[考研类试卷]2011年中山大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2011年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷

一、音标题

1 Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)

Example: find—/faind/, beneath—/bi'ni:θ/

corpora

2 sociologist

3 chef

4 debris

5 nasal

6 embedding

7 antonymy

8 facial

9 annotated

10 phonetics

二、填空题

11 Lyons predicted in the seventies by pointing out that linguistics is______, rather than speculative or intuitive; it operates with publicly variable date obtained by means of observation or experiment.

12 Phonetic similarity means that the______of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.

13 Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have ______ changes. That is, the same word may have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant.

14 In their book ______ written in 1923,C. K. Ogden and I.A. Richards presented a " representative list of the main definitions which reputable students of meaning have favoured. " There are 16 major categories of them, with sub-categories all together, numbering 22.

15 Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The upper term in this sense relation, i. e. the class name, is called ______, and the lower terms, the members, Hyponyms.

16 Charles Darwin, the founder of Evolution Theory, was one of the first keeping the diary of his son's ______.

17 And the Firthian tradition in this respect was further developed by the founder of systemic-functional linguistics, M.A.K. Halliday, whose contributions to sociolinguistics could be better seen from his understanding of language from a socially ______ or interactional perspective, his functional interpretation of grammar as a resource for meaning potential, and his linguistic model in the study of literature.

18 For some reasons, much of the research on writing has concentrated on the preparation and revision processes rather than on the sentence generation and lexical access processes that have been the focus of______language production.

19 As Carter and Simpson(1989)observed that "if the 1960s was a decade of formalism in stylistics, the 1970s a decade of functionalism, and the 1980s a decade

of______stylistics. "

20 As a compromise between the "purely form-focused approaches" and the "purely meaning-focused" approaches, a recent movement called ______ seems to take a more balanced view on the role of grammar in language learning.

21 While Firth inherited the tradition by taking up some of______'s and Malinowski's views, he developed their theories and put forward his own original points of view.

22 Mood is made up of two parts: the "Subject" and the "______" element.

23 In spite of the dominant influences of Transformational Generative Grammar in the American linguistic scholarship, it has been challenged by a number of rebels, among whom, are Fillmore with his ______and other with Generative Semantics.

24 The idea of______was first developed by Roman Jacobson(1896 - 1982)in the 1940s as a means of working out a set of phonological contrasts or oppositions to capture particular aspects of language sounds.

25 Tone refers to the pitch on a syllable of a word. When pitch is related to a sentence, it is called ______.

三、名词解释

26 Logical subject

27 Sentence

28 Performatives

29 Orientational metaphor

30 SPEAKING

31 Free indirect thought

32 Blog

33 Applied linguistics

34 Mental processes

35 Error analysis

四、举例说明题

36 Phoneme is the smallest meaningful unit of sound and morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in grammar.

37 In Chinese tone changes are used in the way that affects the meanings of individual words.

38 Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i. e. , a word or a group of words, which serve as a definable centre or head.

五、简答题

39 What are the similarities and differences between a phrase and a clause?

40 What are the characteristics of Grice's "conversational implicature" ?

41 What does Halliday's Systemic Grammar aim to do?

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英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.

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