当前位置：文档库 › 英语助动词和情态动词及练习

英语助动词和情态动词及练习

一、概述

不同的时态（一般式、进形式、完成式、将来式），不同的语态（主动、被动），不同的语气（祈使、陈述、虚拟），不同的结构（肯定、否定、疑问），以及说话者本身的态度或命令、请求、愿望、可能等，所有这些都要借助于助动词和情态动词表达出来。助动词一般没有词意，不能单独作谓语动词，除非省略句中。他们只参加时态、语态、语气或否定、疑问结构。情态动词有词义，可以用来表示说话者的语气和态度。主要的助动词和情态动词如下表：

二、助动词

助动词一般没有词意，不能单独作谓语动词。其作用在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等。

1、助动词be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法

（1） be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。

Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴？

She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。

（2）be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。

He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。

You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。

（3）be 后跟不定式作谓语，有如下几种情况：

①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。

Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀？

I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。

②表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。

You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。

You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。

③表示义务、责任等，同should。

You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。

What is to be done?该干什么。

④表示可能性，与情态动词may, can同义。

Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。

Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。

⑤表示后来发生的事，可以用来表示命运或注定

They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了，没想到再也不能相见了。

He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。

⑥用于习语

Where am I to go? 我该向何处去？

What am I to do? 我该怎么办？

2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法

（1）助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时

He has been a doctor for 10 years.他当医生十年了。

This is the place I have been longing to visit.这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。

（2）和不定式构成谓语，表示客观上不得不做的事情。

We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我们己经误了火车，我们只能等下一列。

-Do we have to start work?我们得立刻工作吗？

-No. We don't have to.不，不必了。

3、do(does, did) 的用法

（1）构成疑问句或否定句

How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。

He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。

（2）加强语气。

He did tell that.他的确告诉了此事。

Do come and see us.一定来看我们。

（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。

-You like popular music, don't you?你喜欢流行音乐，是吧？

-Yes , I do.是的，我喜欢。

He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。

（4）用于倒装句中。

Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。

Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那时，我才了解到英语的重要性。（5）构成否定的祈使句。

Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。

Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。

4、shall(should)和will(would) 的用法

（1）shall(should)用于第一人称的将来时中，单纯表示来

I shall think it over.我要好好考虑一下。

When shall I see you again?我何时再见到你？

I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打电话告诉她我要去伦敦。

（2）will用于第二、第三人称的将来时态中，在现代英语中可以用于所有人称

He will be 30 next month. 他下月将是30岁。

You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。

He wanted to know when you would finish the writing.他想知道你何时完成写作。

三、情态动词

1、情态动词的特征

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能、应当、必要”等等，但本身意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。除ought, used, have后跟不定式外，其他情态动词一律跟动词原形。情态动词主要有：can/could, may/might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, have to等。

2、情态动词的变化形式

（1）没有人称和数的变化。

I can /we can/ you can he can/she can/they can/it can

Johnny, you mustn’t play with the knife, you may hurt yourself.约翰，你不能玩刀，那可能会伤着你。

A left luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.行李寄存处特别是在火车站短时间存放包的地方。

He ought to know her address.他该知道她的地址。

（2）大部分情态动词有过去式：

can-could may-might need-needed dare-dared shall-should will-would

– Is John coming by train?约翰坐火车来吗？

– He should, but he may not. He likes driving his car.应该是，他有可能不乘坐火车。他喜欢开车。

- Are you coming to Jeff's party?你来参加Jeff的聚会吗？

- I'm not sure. I might go to the concert instead. 我不敢肯定，我可能去参加音乐会。

（3）少部分情态动词没过去式或者说过去式与原形相同，used to 只有过去式形式。

must-must(had to) ought to -ought to

I used to go there.我(以前)常到那里去。

You must be tired after your long journey. 你走了这么远的路，一定很累。

（4）大多数情态动词后面还可跟动词的进行时、完成时和被动式形式：

can/may/must+ be doing/have done/be done

should/would/might+be doing/have done/be done

He must have earned a large sum of money.他一定是挣了一笔巨款。

You mustn’t always be talking so much.你不能总是说起来没完没了。

3、否定式和疑问式

情态动词的否定式和疑问式同助动词。否定式是在情态动词后加not；疑问式是将情态动词提前到主语的前面。

-Will you stay for lunch? 你留下来吃午饭好吗？

-Sorry, I can’t. My brother is coming to see me. 对不起，我不能（留下来吃午饭），我兄弟要来看我。

May I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗？

I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word. 你真急死我了。你不该一句话也不说就离开家。

注意：have to 的疑问和否定是借助于do来构成。

Do you have to go out today?今天你得出去吗？

He doesn’t have to go.他没必要去。

四、情态动词的基本用法

1、can和could

（1）表能力

①意为“能够会”，表示体力或脑力等方面的能力

Some of us can use the computer now , but we couldn't ten years ago.现在我们一些人能用计算机了，但十年前我们不能。

Can you ride a bike?你能骑自行车吗？

What can I do for you?我能为你做点什么？

I could run faster then. 我那时能跑得更快一些。

②当can和could表示能力时，有时可以用be able to替换，could表过去，can表现在，有时也可表

将来，但不能与will, shall等助动词连用；be able to可以用于将来、完成等时态。

She hasn't been able t o come to school for three days.她已经三天没能来上学了。

With his help, we shall be able to build the house.在他的帮助下，我们将能够建造房屋了。

③当我们要强调过去确实使用了某种能力时，要用was（were）able to，而不用could。was able to 表

示“设法干成某事”，即succeed in doing sth.或manage to do sth.而could只表示“具备某种能力”。

He is such a good swimmer that he was able to save the two boys from drowning the other day.

他是一位游泳健将，因此前些日子他救上了两名溺水男孩。

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 虽然大火蔓延很快，使旅馆烧起来，但大家还是逃了出来。

（2）表可能性

I thought the story could not be true我认为这个故事不可能是真的。

Anybody can make mistakes.人都会犯错误。

（3）表许可（常用于口语中）。

Can/Could I go now?我可以走了吗？

He said I could use the computer.他说我可以用计算机。

Father said we could go to the concert.父亲说我们可以去参加音乐会。

-Could I borrow your dictionary? 你把字典借给我可以吗？

-Yes, of course you can. 当然可以。

（4）表惊异怀疑、不相信等态度

①主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表惊异怀疑、不相信等态度。

Where can/could they be now?他们现在能在哪儿呢？

What can he mean?他会是什么意思？

②如果跟完成时，则表示对过去发生的事的怀疑和不肯定。could比can更加不肯定。

Can he have left already?他会是走了吗？

Could she have forgotten my address?她会把我的地址忘了？

It couldn't have been Xiao Wang. He has gone to the factory.那不可能是小王，他去了工厂。

-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. 车上本来已经有五人，但他们还是设法把我也带上.

-It couldn't have been a comfortable journey.那次旅行不可能舒服。

注意：当说话的人对一件事表示肯定的判断时用情态动词must，当说话的人对一件事持否定的态度，这种判断用情态动词can’t或couldn’t。

The man with glasses must be Tom's father. They look alike. 戴眼镜的那个人肯定是汤姆的父亲。他们看起来很像。

Jack can't be in the classroom. I saw him on the playground just a moment ago. 杰克不可能在教室里。我刚才看见他在操场上。

③“could+完成时”，有时表示“过去本能够完成的事而没完成”。

You could have done the work better.你本来能做得更好些。（事实并非如此）

You could have caught the early train.你本来能赶上早班火车。（事实上没有）

--I stayed at a hotel while in New York. 我在纽约住在一家旅馆。

--Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Barbara. 是吗？你本可与巴巴拉住在一起的。（5）表比较委婉客气地提出请求。这时could和can没有时间上的差别，只不过用could比用can显得更加委婉客气。

Can you change a pound note for me , please?请你兑换一英镑零票给我好吗？

Could you tell me the right time please?请你把准确的时间告诉我好吗？

2、may和might

（1）表示许可或征询对方许可。

You may go now.现在你可走了。

May I watch TV after supper?晚饭后我可以看电视吗？

He said that I might use the telephone.他说我可以用电话。

注意：征询许可时，might比may更恭敬有礼。may的否定形式为may not，但表示“不可以”、“阻止”等意思时常用must not(musn't)代替may not。

Might I have a word with you , please?我可以和你谈一谈吗？

-May I take the book out of the reading-room? 我可以将这本书带出阅览室吗？

-Yes , you may./No, you musn't./No, you may not./No, you'd better not.

是的，可以/不，不行。

（2）表可能性，有“或许、可能”之意

might与may可以换用，但might表示较多的怀疑、更加不肯定、语气更委婉。

He may/might be English.他可能是英国人。

They may/might have a lot of work to do.他们可能有许多工作要做。

Peter may come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. 皮特今晚可能和我一起来，但他还没定。

注意：may表可能一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用can/might,或者以be likely to结构出现。Can it be true?这可能是真的吗？

What can she be thinking of?她可能在想些什么？

Migh t I make a suggestion?我可以提个建议吗？

Is he likely to win the match?他有可能赢这场比赛吗？

（3）"may/might+完成时"，表示对过去事情的推测，might比may更含蓄，委婉，或更加不肯定。Sorry,I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 对不起，我可能是把闹钟关掉了又睡着了。

She may/might have gone to the library.她可能到图书馆去了。

She may/might have missed the plane.她也许没赶上飞机。

（4）"might+完成时"表示过去本可以干的事而没干。

You might have told me earlier!你本来可早点告诉我。（而没告诉，表责备）

（5）用于表目的或让步状语从句中。

She was studying English so that she might read English books.她正在学习英语，以便能阅读英文书籍。

He died in order that others might live. 他为了别人而牺牲了。

（6）表祝愿（不能用might）。

May all our dreams come true.愿我们梦想成真。

May that day come soon.愿这一天早日到来。

3、must和have to

（1）must表示“必须”，“应该”。否定式must not(mustn't)表示“不应该”，“不许可”，“不准”,“禁止”等。在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用need not(needn't)或don't have to 表示“不必”，而不用must not (mustn't)。

The work must be finished as soon as possible.这件工作必须尽快完成。

You mustn't speak like that.你不能那样说话。

—Must I be home before eight o'clock? 8点之前我必须回家吗？

—Yes, you mus t./No, you needn't./No, you don't have to. 是的，必须回家。/不，不必了。（2）must表推测，

①一般只用于肯定句中，译成汉语“一定”，“必定”。

There must be some mistakes.肯定有一些错误。

You must be very tired.你一定很累了。

②如果表示对过去事情的推测，就用"must+完成时"。

You must have left your umbrella in the theatre.你一定把雨伞丢在剧院里了。

His car is still here. He must have gon e by bus.他的车还在这里，他一定乘公共汽车走了。

③当must表推测之意时，其否定形式常用can not而不用must not。

He can't have been to your home. He doesn't know your address.他不可能到过你家，因为他不知道你的住址。

What can he be doing at this time of night?夜晚都到这个时候了，他究竟在干什么呢?

（3）must表必然性

You mus t catch cold if you don't put on more clothes.如果你不多穿些衣服，必然感冒。

All men must die.人固有一死。

Truth must be out.真相总会大白。

（4）have to表示“必须”，“不得不”，在这个意义上与must很接近，但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to 表示的却是客观需要。

I have to go now.我得走了。（客观需要）

I must go now.我必须走。（主观看法）

You have to work hard to make a living.为了谋生你就得努力工作。（客观需要）

You must do what I tell you.你必须按照我告诉你的去做。（主观要求）

（5）have to 有更多的时态形式：现在时，过去时，将来时等，而must只有现在时形式。

We had to be there at 8.我们得8点到那里。

I shall have to go to school tomorrow.明天我得去上学了。

（6）have to 不能代替表推测的must，但在虚拟条件句中用had had to+动词原形表示与过去相反的情况。You must be joking.你一定是在开玩笑。（不能用have to）

If I had had to do the work, I should have done it in a different way.如果我不得不做这项工作，我会以不同的方式去做。（不能用must）

If I had had to run the factory, I would have had it run by able men.如果我得管理那家工厂的话，我就会让能人来管。（不能用must）

4、ought to

（1）ought没有人称或时态的变化，后跟带to的不定式。常译作“应该”，“应当”等，和should同义，只是口气稍重一些。其否定式为ought not to (oughtn't to )，疑问式为Ought I /you to…?

You ought to start at once你应该立刻出发。

Such things ought not to be done.这种事不应该干。

-Ought he to go? 他应该走了？

-Yes, he ought to.是的，应该走了。

（2）表可能性

Mary ought to be home by now.玛丽这会儿该是到家了。

There is a fine sunset. It ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。

It ought to be a fine day tomorrow morning.明天旱晨大概是个好天气。

（3）表示没有履行过去的义务时，用“ought to +完成时。

You ought to have tol d me about this earlier.(But you didn't)你本来应该早一点把此事告诉我。（但没有）

I ought to have written that letter yesterday.(But I didn't)我本应该昨天写那封信。（但我没写）It ought to have been don e long ago.这事早该做完的。

5、used to

used to只有一种存在形式,一般过去式。具体用法如下：

（1）在肯定句中，表示现在己经不再发生，不复存在的过去的行为或存在的状态。

He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day.他过去每天抽20支烟。

There used to be a building there.那里曾经有座大楼。

（2）used to 通常只能跟不定式，但偶尔也能跟进行时，意思一样。

He used to be always making jokes.他过去总爱开玩笑。

（3）在疑问句、否定句或强调句中，可以有两种形式：

Used you to go to work by bike?

Did you use to go to work by bike?你过去常骑车上班吗？

He usedn't to smoke as much as he does now.

He didn't use to smoke as much as he does now. 他过去不像现在抽这么多烟。

I certainly used to play football, but it was a long time ago.

I certainly did use to play football, but it was a long time ago.我过去的确常踢足球，但那是很久以前的事了。

（4）在反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：

John used to be very fat, didn't he/usedn't he?约翰曾经很胖，是吗。

—Used you to live in Shanghai?—你过去曾住在上海？

—Yes, I did/ I used to.—是的。

（5）used to 与would的区别：

情态动词used to 和would都可以表示过去的习惯性动作，但有下列不同点：

①used to 表示确定的过去时间，不需与确定的过去时间连用，而would一般与时间状语连用。used to 含有与现在相比较的意思，而would没有。

He used to get up early.他过去常常早起。(现在不早起了)

The old man would go to the park every day to have morning exercises.那位老人以前每天都去公园晨练。（没有与现在相比较的意思）

②used to 指过去反复发生或持续发生的动作，而would仅指过去反复发生的动作，不指持续发生的动作；另外，used to 既表动作还表状态，而would只表动作不表状态，因此下列句中的used to 不能用would 代替。

People used to think that the earth was flat.人们过去认为地球是平的。

She used to be very nervous in the exam.她以前考试常常很紧张。

③used to 表客观事实，would则表示一种意愿。

When he lived by the sea, he used to suffer diseases.他住在海边时，经常有病。（used to 不能

换成would）

There used to be a small village here.这里曾经有一个小村庄。

6、dare

dare作情态动词表示“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句，无词形变化，单数第三人称不加-s。（1）通常用于否定句和疑问句，其用法同其他情态动词。

She daren't even look out.她甚至不敢向外看。

Dare you go to school by yourself?你敢独自一人去上学吗？

How dare you say I am unfair?你怎么敢说我不公平!

I dare not sleep in that room again.我再也不敢睡在那房间了。

（2）dare在下列情况下，也用于肯定句中。

①句子含有否定意义或疑问意义时。

I hardly dare think of it.我简直不敢想这事。

He asked me whether I dare swim across the river.他问我是否敢游过河。

I wonder how he dared say that to the teacher.我不知道他怎么敢那样和老师说话。

②在简略答语中。

—You daren't climb that tree, dare you?你不敢爬那棵树，对吗？

—Yes , I dare.不，我敢。

③状语从句中。

I won't allow you to swim across the river, even if you dare do it.即使你敢，我也不愿你游过河去。

（3）dare既表现在和将来，也表过去。

Alice was afraid and dare not go. 艾丽丝害怕，不敢去。

注意：从上下文看不出具体时间时，通常不用情态动词dare，而用实义动词的过去时。

She dared to go.她敢去。

She didn't dare(to)go.她不敢去。

7、need

（1）表示"必要;必须"，通常用于否定句和疑问句

Need he work so hard? 他需要这么用功吗？

You needn't worry about it. 你不必为此担忧。

I hardly need say how much we missed you. 不必说我们多么的想念你。

（2）在肯定句中，它被must或have to 取代。

—Need I come? —我需要来吗？

—Yes, you must/have to.—需要。

You needn't see him, but I must /have to.你不必去看他，但我必须去。

（3）“need+一般式”，通常表现在和未来，有时也可指过去。

She need not come. 她不必来。（现在或将来）

We were told that we needn't do that.我们被告知不必做那事。（过去）

Need she go yesterday?她需要昨天走吗？（过去）

如果从上下文看不出具体时间时，通常不用情态动词need表过去，而用实义动词need的过去时或had to 表示。

She didn't need to come.

She didn't have to come

She had not to come.她不必来。

（4）“need+完成时”表示过去不必做而实际做了的事。

You needn't have hurried.你本不必这么匆忙。

Peter needn't have done it yesterday.彼得昨天本不必做这件事。

8、shall

（1）用在疑问句中，用来征求对方意见或请求指示或向对方提出建议，用于第一、三人称。

—Shall I tell John about it? 咱们把这件事告诉John好吗？

—No, you needn't. I've told him already. 你不必了。我已经把这件事告诉他了。

Where shall I wait for you?我在哪里等你。

Shall we start the meeting now?我们现在开会好吗？

Shall those books be sent over to you at once?那些书立即给你送过来吗？

（2）用于第二、三人称，可表示说话者的一种决定、允许或威胁。

If you work hard, you shall have a holiday on Sunday.如果你努力工作，星期天就可以休假。（允许）

She shall do it, whether she wants or not.不管她愿意不愿意，她必须做这件事。（决定）

He shall suffer for this.He shall pay you what he owes you.他必将自食其果，他欠的债一定得还。

（威胁）

9、should

（1）表“劝告、建议”时，可译成“应该”，这时可用ought to替换。

You should keep your promise.你应该遵守诺言。

Young people should learn how to use computers. 年轻人应该学如何应用计算机。

（2）表示委婉陈述自己的意见。

I should think you are right.我想你是对的。

I should advise you not to go now.我劝你现在别走。

（3）表示惊异赞叹、忧虑、惋惜、欢欣、不满等情绪。

Why should you think so?你为何这样想呢？（不满）

It's strange that it should be so hot today.很奇怪，今天怎么这么热。（惊奇）

It's wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.这几年你们有了这样大的成绩，真了不起。（赞叹）

（4）表推测

意为“可能，该”，表示对现在情况、将来情况的推测。

They should be home by now.他们现在应当到家了。

The book you need should be in our library.你需要的那本书我们图书馆应该有。

It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment.现在快要七点了，杰克随时会到。

-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. 我什么时候能取照片？明天下午要用。

- They should be ready by 12:00.明天12点前应该能冲好。

（5）“should+完成时”，在肯定句中，表示应完成而实际未完成的事情；如果用在否定句中，则表示发生了不应当发生的事件。

I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I should have written it out for her.我和萨丽说了

怎样来这里，或许我应该给她写清楚。

You should have stopped at the red light.你见了红灯本应该停车。（未停）

You should not have gone back to work without the doctor's permission.你未经医生许可不应该回去工作的。（回去了）

10、will

（1）表意志、意愿、允诺，可用于多种人称。

I will tell you all about it.我愿告诉你一切。（意愿）

We'll help him if he asks us to.如果他让我们帮忙，我们一定会帮的。（表意志）

Come whenever you will.你随时都可以来。（允诺）

If he will come into the hall, the meeting will begin soon.请到大厅来，会议快要开始了。

If you will make another try, I shall do everything possible to help you.如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿意尽一切可能帮助你。

Say who will, nobody believes it.不管他说什么也没人相信。

（2）用于第二、第三人称的疑问句中，表询问或请求。

I'm going to the library.Will you go with me? 要去图书馆，你愿与我一起去吗？（询问）

Will you give him a message when you see him? 见到他时，请给他个信好吗？（请求）

（3）用于第二、三人称表推测。

That man with the book will be Mr. mith.拿书的那个人可能是史密斯先生。

You will remember the story I told you the other day.你大概还记得我那天给你们讲的故事。（4）有时表示一种习惯性动作，常用于第三人称。

Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水就不能活。

She will sit there for hours doing nothing.她往往会坐在那儿几小时，什么也不干。

11、would

（1）would是will的过去式，表示过去时间的意志、意愿、决心，用于各种人称。

They said they would help us.他们说他们愿意帮助我们。

I promised that I would do my best. 我承诺我决心尽最大努力。

（2）would表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will婉转，仍指现在时间。

Would you like some bananas?你喜欢吃香蕉吗？

I'd like to see your new bike.我希望看看你的新自行车。

Wouldn't it be better to leave tomorrow?明天离开是不是更好？

（3）表示过去习惯发生的动作(与used to有区别，见used to)。

When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. 他在那里时，他每天下班后都到拐角处那家咖啡店去。

The old worker would often go to the park to play chess.那位老工人过去常去公园下棋。

She would come to see me now and then.她时常来看我。

（4）表示推测。

That would be his father.那大概是他父亲。

You would be about 10 years old then.你那时大概10岁左右。

12、had better(best)+动词原形，would rather+ 动词原形+than +动词原形,would rather+虚拟式丛句

①had better(best)+动词原形意为“最好”，否定形式had better not,疑问句把had放在主句前。这个结构用于现在时或一般将来时，通常用于所有人称。

We'd better not invite him.我们最好不要邀请他。

You'd bette r stay at hospital for another few days.你最好在医院再住几天。

Better have the operation right now.你最好还是现在就动手术。

Had he better set off at once? 他马上动身好吗？

②would rather意为“宁愿，宁可”，后接动词原形，否定式为would rather not, 疑问句把would放在主语前。Would rather…than 意为“宁愿……而不”，than后面接动词原形（不带to），would rather 后面接从句时要用虚拟式。

Which would you rather do, go to cinema or stay at home? 你是去看电影还是待在家里？

He would rather die t han surrender. 他宁死不投降。

I w ould rather you hadn’t lent her the bike the other day.我宁愿你前些日子不借给他自行车。

I would rather he stayed at home.我宁愿他呆在家中。

五、“情态动词+be doing”的用法

1、推测或评论某动作是否正在进行

Our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.我们的老师想必在批改试卷。

He can't be working now.他不可能正在工作。

We may be playing tennis at nine tomorrow.明天九点我们可能在打网球。

2、表示“即将；将要”这类意思

I must be going now.我现在必须走了。

She may be leaving tomorrow.她可能明天离开。

3、用来表示“老是做某事”

If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must not always be smoking so much.如果你想要一个好的身体，就不该老是抽这么多烟。

Why should you always be finding fault with that girl?怎么老是找那个姑娘的岔子?

Sir, you oughtn’t to be sitting in the waiting room. It is for women and children only.先生，你不该总是坐在这个等候室，这里是妇女儿童专用。

六、“情态动词十have done”的用法

1、can have done的用法

can have done用于对过去动作的推测，表示“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句。

She can't have gone to work. It's Sunday.她不可能去上班，今天是星期日。

She is two hours late. What can have happened?她已经晚了两个小时，可能会发生什么事情呢? -Do you think our basketballers played very well yesterday? 你认为我们的篮球队员打得好吗？- They couldn’t have done better. 他们从来没有打这么好过。

2、must have done的用法

must have done用于对过去动作的推测，表示"可能一定……"，用于肯定的陈述句中。

I have not seen him for quite a long time. He must have been very busy.我很久没见他了，他一定很忙。

I didn't hear the phone, I must have been asleep. 我没听到电话，我肯定是睡着了。

3、may have done的用法

may have done用于对过去动作的推测，表示 "或许;可能"，多用于肯定句和否定句。

She is late. She may have missed the bus.她迟到了，她可能没赶上车。

He may not have read the book.他也许没有看过那本书。

He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.即使他很忙，他可能会给你很多帮助。

4、ought to/should have done的用法

ought to/should have done的肯定形式表示"过去应该做的事而没有做"，其否定形式表示 "过去不该做的事却做了"，含有批评的意思。

Jenny should have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. 詹妮应该信守诺言。我不知道她为什么改变了主意。

You ought to have paid more attention to your lessons.你本应该多注意自己的功课的。

She ought not to have kept us waiting so long.她不应该让我们等那么长时间。

I shouldn't have ordered the equipment without asking you first.我不该预先不请示你就订购了设备。

I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word.我们是在为你着急，你不该一声不吭就离家。

We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead. 我们昨晚该学习来，而我们去了音乐会。

Tom ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.汤姆不应该告诉我你的秘密，但他没恶意。

5、need have done的用法

need have done一般多用于否定句或疑问句中，表示“本来不必做的事却做了”。

You needn't have told that to him.你本来没有必要把那事告诉他。(实际却告诉了) You needn’t have hurried.你本来不必这么匆忙。(却忙了一阵子)

There was plenty of time. She needn’t have hurried. 还有时间，她没必要如此匆忙。

6、could have done的用法

could have done表示对过去动作的推测，作用和can have done相同，但表达的可能性较小或说话人更加不肯定。

John could have overslept again.约翰可能又睡过头了。

could have done有时表示“过去本来能做的事而实际上却没有做”。

You could have come here a little earlier.你本来可以早一点到这里来的。

7、might have done的用法

might have done表示程度上比may更小的可能性。

He might have arrived home by now. Let's ring him up again.现在他可能已经到家了，我们再给他打一次电话吧。

might have done有时表示“本来可以做的事而实际上没有做”，含有“劝告，责备”的语气。

1、要注意一些同义、近义词的区别

（1）表示可能性的can't与may not的区别。

can't常常表示“不可能”、“一定不”，may not表示“可能不、或许不”。很明显，can’t比may not 语气强，把握性大。

The man standing over there ____be Jack. He's gone to Hong Kong.

A.mustn't

B.can't

C.won't

D.may not

说话者既然知道“He’s gone to Hong Kong”，那么对“The man不是Jack”一定满有把握，故正确选项为B。

（2)表示“能够”意义的can与be able to的区别。

凡表示“经过努力、设法做成某事”时不用can，须用be able to。

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone______get out.

A.had to

B.would

C.could

D.was able to

句意为:大火弥漫整个旅馆，但人们还是设法逃了出来。故正确选项为D。

（3)表示“不能”意义的can’t与mustn’t的区别。

can't表示“不能”，是指无能力;mustn’t表示“不能”则指的是“禁止，不允许”。在口语里，can’t也可表示“禁止，不允许”，但语气不如mustn’t强。

他年纪小，不能上学。

[正]He is so young that he can't go to school.

[误]He is so young that he mustn't go to school.

里边正在开会，不能吵闹。

[正]There's a meeting inside. You mustn't make any noise.

[误]There is a meeting inside. You can't make any noise.

2、要注意几个“不能用”

（1）表示推测时，can 不能用在肯定句中(但could能 )；may和might不能用在疑问句中。

Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.(MET93)

A. must

B. may .

C. can

D. will

句意为:Peter有可能同我们一块儿来，但还不肯定。正确选项为B。

______it be a sunny day tomorrow?

A.Can

B.May

C.Shall

D.Should

句意为:明天可能是睛天吗?正确选项是A。

（2)作为情态动词，need和dare不能用在肯定句中(条件状语从句除外)。肯定句中，须把它们用作实义动词，后接带to的不定式。如:

[误] We need hold a meeting to discuss the matter.

[正] If you need to hold a meeting to discuss the matter, I'll give you a help.

[正] If you need hold a meeting to discuss the matter, I'll give you a help.

（3)在回答由could和 might引起的表示请求的一般疑问句时，不能用could和 might(应分别用can和may)回答。

----Could I borrow your dictionary?

----Yes, of course you ______ . (MET92)

A.might

B.will

C.can

D.could

正确选项为C。

3、要注意一些“形意不一致”的现象

（1)过去式could或might后接动词原形可以表示对现在或将来(不是对过去)的推测。

I'm afraid it ______ snow tonight.

A.can

B.should

C.might

D.must

句意为:恐怕今晚会下雪。正确选项为C。

（2)may(not)和can't后接动词的完成式，表示对过去(不是对现在或将来)的推测。如: ----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.

----It _______ a comfortable journey.(NMET95)

A.can't have been

B.couldn't be

C.mustn't have been

D.shouldn't be

句意为：“车里已坐了五个人，但他们还是把我也接走了。”“途中一定不舒服吧。”说的是过去的事情，故正确选项为A。

4、带情态动词的一般疑问句答语中情态动词的不一致

（1）在回答must开头的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。

（2）答need开头的一般疑问句时，其肯定回答用must。

（3)can(could)表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，could表示的语气较委婉，但肯定回答对方时，语气较肯定，所以应用can表示诚意。

（4）用“Shall I…?”征询对方意见时，其否定回答用needn’t表示委婉，用can’t则表示反对，用mustn’t表示禁止，不允许。

（5）在回答may开头的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustn’t。

--Must we do it now?

--No,you needn’t.(高考79)

--Need I hand in the exercises before noon?

--Yes,you must.

--Could I borrow your dictionary?

--Yes,of course you can.(MET92)

--Shall I tell John about it?

--No,you needn’t.I’ve told him already.(MET94)

--May I stop here?

--No,you mustn’t.

5、要注意几个常用形式的不常用意思

（l)should和 ought to后接动词原形，常表示“应该”;但也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会”。

It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack______be here at any moment. (NMET95)

A.must

B.need

C.should

D.can

句意为:“快七点钟了，想必杰克随时会到的。”正确选项为C。

----When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

----They______be ready by 12: 00.(NMET98)

A.can

B.should

C.might

D.need

句意为:“我什么时候来取像片呢？我可是明天下午需要这些像片。”“像片想必会在 (明日中午)十二点以前洗出的。”正确选项为B。情态动词表示推测，语气由强到弱的是:must(一定会)→ought to/should(想必会)→can/could(可能)→may/might(也许，或许)。

（2)could后接完成式常表示“(过去)可能”，但也可用来表示责备语气，意为“(过去)本来能够(而实际上却未)”。如:

----We could have walked to the station; it was so near.

----Yes. A taxi ______ at all necessary. (NMET92)

A. wasn't

B. hadn't been

C. wouldn't be

D. won't be

该题虽是一道考查动词时态的考题，但从“We could have walked to the station”可知，实际不是步行去火车站的。结合下句可知是坐了出租车去的，时间是过去，故正确答案是A。

八、点击考点

1.I thought you ______ like something to read, so I have bought you some books.

A.may

B.might

C.could

D.must

2.You _______ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.needn't

D.may not

3.Where is my pen I ______ it.

A.might lose

B.would have lost

C.should have lost

D.must have lost

4.I didn't hear the phone. I_______asleep.

A.must be

B.must have been

C.should be

D.should have been

5.He______you more help. Even though he was very busy.

A.might have given

B.might give

C.may have given

D.may give

6.A computer______think for itself; it must be told what to do.

A.can't

B.couldn't

C.may not

D.might not

7.Jenny______have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.

A.must

B.should

C.need

D.would

8.----Could I borrow your dictionary

----Yes, of course you_______.

A.might

B.will

C.can

D.should

9.We_______last night, but we went to the concert instead.

A.must have studied

B.might study

C.should have studied

D.would study

10.Applicants(申请者)_______have finished the middle school.

A.must

B.can

C.may

D.will

11.----Shall I tell John about it

----No, you _______. I've told him already.

A.needn't

B.wouldn't

C.mustn't

D.shouldn't

12.There was plenty of time. She_______.

A.mustn't have hurried

B.couldn't have hurried

C.must not hurry

D.needn't have hurried.

13.The plant is dead. I_______it more water.

A.will give

B.would have given

C.must

D.should have given

14.I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I________it at home. Then

I remembered_______it out to pay for the taxi.

A.must have left, to take

B.may leave, taking

C.might leave. To take

D.could have left, taking

15.----That must be a mistake.

----No, it______a mistake

A.must not be

B.cannot be

C.needn't be

D.wouldn't be

16.Man_______die without air or water.

A.will

B.have to

C.must

D.should

17.My five-year-old boy left home three days ago. An idea that something______to him has been

worrying me a lot.

A.can have happened

B.should have happened

C.must happen

D.must have happened

18.----You missed a good chance.

----Yes. I______that job when it______.

A.should have taken, was offered

B.should take, offered

C.hadn't taken, was offered

D.might have taken, was offering

19.----Must I take a bus to your home

----No, you_______. It's just about 5 minutes’ walk from here.

A.must not

B.don't have to

C.shouldn't

D.don't need

20.The big fire last night_______the whole building. But the heavy rain helped it.

A.might be burning down

B.could have burned down

C.should have been burned down

D.must have been burned down

21.The woman in the office_______the fact.

A.dare not to say

B.didn't dare saying

C.dare not saying

D.did not dare to say

22.He was a good runner so he_______swim across the river.

A.might

B.could

C.would

D.was able to

23.Oh dear! What on earth_______this mean?

A.could

B.can

C.may

D.might

24._______it be Li Ming who took away the dictionary?

A.Could

B.Can

C.May

D.Might

25.Someone_______here just now, for the door is open and there is nobody in it now.

A.may be

B.can be

C.must have been

D.must be

26.----I can't find Wei Feng anywhere.

----She_______her homework upstairs.

A.must do

B.must be doing

C.must have done

D.must have been done

27._______we set off now I don't know if you are ready.

A.Shall

B.Will

C.Would

D.Ought

28._______he open the door Yes, please.

A.Does

B.Will

C.Shall

D.Would

29.Close the door after you ,_______?

A.don't you

B.do you

C.shall you

D.will you

30.Let's clean our classroom,____

A.will you

B.don't we

C.shall we

D.do you

31.Let us play basketball,_______?

A.will you

B.don't we

C.shall we

D.do you

32.-Will you please go to New York with me.

-No, I_______.

A.wouldn't

B.shall not

C.won't

D.shouldn't

33._______it be Xiao Wang who did it

A.Will

B.Can

C.Must

D.May

34.-How do you like my new car?

-I like it, but would you please_______park it here

A.not

B.don't

C.not to

D.doesn't

35.----Will your brother stay here tonight?

----I'm not sure. He____shopping tonight.

A.must go

B.can go

C.may go

D.may going

36._Must we finish the composition in class.

- No, you_______.

A.needn't

B.mustn't

C.won't

D.shouldn't

37.Neither of them_______the snake.

A.dares catches

B.dare to catch

C.dare catching

D.dare catch

38.Jenny_______her father about her failure in the exam.

A.dares not tell

B.dare not to tell

C.dare telling

D.dared not tell

39._______hand in his exercise-book before Monday

A.Need he to

B.Does he need

C.Needs he to

D.Need he

40.Your coat needs to be washed, _______it

A.mustn't

B.needn't

C.doesn't

D.can't

41.-Would you mind telling me how much it was?

-_______,it was 20 dollars.

A.Yes, I would

B.Yes, I should

C.Not at all

D.Yes, I do

42.John's score on the test is the highest in the class.________.

A.He should study last night

B.He should have studied last night

C.He must have studied last night

D.He must study last night

43.This_______be a woman's handkerchief. It must be a man's.

A.may not

B.can not

C.shall not

D.must not

44.He must be from the north,_________?

A.mustn't he

B.needn't he

C.isn't he

D.may not he

45.You must have seen the film last night, ____you

A.mustn't

B.needn't

C.didn't

D.haven't

46.----Would you like to go dancing with me tonight?

----________.

A.I'd love so

B.I'll like to

C.I would like that

D.I'd love to

47._______you succeed in passing the college entrance examination!

A.May

B.Can

C.Must

D.Will

48.Night has fallen, We have to stay here for the night,________?

A.don't we

B.haven't we

C.mustn't we

D.shouldn't we

49.----Why didn't you answer the phone last night?

----I_______when you called.

A.had to have slept

B.have to be slept

C.must have been sleeping

D.must have slept

50.----What do you think of the food here

----Oh wonderful!We________a better place.

A.won't find

B.must have found

C.can't find

D.couldn't have found

答案:1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.D 18.A 19.B

20.B 21.D 22.D 23.B 24.B 25.C 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.D 30.C 31.A 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.C 36.A 37.D

38.D 39.D 40.C 41.C 42.C 43.B 44.C 45.C 46.D47.A 48.A 49.C 50.C

英语语法-助动词和情态动词用法及习题

目录 1助动词和情态动词的定义 (2) 2 can，may，must (3) 3 Will you～？和Shall I（we）～？ (10) 4 would和should (14) 5 have to (16) 练习题 (17) 答案 (18)

1助动词和情态动词的定义在英语中，助动词一般没有词义，主要帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。对于助动词，同学们一般了解即可。情态动词与助动词不同，它有词义，但它也和助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语，另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词后必须跟动词原形。（×）She cans swim well. （×）She can swims well. （○）She can swim well. （○）She swims well. 即使主语是第三人称单数（例如she）can也不能加“s”。句子中有情态动词can时，即使主语是第三人称单数，也不能在一般动词（例如swim）上加“s”。 1 助动词的种类 1.be（am，are，is，was，were，been，being）它与现在分词结合，可以构成进行时态（参见第九章），与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态（参见第十三章）。 I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。 The book was written by me. 这本书是我写的。 2. have（has，had，having）它与过去分词结合，构成完成时态（参见第十一章）。 I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。 3.shall（should），will（would）

情态动词大学英语语法精解

大学英语语法精解——情态动词首先让我们分析以下近几年情态动词的考题： 1) This box is too heavy, _________give me a hand?(1998.1) A .would you mind B. would you please C. will you like to D. will you please to 2) Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night , no matter what we ____ during the day.(1999.1) A. should have done B. would have done C. may have done D. must have done 3)It was very kind of you to do the washing-up,but you____ it.(1998.6) A. mustn't have done B. wouldn't have done C. mightn't have done D. didn't have to do 4) If you don't like to swim, you ___ stay at home.(1995.1) A. should as well B. may as well C. can as well D. would as well 5) You ____ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.(2000.6) A. shouldn't follow B. mustn't follow C. couldn't have been following D. shouldn't have been following 6) You ___her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.(1996.1) A. needn't have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can't have seen 7) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ cleaned.(1996.6) A. can't have been B. shouldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. wouldn't have been 参考答案 1) B 2) C 3) D 4) B 5) D 6) C 7) A 2．情态动词的测试要点从以上例题可以看出，四级语法对情态动词的测试大体有以下几点。 1）情态动词的基本用法，如①④⑤。 2）情态动词+ 动词的完成形式的用法，如③⑥。 3）情态动词的推测性用法,如⑦。

助动词和情态动词

助动词和情态动词 1. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. ---Ah, good morning. You______ be Mrs. Peters. （10北京） A. might B. must C. would D. can 2. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? （10江西） A. Must B Can C May D Will 3. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man （10安徽） A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. （10山东） A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 5. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. （10辽宁） A．can B．will C．must D．may 6．Wine ____ do good to people’s health if drunk properly. A. can B. should C. must D. might 7. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 8. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t attend C. mustn’t have attended D. can’t attend 9. ---Has Mr. Tom White arrived? ---Yes, already. ____ he wait outside or just come in? A. Shall B. May C. Could D. Must 10. Walking in space ____ sound easy, yet great care and skills are needed. A. should B. shall C. may D. must 11. ---Amazing! You ____ wear slippers at work! ----Don’t you know it’s a fashion? A. must B. should C. can D. may 12. ---The two astronauts had been trained for long before they flew to space. ---Oh, they ____ quite a lot of difficulties. A. might go through B. may go through C. should have gone through D. must have gone through 13. ---Can I pay the bill by check? ---Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ____ be paid in cash. A. will B. can C. should D. shall 14. ---Catherine looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? ---Yes, but I ____ her just before her final exams.

英语情态动词专项练习题及答案含答案解析

英语情态动词专项练习题及答案含答案解析一、初中英语情态动词 1．— _______ you play tennis? —Yes, and I'm a good player. A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你会打网球吗？——会，我是一名优秀的网球员。Can能，表示能力；may可以，表示允许；must必须，表示要求；should应该，表示建议；结合句意，此处表示能力，故用情态动词can，故选A。【点评】此题考查情态动词的用法。 2．All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane. A. can B. may C. must D. could 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有乘客登机前必须接受安全检查。A. can能够，表示能力；B. may可以，表示许可；C. must必须；D. could可能，可以。登机前必须安检。故选C。【点评】情态动词词义辨析。以及can、may、must、could四个词的词义和用法。 3．You be tired after walking for such a long time. Sit down and have a rest. A. can B. can't C. mustn't D. must 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：走了这么长时间你一定很累了。坐下休息一下吧。can能，能够，can't不能，对事物进行否定推测；mustn't一定不是，禁止，must一定，对事物进行肯定推测，根据after walking for such a long time，可以肯定你一定很累，所以是进行肯定推测，情态动词使用must，故选D。【点评】此题考查情态动词。弄清每个情态动词的使用规则，根据句意确定所使用的情态动词。 4．—Where is Mom now? —I'm not sure. She _________ be in the kitchen. A. shall B. may C. need D. must 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：—妈妈现在在哪里？—我不确定，她也许在厨房。A. shall 将要； B. may 可以，可能； C. need 需要； D. must必须，一定；根据I'm not sure可知是不确定；故选B。【点评】此题考查情态动词表推测的用法。 5．—Who it be that is knocking at the door? —It be father, but I'm not sure.

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)第一讲

be 动词、助动词、情态动词讲解（基础篇） 1、用单数，反之用复数。 ◆ 句中含有be动词时：肯定句：主语＋be ＋其他否定句：主语＋be ＋not ＋其他一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋其他＋？特殊疑问句：疑问词(what / who / when / where)＋be ＋主语＋其他＋？ I am a teacher. You are right. She is 16 years old. My father is at home. The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall. There are two books on the table. ★ be 动词用法歌：我用am，你用are，is 连接他她它。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃；变否定，更容易，be 后not 莫忘记；疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be 动词作谓语，它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。她个子很高。她在教室里。她是一个高个子的女孩。 2、助动词的用法。英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”，即，我们常说的“主语+ 谓语+ 其他” 。 ①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时：肯定句：I / We / They / The students

＋动词原形＋其他＋。 We watch TV every night. 变否定：主语＋don't ＋动词原形＋其他＋。 We don't watch TV every night. 一般疑问句Do + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ Do you watch TV every night? Yes, we do. / No, we don 't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ do + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ How often do you watch TV? ②主语为单数名词或代词时：肯定句：主语+ 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他+ 。 He watches TV every night. 否定句：主语+ doesn't+动词原形+其他+。 He doesn't watch TV every night. 一般疑问句：Does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ Does he watch TV every night? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn 't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ How often does he watch TV? ★主语为单数或不可数名词，谓语要用单数第三人称，反过来，看见动词用了单数第三人称，可以推知主语是单数或不可数名词。 ( )1. How __ ______ your dad help at home? A. do B. does C. is ( )2. ______ goes bad easily in summer. A. Milk B Apples C. Cakes ③过去时的句式（当句子时态为过去时时，动词用过去式，不受主语单复数的影响）肯定句：主语+ 过去式+ 其他+ 。 He / We got up early every morning last year. 否定句：主语+ didn't + 动词原形+ 其他+ 。 He / We didn't get up early every morning last year. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ Did he / you get up early every morning last year? Yes, he

初中英语语法知识—情态动词的全集汇编及答案(3)

一、选择题 1．— Must I go home? — No, you ________. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．don’t D．needn’t 2．-Listen! A wolf is crying! -It _______ be a wolf, because a wolf never comes out at this time. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．don’t 3．A: Is Jim coming by train? B: I’m not sure. He _______ drive his car. A．must B．may C．need D．should 4．From March 23rd, 2013, anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disneyland alone. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．mightn’t 5．—______ you please tell me something about the life in Canada or America?—Sorry, I______. I don’t know either. I’m from Australia. A．Could; couldn’t B．Can; couldn’t C．Could; can’t D．Can; mustn’t 6．—Jenny, we buy Mom presents. We can clean the house from top to bottom.—Good idea! It’s a special present for Mother’s Day. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 7．— May I have some wine? — No, you . You have to drive home later. A．shouldn't B．needn't C．mustn't D．may not 8．—Jack must be in his office, I think. —No, he be in the office. He flew to Canada this morning. A．needn't B．shouldn't C．can't D．mustn't 9．Since the road is muddy,it ________last night, ________? A．must be rained; wasn’t it B．must have rained; didn’t it C．must rained; didn’t it D．must have rained; wasn’t it 10．—Have you heard about the temperature of the earth will rise to 59℃ in 2020?—Don’t worry! The news _______ be true. A．must not B．may not C．needn’t D．will not 11．-_________ you help me with my homework? -Of course if I __________. A．Could; could B．Can't; can C．Could; can D．Can; could 12．—Must we finish the work right now? —No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow. A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t 13．— Will Jim come to Yangzhou for a holiday? — He ________come, it depends on how much homework he will have.

英语助动词和情态动词及练习

英语助动词和情态动词及练习一、概述不同的时态（一般式、进形式、完成式、将来式），不同的语态（主动、被动），不同的语气（祈使、陈述、虚拟），不同的结构（肯定、否定、疑问），以及说话者本身的态度或命令、请求、愿望、可能等，所有这些都要借助于助动词和情态动词表达出来。助动词一般没有词意，不能单独作谓语动词，除非省略句中。他们只参加时态、语态、语气或否定、疑问结构。情态动词有词义，可以用来表示说话者的语气和态度。主要的助动词和情态动词如下表：二、助动词助动词一般没有词意，不能单独作谓语动词。其作用在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等。 1、助动词be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法（1） be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。 Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴？ She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。（2）be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。 He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。 You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。（3）be 后跟不定式作谓语，有如下几种情况： ①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。 Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀？ I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。 ②表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。 You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。 You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。 ③表示义务、责任等，同should。 You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。 What is to be done?该干什么。 ④表示可能性，与情态动词may, can同义。 Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。 Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。 ⑤表示后来发生的事，可以用来表示命运或注定 They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了，没想到再也不能相见了。 He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。 ⑥用于习语 Where am I to go? 我该向何处去？ What am I to do? 我该怎么办？ 2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法（1）助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时

【英语】高三英语情态动词专项训练及答案及解析

【英语】高三英语情态动词专项训练及答案及解析一、单项选择情态动词 1．It wasn’t right to me that such near neighbors not know one another. A．could B．would C．should D．might 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：对我来说，很不正常，如此近的邻居居然不认识。A. could可能，能够；B. would将；C. should竟然；D. might可能，也许。should 作为情态动词，可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的，常常译为"竟会"、"居然"，住的这么近的邻居居然不认识。表示意外，所以答案选C。【点睛】 should的用法 1、should 作为情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,译作“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互换使用.例如：You should （= ought to ） tell your mother about it at once. 2、should 作为情态动词,可以用在条件状语从句中,表示语气较强的假设,译作“万一”、“竟然”,这时也可将 should 置于从句之首,即将 should 放在主语前面,而省略从属连词 if。例如：If you should fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. （= Should you fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ） 3、should 作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为“可……”、“倒……”。例如：I should say that it would be better to try it again. 4、should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的.尤其在以 why, who, how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”。例如：How should I know it ? 我怎么会知道这件事? 5、should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,通常译为“可能”、“总该……吧”,相当于 be expected to 。例如：They should be home by now, I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧。 6、should 作为情态动词,用在由 so that, for fear that, lest 引导的目的状语从句和 in case （that）引导的条件状语从句中,有“能够”、“可能”、“会”之意。例如：They got up early so that they should （= could/ might） catch the first bus in time. 7、should 作为情态动词,可以用于下列虚拟语气句中： (1）用在表示与将来事实相反的条件状语从句中,构成“ If …… should （do sth）……, …… would/ could/ might （do sth.）…… ”句式。 (2) 用在 suggest （propose）, arrange, plan, decide, advise, order, demand, request, desire, insist 等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“决定”、“安排”、“计划”、“主张”的动词后面接的宾语从句中。这里的 should 也可以省略。本句中should 作为情态动词，可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的，

be动词-情态动词及助动词用法

七年级英语双休日作业班级：姓名：等级英语句型变化总结练习 1、含有be动词am，is，are构成的句子：变一般疑问句时把am，is，are提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在am，is，are后面加not即可。例如：肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑问句: a student? 否定句: He a student. 肯定句：We are from China. 一般疑问句: from China? 否定句：We from China 2. 由情态动词can, may, should等构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把can, may,提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可. 变否定句时直接在can, may,后面加not即可. 例如: 肯定句: She can swim. 一般疑问句:she swim? 否定句: She swim. 3. 由行为动词构成的句子: 需要加助词do或does. 变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面. 变否定句时在主语后面加don’t / doesn’t , 谓语用动词原形。例如: 肯定句: They play football after school. 一般疑问句: play football after school? 否定句: They football after school. 肯定句：Tom watches TV every day. 一般疑问句: Tom TV every day? 否定句: Tom TV every day.

注意：变否定句时相关词的改变肯定句变否定句时，除将谓语变为否定式外，句中其他词语也可能随之改变：如将some改为any，too和also改为either，and改为or等：There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。 →There aren’t ______ birds in the tree. 树上没有鸟。 He likes the book, too. 他也喜欢这本书。 →He doesn’t like the book, ______. 他也不喜欢这本书。He likes singing and dancing. 他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。 →He doe sn’t like singing ______dancing. 他不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞。补充练习：根据句后括号内的要求，填入句中所缺的词： 1. I know the answer. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ know the answer? 2. We can see some birds. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ see ______ birds? 3. There is a computer in the house. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ a computer in the house? 4. There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ any flowers on the teachers’ desk? 5. There are some apples on the tree. (否定式) There ______ ______ ______ apples on the tree. 6. I think he is old. (否定句) I ______ think he ______ old.

初中英语情态动词专项练习题

情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词有四类： ①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might)…… ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need，will ③具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to，ought to ④情态动词表猜测：一肯一否三不定（must一肯，can not一否，may，might，could，三不定。）注：mustn't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观，have to表示客观。常用的有：can may could must have use . 情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词表推测的用法小结（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式 1．在肯定句中一般用must （一定），can,could（可能），might /may（也许，或许）。 e.g:(1)He must/can/may,might know the answer to this question. 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。 (2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。 2．否定句中用can’t / couldn’t（不可能），may not/might not（可能不）。

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)Microsoft Word 文档

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解 (基础篇) 1、be动词的用法。英语中，be动词选用单数还是复数，要由主语来定，主语是单数，就用单数，反之用复数。 ◆句中含有be动词时：肯定句：主语＋be ＋其他否定句：主语＋ be ＋ not ＋其他一般疑问句： Be ＋主语＋其他＋？特殊疑问句：疑问词（what / who / when / where）＋ be ＋主语＋其他＋？ I am a teacher. You are right. She is 16 years old. My father is at home. The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall. There are two books on the table. ★ be动词用法歌：我用am，你用are，is 连接他她它。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃；变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记；疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be动词作谓语，它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。她个子很高。她在教室里。她是一个高个子的女孩。 2、助动词的用法。英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”，即，我们常说的“主语 + 谓语 + 其他”。 ①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时：肯定句： I / We / They / The students ＋动词原形＋其他＋。 We watch TV every night. 变否定：主语＋ don’t ＋动词原形＋其他＋。 We don’t watch TV every night. 一般疑问句 Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ？ Do you watch TV every night? Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ？ How often do you watch TV?

助动词与情态动词-讲解及练习测试题

助动词与情态动词一、助动词助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。 1、be (am, is, are, were, been) （l）“be + -ing”构成进行时态；（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语： ①表按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year.总理将于明年访问日本。 ? “do + 动只有 (1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如：You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去式，如：Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to 则有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better. 2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法（1）表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些，如：May I have a look at your new

初中英语语法情态动词用法大全

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。情态动词句和疑问句中表示请求，允许，意为“能够” could 是can 的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的水平在疑问句中表示委婉请求 may 表示请求、许可，意为“能够”表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许” might 是may的过去式,表推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”表有把握的推测，用语肯定句dare 表示敢于，主要用于否定句和疑问句中 should 意为“应该”，表示要求和命令表示劝告、建议 had better 意为“最好”，表示建议 used to意为“过去常常，表示过去的动作、行为考点一情态动词知识清单情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 1. can 的用法（1）表示水平、许可、可能性。表示水平时一般译为“能、会”，即有种水平，尤其是生来具备的水平，此时may 和must 均不可代替它。（2）表示可能、能够。如：I can finish it in an hour. （3）表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. （4）表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t 译为“不可能”。 2.could的用法（1）can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的水平。（2）could 在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时没有过去式的意思。 3.may的用法（1）表示请求、许可，比can 正式，（2）表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。（3）may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may 。 4. must的用法（1）must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。（2）其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止, 不许”.（3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to . （4）must 表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。当must 表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。 She must have finished writing, hasn’t she? 5. need的用法（1）need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。用need 提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t。如：----Need I stay here any longer? ----Yes, you must .-----No. you needn’t . (2) need 还能够作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，后边多接动词不定式。 6. dare 的用法dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有两种词性：（1）dare 作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。（2）dare 作为实义动词，此时有人称、数即时态的变化。注意：在口语中，dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。Do you dare tell her what I said? 7. shall 的用法（1）shall 表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称）， Shall we go out for a walk? （2）表示决心、警告、命令（多用于第二、三人称）， No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam. 8. should的用法（1） should 意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。We should protect the environment. （2） should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”，常用于口语中。Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗？（3）Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 You should have finished your homework. 9. will 的用法 will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。 I will help you if I’m free this afternoon. 10. had better 的用法 had better 意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to 的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。 We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him. 考点二含有情态动词的疑问句 1. 由can、may、must构成的疑问句（1）句式：Can/ May/ Must…+ 主语+动词原形+….？如：Can you repair the car? Could he be a good student? May I borrow your ruler?Must we clean the room now? （2）对may 引出的问句，能够有下列回答方式：Yes, of course. Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn’t.No, you can’t. （3）对must引出的疑问句，回答为：Yes, …must.No,…needn’t/don’t have to. 2. will，would，shall 的用法（1）will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。would 是will 的过去式，语气更加客气、委婉。Would you show me your picture book? Will you please give me a call? （2）对will/ would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)All right.Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please. （3）shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please.All right. No, thank you. 考点三不同情态动词的否定意义也不同 1. （1）can’t可译为“不会”，如：I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。（2）当句子表推测时，用can’t表达不可能，He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.（3）can’t还可用来回答“ May I …?”这样的问句。May I come in ?No, you mustn’t. / can’t.（4）can’t还可用于固定习语中。She can’t help crying. 2.may 的否定式为may not ，译成“可能不”，He may not be at home. 3.（1）mustn’t表示不许，不可。He mustn’t leave his room.

英语助动词和情态动词及练习

英语语法-助动词和情态动词用法及习题

情态动词大学英语语法精解

助动词和情态动词

英语情态动词专项练习题及答案含答案解析

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)第一讲

初中英语语法知识—情态动词的全集汇编及答案(3)

英语助动词和情态动词及练习

【英语】高三英语情态动词专项训练及答案及解析

最新英语语法情态动词归纳总结

be动词-情态动词及助动词用法

初中英语情态动词专项练习题

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)Microsoft Word 文档

最新英语情态动词专项训练

助动词与情态动词-讲解及练习测试题

初中英语语法情态动词用法大全