译文对比评析从哪些方面
译文对比评析从哪些方面
匆匆英译文对比赏析
（1）匆匆
译文1：Transient Days
译文2：Rush
（2）燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。
译文1：If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again.
译文2：Swallows may have gone, but there is a time to return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again.
（3）但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢?
译文1：But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and where could he hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at the present moment?
译文2：Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? ----If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide them? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment?
（4）我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。译文1：I don’t know how many days I am entitled to
altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away.
译文2：I do not know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty.
（5）在默默里算着，八千多个日子已经从我手中溜去；
译文1：Counting up silently, I find that more than 8,000 days have already slipped away through my fingers.
译文2：Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousands days have already slid away from me.
（6）像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流水里，没有声音，也没有影子。
译文1：Like a drop of water falling off a needle point to the ocean, my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace.
译文2：Like a drop of water from the point of a needle
disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, traceless.
（7）我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。
译文1：At the thought of this, sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks.
译文2：Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.
（8）去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着；去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢?
译文1：What is gone is gone, what is to come keeps coming. How swift is the transition in between!
译文2：Those that have gone have gone for good, those to come keep coming; yet in between, how swift is the shift, in such a rush?
（9）早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。
译文1：When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun casts two or three squarish patches of light into my small room.
译文2：When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun marks its presence in my small room in two or three oblongs.
（10）太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。
译文1：The sun has feet too, edging away softly and stealthily. And, without knowing it, I am already caught in its revolution.
译文2：The sun has feet, look, he is treading on, lightly and furtively; and I am caught, blankly, in his revolution.
(11)于是----洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从
饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。
译文1：Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal; passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.
译文2：Thus -- the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal, passes away before my day-dreaming gaze as I reflect in silence.
（12）我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去；天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。
译文1：Away of its fleeting presence, I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my out-stretched hands. In the evening, when I lie on my bed, it nimbly strides over my body and flits past my feet.
译文2：I can feel his haste now, so I reach out my hands to hold him back, but he keeps flowing past my withholding hands. In the evenings, as l lie in bed, he strides over my body, glides past my feet, in his agile way.
（13）我掩着面叹息。但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。
译文1：I have a sigh, my head burried in my hands. But, in the midst of my sighs, a new day is flashing past.
译文2：I bury my face in my hands and heave a sigh. But the new day begins to flash past in the sigh.
（14）在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢?只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢?
译文1：Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life? What have I been doing during the 8,000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering?
译文2：What can l do, in this bustling world, with my days flying in their escape? Nothing but to hesitate, to rush. What have l been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush, apart from hesitating?
（15）过去的日子如轻烟，被微风吹散了；如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；
译文1：The bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mists, have been evaporated by the rising sun.
译文2：Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind, or evaporated as mist by the morning sun.
（16）我留着些什么痕迹呢?我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢?我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢?但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊?
译文1：What traces have I left behind? No, nothing, not even gossamer-like traces. I have come to this world stark naked, and in the twinkling of an eye, I am to go back as stark naked as ever. However, I am taking it very much to heart: why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all?
译文2：What traces have l left behind me? Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at all? I have come to this world, stark naked; am I to go back, in a blink, in the same stark nakedness? It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing!
（17）你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?
译文1：O you the wise, would you tell me please: why should our days go by never to return?
译文2：You the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return?
（译文1和译文2分别为张培基先生和朱纯深教授翻译；选自张培基《英译中国现代散文选》和《中国翻译》）
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（致谢，单独用一页，向指导教师及相关人员致谢） Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to show my deep gratitude and respect to my supervisor …for her / his careful guidance and hard work. Her /His experienced suggestions and continual encouragement have guided me through all my writing process of this paper. Without her /his guidance and assistance, the completion of this thesis would have been impossible. Secondly, I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to the professors and teachers of The School of Foreign Languages …who instructed and helped me a lot in the past half and three years. Finally, I wish to thank my parents and friends, whose spiritual and practical support ensures my courage in face of difficulties.
翻译行业分析报告
吉林地区翻译（英语）人才需求现状及发展趋势 前言 大学里该学什么？大学里学到了什么？大学毕业生拿什么去跟别人竞争？而毕业后又 能找到一份什么样的工作？这些问题年复一年地横亘在大学生面前，让我们不得不思考：究竟是专业优势让我们广外学子立于不败之地，还是不断积累的实习、兼职经历，抑或是能力、态度、意识、动机这些软性的东西在左右着一切？再者，今年受金融危机，用人单位的实际需求量在大幅度地缩水，大学生的就业竞争形势十分激烈，面临着就业"疲软"状态。 一、基本情况 调研时间：大一上学期寒假期间 调研对象：与翻译专业有关的人士 调研目的：探求人才需求现状及发展趋势 调研方法：问卷调查 二、主要内容 （一）专业发展现状 随着全球经济与科技的不断发展，加强与他国各方面的往来越来越成为必要。在这样的大环境下，以语言交流为中心的翻译工作也变得越来越重要。面对这样的新形势，加深对翻译本质及其目的的认识有助于摆正翻译研究和实践的发展方向以便使其更好的为本国社会发展。翻译的本质是要让交流的双方（无论是笔译还是口译）明白，准确传达原意同时也要让读者（听众）明白、懂、清楚了。这是个很简单的道理，否则还要翻译做什么呢？但就是这样简单的道理，在实践中却往往把握不住。例如：很多笔译是中文定稿，然后给翻译做。而中英文的差别和表述不同，文化和阅读习惯的不同，需要翻译做一些处理，或增加、或删减、或调整。但因为中文稿往往是经过了层层审阅、道道把关，“客户”往往要求要严格按原文翻。翻译呢，为了让“客户”满意，也就会很忠实地翻，结果很容易是客户满意，但老外糊涂，被弄的云里雾里的；而翻译心里想着是最终读者呢，会担心“客户”不能结账，弄不好还丢了这个客户。翻译就处于两难，对谁负责呢？ （二）专业需求现状
翻译中的英汉八大不同解析
翻译中的英汉八大不同 一、英语重结构,汉语重语义 我国著名语言学家王力先生曾经说过:“ 就句子的结构而论,西洋语言是法治的,中国语言是人治的。”(《中国语法理论》,《王力文集》第一卷,第 35页,山东教育出版社, 1984年 我们看一看下面的例子: Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived. 译文:孩子们可以和装有性格芯片的娃娃一起玩耍;内嵌性格装置的电脑将被视作人们工作上的伙伴而不仅仅是工具; 休闲时, 电视机还能满足人们嗅觉感官的需求——那时, 数码时代就已经到来了。 这句英语是由四个独立句构成的并列句,前三个句子都用简单将来时, 最后一个句子用的是将来完成时, 句子之间的关系通过时态、逗号和并列连词 and 表示得一清二楚。而汉语译文明显就是简单的叙述, 至于句子之间的关系完全通过句子的语义表现出来:前三个句子可以看成是并列关系,最后一个句子则表示结果。 二、英语多长句,汉语多短句 由于英语是“ 法治” 的语言,只要结构上没有出现错误,许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达;汉语则正好相反,由于是“ 人治” ,语义通过字词直接表达,不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。正是由于这个原因, 英译汉试题几乎百分之百都是长而复杂的句子,而翻译成中文经常就成了许多短小的句子。 例如:Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
《荷塘月色》英译文赏析
《荷塘月色》两译文赏析 散文翻译原则 ●1、文气贯通,气韵生动 ●英国散文翻译家 Hilaire Belloc(希莱尔·贝洛克)为文学散文翻译制定了6 条原 则，认为翻译的本质是异地之魂假借本地之躯的复活 (The essence of translating is the resurrection of an alien thing in a native body) ,强调散文的翻译不能拘泥于原文之字句,要视段落或部分为整体。翻译要“以意译意( translate intention by intention) ” ●2、传神写照———“意,气,文”三位一体 ●在散文翻译中,我们要想译得曲尽其妙,须得传神地摹写作者的气质神韵。每一个 作者有每一个的个性特点、气质精神,着手翻译之前,要先对作者进行深入的研究,把握其时代背景、人生经历、创作风格等,这样的翻译方能做到传神达意,否则,难免貌合神离。 ●PS：文学翻译非文字翻译 ●文学翻译，讲求整体效果，即“神韵”。有些表面忠实的译文，失去了散文的文采、 文雅，这样便失去了自身的价值，终究是失败的译文。 “美”是散文翻译的重点。 美感层面 ●Alongside the Lotus Pond runs a small cinder footpath. It is peaceful and secluded here, a place not frequented by pedestrians even in the daytime; now at night, it looks more solitary, in a lush, shady ambience of trees all around the pond. On the side where the path is, there are willows, interlaced with some others whose names I do not know. The foliage, which, in a moonless night, would loom somewhat frighteningly dark, looks very nice tonight, although the moonlight is not more than a thin, greyish veil. （朱纯深译文） ●动感美：run、frequent、interlace、loom ●韵味美：peaceful、secluded、solitary、lush、shady ●比喻手法：…a thin, greyish veil . 美感层面 ●All over this winding stretch of water, what meets the eye is a silken field of leaves, reaching rather high above the surface, like the skirts of dancing girls in all their grace. Here and there, layers of leaves are dotted with white lotus blossoms, some in demure bloom, others in shy bud, like scattering pearls, or twinkling stars, or beauties just out of the bath. A breeze stirs, sending over breaths of fragrance, like faint singing drifting from a distant building. At this moment, a tiny thrill shoots through the leaves and flowers, like a streak of lightning, straight across the forest of lotuses. The leaves, which have been standing shoulder to shoulder, are caught trembling in an emerald heave of the pond. Underneath, the exquisite water is covered from view, and none can tell its colour; yet the leaves on top project themselves all the more attractively.（朱纯深译文） ●音韵效果 (节奏美）： ● stirs---sending---singing； ● breeze---breaths---building；
英汉翻译评析
评：在最后一句“回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色”中，译者将“百媚”翻 译为“ full of grace ” ,在此处应取“ eleganee and beauty of movement expression ， a beautiful figure which she used in subtle movements unparalleled grace ”这一义，我认为此处强调的是“媚”这个字，这种美是无 人能比的，以至于六宫粉黛无颜色，所以在翻译之时，可以把这种媚翻译成魅 力，而且是“百媚”，此处“百”又不是真的“ hundred ”，而是一种“ end beauty, end of charm ”。 评：最后一句“六宫”翻译成six places 非常生硬，感觉没有体现中国古典文 化中六宫的含义。同时fairest face 也太过于字面化，没有什么美感。回眸直 接翻译为turning her head 也是过于直接，体现不出古典诗歌所要表达的美。 or of of 评：第二句杨家有女初长成中， womanhood just grow ，womanhood 略感多余，前面已经用 了 maiden ，意透露性别信息，无需再次强调女性身份，第三句中天生丽质难自弃，用 en dowed with n atural beauty, en dow 之嫌，一朝选在君王侧翻作 selected for the mon arch' 妃，回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色有承接关系，觉得， 已有天生具有的意思，再用 natural 强调原生有语义赘余 s side,太过直译，可以意译为入宫为 that 放入前半句更好， that she turns her head, with a sweet and grace smile 。 评：诗歌标题“长恨歌”并非表达一种真正的恨意和痛苦， 的遗憾和悔恨。“ regret ”正好有“悔恨，遗憾”之意，“ 而是指唐明皇和杨贵妃无法长相厮守 everlasting ”正好表达岀了长久的意 味。许渊冲的翻译避免了直接翻译的直白， 又恰到好处地将两人无法长相厮守的遗憾表达得淋漓 尽致，十分贴切。 《长恨歌》翻译评析 长恨歌 许渊冲译 The Everlast ing Regret 汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。 The beauty-lovi ng mon arch Ion ged year after year To find a beautiful lady without peer. 杨家有女初长成，养在深闺人未识。 A maide n of the Yan gs* to woma nhood just grow n. In inner chambers bred, to the world was unknown. 天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。 En dowed with n atural beauty too hard to hide, One day she stood selected for the mon arch ' s side. 回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。 Turning her head, she smiled so sweet and full of grace That she outsh one in six palaces the fairest face.
中国翻译市场现状分析报告
深圳中企智业投资咨询有限公司
中国翻译市场现状分析 (最新版报告请登陆我司官方网站联系) 公司网址: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6c17622102.html, 1
目录 中国翻译市场现状分析 (3) 第一节中国翻译市场概述 (3) 一、我国翻译市场总体概况 (3) 二、我国翻译行业发展阶段 (3) 三、我国翻译行业发展特点分析 (3) 第二节2011-2015年我国翻译行业整体市场规模 (4) 一、企业数量结构分析 (4) 二、人员规模状况分析 (4) 三、行业资产规模分析 (4) 第三节2011-2015年中国翻译产能规模统计分析 (5) 第四节2011-2015年中国翻译产品产值统计分析 (6) 2
中国翻译市场现状分析 第一节中国翻译市场概述 一、我国翻译市场总体概况 中国“入世”以来，愈来愈多的外资企业涌入中国，与之相关联的国外资料、网站、软件需要和本地进行对接，从而催生巨大翻译市场。国际贸易，国际技术交流以及国际文化等各方面的合作，同样蕴藏着非常大的翻译市场机会。每一次国际技术转让都会涉及到能堆满好几间屋子的资料需要翻译；每一个国际贸易项目的进行都会有大量产品介绍，合作文书翻译以及现场口译的需求；而逐年增加的国际性会议中，翻译更是必不可少的一项工作。 根据国际本地化行业标准协会（LISA）和美国一家权威机构对世界翻译市场的调查显示，目前全球年翻译产值超过130亿美元，亚太地区占30％，到2007年底，世界人工翻译市场将达115亿美元，将网页上的外国语言，翻译成为本国语言的翻译业务将达到17亿美元的市场规模，而中国的翻译市场则将达到过300亿人民币。翻译市场会跟随全球化进程的不断加快而迅速发展，目前为止仅国内翻译市场就保持着每年50%以上增长率，而且每一年的增长率均呈现递增趋势。 二、我国翻译行业发展阶段 虽然我国翻译行业还存在一些问题，但从行业的增长速度来看，我国的翻译市场行业处于成长期，无疑正在向成熟期迈进。 三、我国翻译行业发展特点分析 1、规模小，具有良好行业品牌的公司甚少。国内缺少合格培养专业翻译的专业教育和培训机构。翻译标准的实施缺少监控和度量。翻译在中国还没有形成产业。 2、翻译公司数量多，质量却参差不齐。由于专职人员少，很多公司不得不依靠兼职翻译或层层外包，使得质量难以保证。 3、同行竞争激烈，价格不断走低。很多公司为了争夺客户，不惜压低翻译 3
《荷塘月色》的两个英译版本的比较研究
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 1 从美国新闻理念的发展看例外主义的嬗变 2 合作学习在高中英语写作教学中的应用 3 从女性意识的角度解读《荆棘鸟》中的女性形象 4 论广告英语的用词特点 5 中国传统文化中特色词语的翻译 6 汉语公示语英译之跨文化交际研究 7 中西方在养老孝道方面的差异 8 《晚安,妈妈》中公共汽车和洗衣机的象征寓意 9 从《拦截魔人岛》中的邪恶三位一体分析蒙特哥利死亡的必然性 10 外语词汇磨蚀及对外语教学的启示 11 [会计学]资产减值会计的应用研究 12 从文化翻译学行为论看汉语国俗语的英译过程——对林语堂和《吾国吾民》的个案考察 13 苔丝悲剧的原因与托马斯哈代悲剧意识的分析 14 英语课堂中的教师提问策略 15 《傲慢与偏见》中人物对白之语用学分析 16 浅析广州-ELEVEN的经营模式及其发展前景 17 A Cultural Approach to the Translation of Movie Titles 18 英文商务信函的语言特点和写作原则 19 从文化角度研究中英礼仪模式差异 20 中西建筑文化差异及其形成背景分析 21 论《宠儿》中的母爱 22 论戏剧《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克的悲剧形象 23 论马可?吐温小说中的讽刺技巧 24 论美国梦破灭的社会因素—盖茨比和威力罗曼的比较 25 试用标记模式理论分析广告语中的语码混用现象 26 情景法在新概念英语教学中的应用——以杭州新东方为例 27 清教主义对美国文化的影响 28 浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝悲剧的成因 29 《木马赢家》中父亲的缺席 30 浅析《白牙》中爱的力量 31 An Analysis of Characterization of O-lan in The Good Earth 32 从《盲人》中的“血性意识”看劳伦斯的文明观 33 论《无名的裘德》中主人公裘德福雷人生悲剧的原因 34 电影字幕翻译中的归化与异化 35 英语广告语篇中名物化的研究 36 中西方数字“九”的文化对比分析与翻译 37 从适应与选择角度看公示语翻译方法 38 浅谈当代大学生炫耀性消费文化 39 英汉关于“愤怒”隐喻的分析 40 从语言角度分析面子理论在英语商务谈判中的作用 41 浅析《动物庄园》中极权主义形成的必然性 42 An Analysis of Main Characters in Wuthering Heights
英语翻译评析
英语翻译评析 袁兆帆 自动化1006班 U201013757 1.翻译原文 Stopped at last！ A clever blow. He is down upon the pavement；and the crowd eagerly gather round him, each new- comer jostling and struggling with the others to catch a glimpse. 'Stand aside！' 'Give him a little air！' 'Nonsense！he don't deserve it.' 'Where's the gentleman？' 'Here he is，coming down the street.' 'Make room there for the gentleman！' 'Is this the boy，sir！' 'Yes.' Oliver lay，covered with mud and dust，and bleeding from the mouth，looking wildly round upon the heap of faces that surrounded him，when the old gentleman was officiously dragged and pushed into the circle by the foremost of the pursuers. 'Yes，' said the gentleman，'I am afraid it is the boy.' 'Afraid！' murmured the crowd. 'That's a good 'un！' 'Poor fellow！' said the gentleman，'He has hurt himself.' 'I did that，sir，' said a great lubberly fellow，stepping forward；'and preciously I cut my knuckle agin' his mouth. I stopped him，sir.' The fellow touched his hat with a grin，expecting something for his pains；but，the old gentleman，eyeing him with an expression of dislike，look anxiously round，as if he contemplated running away himself，which it is very possible he might have attempted to do，and thus have afforded another chase，had not a police officer （who is generally the last person to arrive in such cases）at that moment made his way through the crowd，and seized Oliver by the collar. 2.我的翻译 总算是让他停下了,漂亮的一拳!他倒在了路上,周围的人们一拥而上把他围住了,每一个刚到的人都要挤进人群中瞧一眼,”给我让开!””让他好好踹口气””胡扯,他不值得去踹那口气””那位绅士在哪呢?””在那儿呢,正沿街走来呢””给他让条路!””是这个男孩吗?先生””没错” 欧利佛躺在地上,身上全是泥和灰尘,嘴角还流着血,惊恐的向上望着围住他的无数面孔,这时,那位绅士被在最前头的追捕者推挤着进入了人圈之中.
八种翻译法在of studies 英汉翻译中的运用
翻译常用的八种翻译法在Of Studies英汉翻译中的应用 姓名班级学号 摘要：Of Studies的翻译属于散文体翻译。培根的散文《论读书》是一篇具有典范性的正式散文，其主体严肃，形式凝重，句法严谨，词藻绚烂，语言准确。为了使译文的笔调符合原文的庄重风格，王佐良先生在译文中运用了八种常用翻译法，即重译法、增译法、减译法、词序调整法、正说反译，反说正译法、分译法、语态变换法。 关键词：八种翻译法、《论读书》、散文体、英汉翻译 Application of eight kinds of Translation Methods in the English -Chinese Translation of Baconn’s of studies Abstract：The translation of Baconn’s of studies belongs to the translation of prose. Baconn’s of studies is an exemplary and formal prose.The main body of prose is solemn;Its form is imposing; Its syntax is strict;Its rhetoric is gorgeous;And its language is accurate.In order to make the translation in line with the solemn style of the original prose,professor wang used eight kinds of translation methods to translate the prose, namely repetition, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, division, negation, the change of the voices. Key Words:eight kinds of translation methods; of studies; prosaism; English -Chinese translation; 引言 英国散文作为正式的文学体裁，起始于16世纪末，17世纪初。第一位英国散文家是弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）。英语散文一词“essay”是从法国散文家蒙田（Montaigne）为自己的散文集所取的题名“Essai”移植而来。培根也将essays作为自己散文集的名字。（[1]：323） Of Studies，是培根400年前撰写的一篇探讨读书问题的散文杂记，亦是英国文学中众人皆知的劝学名篇。文章分析了学习的主要的目的，不同人采取不用学习方法及学习是如何对人的性情品格产生潜移默化的影响。培根采用客观的态度讨论问题，说理透彻，逻辑性强，结构严谨，用词讲究，风格凝重，反应出作者无穷的智慧和冷静的观察。（[3]：172）经过精雕细琢的一字一句几乎都可以成为一条格言，洗练含蓄，意味无穷。《论读书》的翻译，让人们再次领略其风采。而在这些译作中，王佐良先生的古典式翻译，无疑是影响最大的、传播最广的，且最为译界和读者称道和推崇的成功之作。王佐良先生的这篇译文从精神到形式都精确而优美地传达了原文的思想和风格，做到了既形似又神似。在这篇译文中，先生运用了八种常用翻译方法。 一、八种翻译法的各自定义 （一）重译法Repetion 定义：在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语，否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。 作用：一是为了明确；二是为了强调；三是为了生动。[2]:48 （二）增译法Amplification