Is there a restaurant around ____I have something to eat?

A. That

B. what

C. Which

D. where

7 In the open boat, the four men, _________ was a doctor, met with a storm on the sea.

A. one of which

B. one of who

C. one of whom

D. one of them

8. His glasses, ________ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.

A. which

B. from which

C. with which

D. without which

9. The book, the cover ________ is broken, is not mine.

A. of it

B. for

C. whose

D. of which

10. The high building ______ is a big hotel.

A. we are looking at it

B. we looking

C. at that we are looking

D. we are looking at

11. The baby _________is not hers.

A. of that she is taking good care

B. who she is taking good care

C. of who she is taking good care

D. whom she is taking good care of

12 The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that

far-away village.

A. Until

B. That

C. when

D. where

13 _______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

14 The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. it

15 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _______ he grew up as

a child.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. when

16 --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

--- Is that the reason_______ you had a few days off?

A. Why

B. When

C. What

D. that

1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ________family was poor.

A. of whom

B. whom

C. of whose

D. whose

2. All ________is needed is a supply of oil.

A. the thing

B. that

C. what

D. which

3. She heard a terrible noise, ________brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

4. Who is the man ________is standing over there?

A. Whom

B. Which

C. That

D. he

5. Who is the man ________you just talked to?

A. X

B. which

C. whoever

D. whose

6. Wang Hai is the student ________home caught fire last night.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. whose

7. Is this the pen ________you were writing?

A. with that

B. with which

C. to that

D. to which

8 Which sentence is wrong?

A. Do you know the man that is talking with Mr. Li?

B. He did all he could to help me.

C. This is the room that we often hold meetings in.

D. If a person who does not do his duty, he will not succeed.

9. ________, the Great Wall came into being in Qin Dynasty.

A. It’s clear

B. We all know

C. As we all know

D. It seemed

10. Her bag, ________she put all her books, has not been found.

A. where

B. in which

C. which

D. that

11. The solider ran to the building, ________flew a flag.

A. on the top of which

B. on the top of that

C. on the top of it

D. which

12. I still remember the day ________we got married.

A. that

B. which

C. in which

D. when

13. The factory ________his mother works is in the east of the city.

A. That

B. which

C. on which

D. where

14. The house________ windows open to the south is Zhang Shan’s.

A. Which

B. That

C. whose

D. its

15. He tried to find a hammer ________he could repair the desk.

A. through which

B. with which

C. by which

D. using which

16 Last night we watched the play “Lei Feng”, ________was very moving.

A. Who

B. whose

C. that

D. which

17. He came to the city, ________there is a famous tower called Yellow Carne Tower.

A. on which

B. in where

C. which

D. where

18. They talked for about an hour of things and persons ________they remembered in the school.

A. Which

B. That

C. who

D. whom

19. That is the only dictionary ________he often turns to for help.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. one

20. All the pencils ________she had bought at a chap price broke.

A. Which

B. That

C. what

D. those

21. Is oxygen the only gas ________helps fire burn?

A. that

B. X

C. which

D. it

22. — What about the photo?

—It’s much better than ________she took last week.

A. that

B. which

C. the one

D. one

23. He has dropped the necklace to the drawer ________the money is kept.

A. in where

B. in which

C. under which

D. which

24. It’s the fifth time ________late this term.

A. that you’ve arrived

B. that you arrived

C. when you’ve arrived

D. when you arrived

25. Each time ________she came to see me she would advise me to give up smoking.

A. as

B. during

C. while

D. X

26. It is the playground ________I picked up this jacket.

A. in which

B. that

C. from there

D. where

27. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Beijing, ________live my uncle and some relatives.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. in which

28. She must fail the exam, ________can be seen from her eyes.

A. that

B. as

C. who

D. what

29. The stadiums, ________were already full, were surrounded by a lot of football fans who had no tickets.

A. most of that

B. most of which

C. which most

D. that most

30. Mr. Frank, ________everybody loves, has gone to the UK.

A. whom

B. that

C. which

D. X

31. His glasses, ________he was like a blind man, were missing.

A. with which

B. with it

C. without which

D. without it

32. I, ________your husband, will stand by you.

A. who is

B. that is

C. who am

D. that am

33. Our teacher is a man of great experience, ________much can be learned.

A. who

B. how

C. from which

D. from whom

34. He makes good use of the time ________he can spare.

A. when

B. that

C. on which

D. who

35. Such people ________you refer to are rare nowadays.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. who

36. We’ll never forget the days________ we spent together last summer.

A. when

B. that

C. how

D. on which

37. The five storeyed building over there, ________was set up three years ago, is our teaching building.

A. it

B. that

C. where

D. which

38. It is the best film________ I’ve seen this year.

A. that

B. which

C. since

D. and

39. I often hear from my brother, ________works as a doctor.

A. that

B. who

C. he

D. whom

40. Last year I visited the house________ I used to live in my thirties.

A. which

B. that

C. in that

D. where

41. The old woman ________wasn’t her mother.

A. after whom she looked

B. who she looked after

C. after who she looked

D. whose she looked after

42. The day________ I was to start arrived at last.

A. that

B. which

C. on which

D. in that

43. The old man has two daughters, ________are nurses.

A. two of whom

B. both of whom

C. all of them

D. neither of them

44. Can you lend me ________dictionary ________was used yesterday?

A. such; which

B. same; as

C. such a; that

D. the same; as

45. The lab ________is on the second floor.

A. we did the experiment

B. we did the experiment in

C. where we did the experiment in

D. which we did the experiment

46. Is that the reason ________you don’t’ agree with me?

A. what

B. which

C. why

D. making

47. He joined the army in the year________ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.

A. when

B. which

C. in that

D. during which

48. Is this book ________you borrowed from the library?

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. the one

49. That is the car ________they got here.

A. by which

B. in which

C. on which

D. from which

50. There is something wrong with the TV set ________last month.

A. I bought

B. which I bought it

C. I bought it

D. what I bought

51. Can you tell me the man________ house you lived for years?

A. in his

B. whose

C. in whose

D. of which

52. The stories about the famous scientist, ________this is one example, are well written.

A. in which

B. about which

C. on which

D. of which

53. She ________has a good ear for music often takes part in concerts.

A. X

B. that

C. Who

D. which

54. Her hand was stuck out of the second story window, ________she could pick the apple on the tree.

A. There

B. from where

C. in which

D. from which

1—10. DDBBD CADBB 11—20. ADDCB BDBBB 21—30.

ACBAD DCBBA 31—40. CCDBA BDABD 41—50 .

BCBDB CADBA 51—60. CDCBD ACDBD

高中英语语法定语从句总结全

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