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语法简单句

简单句：句子成分都由单词或短语担任，且只有一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句。需要重点掌握简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法。

一、S + V（主语＋不及物动词）这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：—Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？—No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：Why don’t you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？

【练习导航】Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 他在听。He _____ _____.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _____ _____ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。The rain _____ _____ two hours. 4. 事物总是变化的。Things always

_____.5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。His dream to China _____ _____ _____.

Ⅱ. 单项选择( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. You’d better ______.

A. wait

B. waiting

C. waited

D. to wait( )7. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained( )8. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?—Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play( )9. —What did your father say just now?—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone.A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked ( )10. You ______ first and I ______ behind. A. go; was following B. will go; follow C. will go; followed D. go; will follow

二．S + V + P（主语＋系动词＋表语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。

【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。

1.他感到有点累。______________________________

2. 这听起来是个好主意。______________________________

3. 海伦在家吗？______________________________

4. 我的电脑在书房里。______________________________

5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。______________________________

6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。______________________________

7. 问题是你想干什么。______________________________

8. 他总是乐于助人。______________________________

9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。______________________________

10. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。______________________________

三、S + V + O（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：He’s having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。

【练习导航】Ⅰ. 找出下列句子的宾语。

1. He handed in his homework this morning. ____________

2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. ____________

3. He forgot which way to go. ____________

4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? ____________

5. I’ll do what I can. ____________

Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

6. 你认识这些人吗？Do you _________ _________ _________?

7. 今天早上他完成了报告。He _________ _________ _________ this morning.

8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。Now I’ll _________ _________.

9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。He has decided _________ _________ _________ Beijing.

10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。I don’t remember _________ the accident _________.

四、S + V + IO + DO（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：

1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语

【练习导航】Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。1. She gave me her telephone number. _________________

2.Bring me some water, please. _________________

3.I’ll make you some fresh tea. _________________

4.He sang us a folk song. _________________

5.She showed me her paintings. _________________

Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。

6.Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.

7.My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother ______ a pink skirt

______ my little sister.

8.She cooked us a delicious meal. She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.

9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me. 10. She made me a cup of coffee. She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me.

【温馨提示】◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？→Can you lend your car to us? ◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。→My uncle bought a watch for me.

五．S + V + O + OC（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing

形式等充当。如：Please don’t call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。

【练习导航】Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。

1.They call their daughter Mary. ___________

2.Don’t leave me behind. ____________

3.I wish you to be happy. _____________

4.I saw her chatting with Nancy. ____________

5.Good food keeps you healthy. ____________

Ⅱ. 翻译下面的汉语句子。

6.他们请我和他们一道去。______________________________

7.我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。______________________________

8.你认为这部电影精彩吗？______________________________

9.你建议我做什么？______________________________

10. 你注意到他进来了吗？______________________________

六、there be句型there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be 动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。如：There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。

【练习导航】Ⅰ. 单项选择

( ) 1. There ______ ice on the road last week.A. was B. were C. will be D. are ( ) 2. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.A. will

have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be

( ) 3. There _____ to be something wrong with him.A. is B. was C.

seems D. are

( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _______?A. won’t it B. won’t there C. isn’t it D. aren’t there

( ) 5. There _______ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month. A. was B. were C. have been D. are Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

6.一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。_____ _____ a boy _____ with a dog in the yard.

7.7. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。______ _____ _____ _____ a shop on the corner of the street.

8.可能会有一个更好的办法来做这件事。_____ _____ _____ a better way to do this.

9. 没有空气就没有声音._____ _____ _____ sound without air. 10. 没有时间再等你了。_____ ______ no time _____ _____ _____ you.

Key：一、Ⅰ. 1. is listening 2. sleep well 3. lasted for 4. change 5. has come true Ⅱ. 6-10 ABBCD二、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea. 3. Is Helen in? 4. My computer is in the study. 5. His dream is to become a doctor. 6. My favorite sport is swimming.7. The question is what you want to do. 8. He is

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