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英语阅读理解题型归纳和解析

考生做好阅读理解应能读懂不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），包括信函、书刊和杂志上的文章，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明和产品介绍等。根据所读材料，考生应能：

①理解主旨要义；

②理解文中的具体信息；

③理解文中的概念性含义；

④进行有关的判断、推理和引申；

⑤根据上下文推测生词的词义；

⑥理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；

⑦理解作者的意图、观点或态度；

⑧区分论点和论据。

根据大纲和历年考题，我们把题型分为7种：推理题，例证题，词汇题，句子理解题，指代题，主旨题，态度题。下面是一套命题规律小结：

一、推理题

推理题一般包括数字推理，知识推断和逻辑推理，它

主要考察我们理清上下逻辑关系的能力，可以算是各类题型中最难的一种。推理题常常考查考生④进行有关的判断、推理和引申⑦理解作者的意图、观点或态度等，逻辑词常用的有：infer，imply，suggest，conclude等。

秘诀：

1．看是否通过题干返回原文（或根据选项返回）。

2．依据原文的意思进行：三错一对“的判断。

3．注意推理时的“最近答案”原则。

注意：不要“想的太多，推得太远。”推理题的答案很大程度上是原文的重现不易定非要经过逻辑推理从原文

得出。

二、例证题

例证题要求考生⑧区分论点和论据⑥理解文章的总

体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系：主要是考察考生通过段落，句子来推测文章的主旨，支持的观点等。

标记词有：example，illustrate，case，exemplify，illustration等。

秘诀：

1．返回原文，找出该例证出现，即给该例证定位。

2．90%向上，10%向下，搜索该例证周围的区域，找出例证支持的观点。找出该论点，并与四个选项进行比较，的出选项中与该论点最一致的正确答案。注意：举例的目的

是为了支持论点，例子看不懂也没关系。

3．错误选项特征就是就事论事。

4．常识判断。如果一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是answer，如果不符合常识，一定不是answer。

三、词汇题

词汇题主要测试考生⑤根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。标志是Theword“…”inline…refersto…

秘诀：

1．返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。

2．注意结合上下文，理解该词的意思。

3．可判断该词汇是否超纲，如果是纲内词汇，则字面意思，必然不是正确答案。

4．词汇的正确答案，经常蕴藏在原文该词出现的前后。

四、句子理解题

句子理解题要求考生②理解文中的具体信息③理解文中的概念性含义

秘诀：

1．返回原文，找到该句子。

2．对原句进行语法和词义上的精确剖析，应该重点抓原句的字面含义，不要进行归纳，演绎，推理。

3．一般说来，选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相

同，只不过是用其他英语词汇表达而已。正确选项与原句之间没有任何推理关系。

五、指代题

指代题主要考察考生整体理解文章的能力，并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。

秘诀：

1．返回原文，找出题的指代词。

2．向上搜索，找最近的名词，名词性词组或句子。

3．将找到的词，词组或句子代入，替换该指代词，看意思是否通顺。

4．将找到的词，词组与四个选项想比较，找出答案。

六、主旨题

主旨题①理解主旨要义，主要测试考生对短文整体理解概括的能力。一般是第一或最后一个题。标志词有：mainlyabout；mainlydiscuss；besttitle；digest等。

秘诀：

1．注意首段和各段第一句话，将其含义连接成一个整体。

2．小心“首段陷阱”，不要一看开头就选择答案。

3．快速作文法解题。做题前可以自己思考一下“如果是我写这个题目，我会怎么写。”

七、态度题

态度观点题主要考察考生⑦理解作者的意图，观点或态度的能力。标志词：attitude，purpose等。

秘诀：

1．精确理解四个选项词语的含义，归纳起来，常见的态度词有：Opposition反对，suspicion怀疑的，Approval 支持，indifference冷漠（一般不选），Optimistic乐观的，subjective主观的，objective客观的，pessimistic悲观的，biased有偏见的，impartial偏心的，sensitive敏感的。

2．不要搀杂自己的观点。

3．可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。

4．可以抓论述的主线及举例的方式。

小结完毕，大家千万不要忽略了历年真题的作用，把它利用好，能给你带来事半功倍的效果，省心、省时、省钱，而且高效率。

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2019中考英语阅读理解专项练习：The report The report came to the British on May 21,1949. The German battleship Bismarck, the most powerful warship(战舰) in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task： to destroy the ships supplies from the United Statesto war-tornEngland. The British had feared such a task. No warship they had could match theBismarckin speed or in firepower. TheBismarckhad eight 15-inch guns and 81 small guns. She could move at 30 nautical(海上的) miles an hour. She was believed to be unsinkable. However, the British had to sink her. They sent out a task force headed by their best battleship Hood to hunt down theBismarck. On May 24, the Hood found theBismarck. It was a meeting that the German commander Luetjens did not want to see. His orders were to destroy the British ships that were carrying supplies, but to stay away from a fight with British warships. The battle didn’t last long. The Bismarck’s first torpedo(鱼雷) hit the Hood, which went down taking all but three of her 4,419 men with her. But in the fight, theBismarckwas slightly damaged. Her commander decided to run for repairs toFrance, which had at that time been taken by the speed and the heavy fog, they lost sight of her.

【英语】中考英语阅读理解真题

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