江苏高考英语复习完形填空

完形填空20个空算多的，所以经常造成错误率太高、大红叉连成片的“血案”。今天小简老师就分享一些学习方法来帮助大家救救场，提高你完形填空的准确率。

首先，我们需要搞清楚——完形填空究竟在考什么？（不仅是英语，其他科目也一样，多在心里问一遍绝对能提高你的目标性）指哪打哪，才能准确命中。其实，完型填空这20个空，核心想考察我们的只有3点！下面我们详细来说：

语法

注意，语法是完形填空的主要考察点。这里总结下完型填空主要考察的语法内容有哪些，大家要重视起来：

名词词形：单复数变形，名词的可数和不可数。这个比较简单，但是，你对这个知识点的认知一定要非常明确，别糊里糊涂，否则在考试中一着急很容易出错，我也吃过亏。

动词词形：包括动词的时态，语态，语气，分词，动名词，不定式等结构

词组搭配：这部分重点在平常的积累，如果课文中遇到要有心的加强记忆

主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则

比较级：重视形容词、副词的比较形式的应用、冠词以及不定代词

语法部分其实不是特别难，但是需要你很熟悉这些语法点。日常学习中多积累和归纳，做一个笔记本，把常用常考的部分都记录下来，经常复习，一定会有效果。举个例子：

Ask your friends or parents to save_____envelopes for you.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7b15180321.html,ed

B. using

C. wasted

D. good

句意是：让你的朋友或父母为你保留____信封。不难判断，这里应该填使用过的。use的分词used是形容词，使用过的；动名词using则没有形容词的词性，那么，我们判断出这题的答案是A。

词汇

词汇题一般考实义词，包括名词，形容词，副词。出题方向包括这些词汇的同义词，反义词，还包括易混词的辨析等。常出现的考察点是，动词搭配不同的介词，会有不同的释义。遇到这类词汇题，需要同学们准确想出词汇的意思，避免混淆和模棱两可。例如：

We will look out for each other and that's how we will ____ this difficulty.

A. get away

B. get off

C.get out

D. get through

我们一起来看上述这道题，分别来分析一下四个选项。

get away表示离开；逃脱

get off 脱下；动身去某地

get out 离开；出去

get through 度过，熬过（困难时期等）

知道了这四个词的意思，我们再来看原文中给我们的提示，这个词组后跟的名词是difficulty，根据句意，这里选D，意思是我们彼此照料，这便是我们度过难关的方式。

语篇

语篇是完形填空考察的重点。英语语言的特点，使得英语的语篇连接十分紧密。这一考点要求学生对文章的整体有一个全面的了解，根据文章的段落结构以及内容的逻辑顺序，来选择答案。语篇题涉及大量过渡词及连词的用法。例如：

表原因：because,because of, thanks to, due to, result from, since, on account of/that

表结果：consequently,as a result, thus, hence, therefore

表转折：but, yet,anyway, nevertheless, however

表补充：also, besides,further, moreover, additionally, in addition, furthermore

例如：

I can’t believe she did it 16.____,She’s a very brave little girl and we are all very proud of her.

A.Anyway

B. Otherwise

C.Besides

D. Furthermore

这句话的意思是我无法相信她这么做了。____，她是一个勇敢的小女孩，我们都以她为骄傲。很明显，根据作者的语气，可以判断这里前后句存在着转折关系。而四个选项中，表示转折的有anyway但是，所以选A。

在这三大板块的框架之下，童鞋们还可以继续拓展和延伸。在了解这位对手之后，大家根据自己的实际情况加强训练，直击对手的弱点，下面附上一些常考点及技巧：

(一)利用句首信息，推测语篇主旨

首句：主题/态度/大背景！填每个空的时候，都要想：我填什么词才能把主题说清楚！“做学问始于懂概念！”

完形填空短文第一句常为主题句，一般不设空。把握主题句对理解全文和解题很有帮助。

(二)寻找提示信息，重现语境意义

一般来说，完型填空的四个选项形式完全相同，如都是动词原形，都是副词，都是名词复数形式等，所以要注意他们在意义上和搭配上的细微差别，形义兼顾。同时，一定要把这些选项放到特定的语境里进行区分，判别，从而选出正确答案。例：

It runs in the 53_____.Michael’s father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the54 (same).A pair of gloves may be a 55 (small) thing, but it can make a big difference in winter.(2013课标II)

A. city

B family

C. neighborhood

D company

答案：上文介绍了Michael Greenberg 总是送手套给穷人，而本空后又介绍了他的父亲从前也帮助过穷人，因此可以推断出乐于助人是Michael 家的传统。

(三)识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系

语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词被称为“语篇标志”。（注意上文中列举的转折词及连词等）。如：

Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains .They reached the top 41____ ,but on their way back conditions were very 42___ .(2014课标II)

41. A. hurriedly B. carefully C. successfully D. early

解析：连词but提示上下文之间存在转折关系。下文提到Joe在回来的路上摔伤了腿，由此判断回程艰难，登顶成功(successfully)

(四)利用原词复现，寻找近义词语

完型填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整而又有机的意义整体。

(五)词语的习惯用法和固定搭配

(2010全国I) …The nurse had him take a 36_____ in the waiting area, 37(telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before) someone would be able to see him.

36. A. breath B. test C. seat D.break

固定搭配：take a seat

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