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2020年高三上学期第一次半月考(周考)政治试题

2020年高三上学期第一次半月考(周考)政治试题
2020年高三上学期第一次半月考(周考)政治试题

2020年高三上学期第一次半月考(周考)政治试题

姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________

一、选择题 (共30题;共60分)

1. (2分) (2018高一上·双鸭山月考) 下图表示甲乙两种商品的需求变化,对此下列判断正确的是()

①两种商品相比,甲商品更可能是生活必需品

②两种商品相比,甲商品更可能是高档耐用品

③两种商品相比,乙商品更可能是生活必需品

④两种商品相比,乙商品更可能是高档必需品

A . ①③

B . ②④

C . ②③

D . ①④

2. (2分) (2019高一上·六安月考) 2018年11月23日中午,中国人民银行发布今年第26号公告,决定于即日起陆续发行70周年纪念币和纪念钞一套。其中金质纪念币1枚,银质纪念币2枚,纪念钞1张,均为中华人民共和国法定货币。该货币()

①能收藏,但不能在市场流通

②可以充当商品交换的媒介

③纪念币的本质是一般等价物

④纪念币本身没有价值

A . ①②

B . ②③

C . ③④

D . ②④

3. (2分) (2017高一上·嘉兴期中) 2017年初动车票价普遍上涨3成,其主要原因之一在于动车提速所带来的电力机械损耗、安全保障、调度难度及服务质量等运营成本增加了。这说明()

A . 价值决定价格

B . 供求影响价格

C . 价格制约供求

D . 质量影响价格

4. (2分) (2017高一上·温州期中) 实现由“中国制造”到“中国创造”的跨越,推进自主创新,就要进一步营造鼓励创新的环境,培养世界一流的科学家和科技人才。从我国分配制度看,要使创新智慧竞相进发、创新人才大量涌现,就应()

①完善我国的基本经济制度

②大力发展非公有制经济

③坚持按劳分配和按生产要素分配相结合

④健全生产要素按贡献参与分配的制度

A . ①③

B . ①④

C . ②③

D . ③④

5. (2分) (2016高三上·杭州模拟) 十一国庆长假,王先生一家去北京旅游。去北京之前,他们用支付宝从网上成功订购了往返本地的高铁车票,并预定了宾馆,费用从他们的储蓄卡中扣除。这一过程包含的经济现象有()

①现金结算②信用透支③电子货币④转账结算

A . ①②

B . ③④

C . ①④

D . ②③

6. (2分) (2017高一上·宜春期中) 进入2017年,猪肉价格持续上涨。根据农业部公布的数据,到3月的第三周,全国猪肉零售价格已经达到每公斤28.6元。猪肉价格上涨带来的影响有()

①猪肉的消费量会大幅度下降②生猪养殖户会扩大生产规模

③鸡肉等肉产品需求量会增加④生猪养殖户会缩小生产规模

A . ①②

B . ①④

C . ③④

D . ②③

7. (2分) (2019高二下·黑龙江月考) 甲与乙是互补商品。甲商品的需求变化如图(P为价格,Q为需求量)所示,其它条件不变,能引起甲商品如图变化的是()

①生产乙商品的成本大幅度增加

②生产乙商品的社会劳动生产率提高

③乙商品的市场需求量减少

④乙商品的市场需求量增大

A . ①③

B . ②③

C . ①④

D . ②④

8. (2分) (2018高一下·南宁期中) “微信”是一款集音频、视频、图片、文字发送于一体的即时互动软件,成为时下最热门的网络社交平台。它的出现不仅改变了人们的社交方式,也创造出来全新的商业机会,腾讯公司也因此在移动互联网领域占据了新的制高点。这说明()

①生产决定消费方式

②消费对生产调整和升级起导向作用

③科技创新提升企业的竞争力

④满足消费需求是企业经营的直接目的

A . ①②

B . ②③

C . ③④

D . ①③

9. (2分) (2017高三上·遵义月考) 商业贷款利率总是要高于存款利率,这是因为()

A . 贷款可以增值,存款不会增值

B . 商业银行以利润为主要经营目标

C . 存款数额总是比贷款数额大

D . 贷款是发放出去的,存款是吸收进来的

10. (2分) (2017高一上·河池期末) 2017年11月28日,美国宣布对自中国进口的通用铝合金板发起反倾销补贴调查,我国商务部回应,中方将采取必要措施,维护中国企业的合法权益。为了缓解此类贸易摩擦,我国可以()

①对美国相关企业采取贸易报复措施

②运用世界贸易组织规则解决争端

③支持企业运用法律手段积极应诉

④加大对出口企业的财政补贴力度

A . ①②

B . ①④

C . ②③

D . ③④

11. (2分) 2014年福州市加大公共财政支持力度,城乡居民社会基础养老保险政府补助由每月55元提高到85元。这表明财政()

A . 促进国民经济平稳运行

B . 促进社会公平、改善人民生活

C . 在资源配置中起决定性作用

D . 促进社会总供给与社会总需求的平衡

12. (2分) (2017高三·湖南月考) 新型城镇化以人口城镇化为支撑,能推进消费主导转型与改革,充分释放国内需求潜力,已成为我国未来转型发展的突出优势和主要动力。请推断新型城镇促进向消费主导转型和实现农业现代化的路径()

①农民转为市民一从事第三产业一收入差距缩小一消费水平提高一消费主导转型

②农民转为市民一从事非农业产业一收入增加一消费扩大一消费主导转型

③劳动力从农业流出一农业耕地扩大一机械化程度提高一农业现代化

④劳动力从农业流出一农村土地集中一规模效益提高一农业现代化

A . ①②

B . ②④

C . ①③

D . ③④

13. (2分) (2017高一下·淮北月考) 2016年9月5日,二十国集团领导人第十一次峰会在杭州落幕。此次会议的主题为“构建创新、活力、联动、包容的世界经济”。为此,我们将继续维持稳定出口和扩大进口并重,加快服务业开放步伐,推动对外贸易平衡发展。这表明()

A . 经济全球化实质是互利共赢,促进贸易体系一体化

B . 世界各国都积极践行世界贸易组织非歧视原则和自由贸易原则

C . 我国已经成为全方位、宽领域、多层次的完全开放经济体系

D . 我国实行更加积极主动的开放战略,完善开放型经济体系

14. (2分) (2017高三上·潍坊期末) 党的十一届六中全会指出,我国社会主要矛盾是人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾。党的十九大提出,我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。社会主要矛盾的变化要求我们()

①适度提高税率,增强宏观调控能力

②推动科技创新,提高GDP增长速度

③贯彻绿色理念,推进生态文明建设

④实施精准扶贫,促进区域协调发展

A . ①②

B . ①④

D . ③④

15. (2分) (2019高一上·吉林期末) (科学精神、公共参与)在A市地铁站,王女士将矿泉水瓶放在站口“饮料瓶回收机”中,随后,在“手机话费、卡通充值、优惠券”等“返利”方式中,王女士选择了“手机话费”,0.1元就到账了。饮料瓶回收后会实现“瓶到瓶的循环”即加工为再生瓶,进入市场流通。这一“互联网+回收”的模式()

①决定消费方式,提升消费的质量和水平

②倡导循环经济理念,提升公众环保意识

③创造消费动力,引导产业结构不断升级

④创新商品价值实现方式,促进绿色消费

A . ①②

B . ②④

C . ②③

D . ③④

16. (2分) (2018高一下·吴忠期中) “四个全面”战略布局中,全面建成小康社会,是人民群众经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明各方面利益的整体性实现和发展;全面依法治国,是从法治高度保证人民当家作主,维护社会公平正义和人民利益。这彰显了()

①人民民主具有广泛性

②人民民主专政的本质是人民当家作主

③人民民主具有真实性

④我国人民的一切权益都受到法律保护

A . ①③

B . ②③

D . ①④

17. (2分) 2015年7月,十二届全国人大常委会第十五次会议表决通过的《全国人大常委会关于实行宪法宣誓制度的决定》规定,各级人民代表大会及县级以上各级人民代表大会常委会选举或者决定任命的国家工作人员,以及各级人民政府、人民法院、人民检察院任命的国家工作人员,在就职时应当公开进行宪法宣誓。实行宪法宣誓制度是()

①我国全面推进依法治国的一个重要举措

②全社会树立宪法权威的法律保障

③国家工作人员增强宪法观念的重要途径

④社会群众监督国家工作人员的一种手段

A . ①③

B . ①④

C . ②③

D . ②④

18. (2分)(2016·金华模拟) “村级民主恳谈会”顺应了人民群众的民主愿望,拓展了我国民主政治的生长空间,它是我国农村民主政治领域的一项重大创新。该创举有助于()

①进一步扩大公民的基本政治权利

②人民群众依法直接行使民主权利

③公民参与村级事务的决策与监督

④加强政府对村级事务的直接管理

A . ①②

B . ③④

D . ①④

19. (2分) (2016高三上·重庆月考) 人民政协根植于中国历史文化,产生于近代以后中国人民革命的伟大斗争,发展于中国特色社会主义光辉实践,具有鲜明中国特色。对人民政协理解正确的是()

A . 围绕民主和团结主题开展活动

B . 社会主义事业的领导核心

C . 服从中央人民政府的统一领导

D . 受人大委托,向人大负责

20. (2分) (2016高三上·沈阳期中) 近来,一篇《法治社会不容“微博先审判”》的文章引发关注,该文针对网络上一些民众对关注度较高的案件进行围观施压的做法提出委婉的批评,强调法治的程序性,提醒公众不能用偏激的观点去施压,甚至“绑架”法律的正当程序。该文的主旨强调()。

①公民权利不能凌驾于法律正当程序之上

②公民应该正确行使自己的基本民主权利

③要充分发挥舆论监督制度的高效性作用

④要坚持公民在法律面前一律平等的原则

A . ①②

B . ①④

C . ②③

D . ③④

21. (2分) (2017高二下·天津期中) 中国共产党执政要坚持“权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋”。这说明中国共产党()

A . 以科学执政作为执政的基本形式

B . 以全心全意为人民服务为宗旨

C . 是工人阶级的先锋队

D . 以实现共产主义为最高理想

22. (2分) (2017高二上·双流开学考) 2017年4月5日环境保护部宣布,将对京津冀及周边传输通道“2+26”城市开展为期一年的大气污染防治强化督查。此次强化督查是环境保护有史以来国家层面直接组织的最大规模行动。大气污染防治,需要各级政府部门()

①定目标、建机制、强监管,树立求真务实的工作作风

②广泛收集群众意见和建议,扩大公民监督权、决策权

③以法斗霾,进一步强化立法职能,提高依法行政能力

④立足国情、科学治理、分类指导,审慎行使行政权力

A . ①②

B . ①③

C . ①④

D . ②④

23. (2分) (2017高一下·永春期中) 当前公务员招录残疾人的大门正在开启:北京各级机关2016年公务员考试中,专设5个职位招录残疾人;上海也有9位残疾人通过专场招录;江苏也发文推进“机关事业单位带头预留岗位安置残疾人。公务员招录残疾人()

①尊重了公民的平等权,有利于促进社会公平

②尊重和保障了人权,有利于促进社会公平

③有利于推进公民的基本民主权利的实现

④能够调动残疾人积极性,确保公民当家作主

A . ①②

B . ②③

C . ①④

D . ③④

24. (2分) (2018高一下·南宁期末) 2018年3月11日,第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议经投票表决,通过了《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》。这说明()

①全国人民代表大会行使决定权维护宪法权威

②全国人民代表大会行使立法权推进依法治国

③全国人民代表大会行使表决权反映人民意志

④我国的社会主义法制在不断健全和完善

A . ①②

B . ①③

C . ②④

D . ③④

25. (2分)校园暴力配套法律、教育供给侧改革、高等教育建设等,是2016年全国政协委员就教育发展建言献策的关键词。这体现了人民政协()

A . 履行政治协商的职能

B . 履行参政议政的职能

C . 是爱国统一战线组织

D . 决定着国家大政方针

26. (2分) (2016高一下·任城期中) 2015年8月29日,全国人大常委会对《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》实施情况进行专题询问。8位委员对城乡饮用水安全、重金属超标、农业水源污染等问题向国务院相关负责人发问,国务院副总理和多位相关部长到会应询。这表明()

①国务院是全国人大的常设机关②人民代表大会制坚持民主集中制的组织活动原则

③全国人大常委会积极行使任免权和质询权④全国人大与国务院是监督与被监督的关系

A . ①③

B . ①④

C . ②④

D . ①②

27. (2分) (2017高一下·辽宁期中) 党的十八届六中全会强调,要重视民主党派和无党派人士提出的意见、批评、建议,鼓励党外人士讲真话、进诤言,完善知情、沟通、反馈、落实等机制;各民主党派和无党派人士要认真履行民主监督职能,对各级党政机关和领导干部贯彻情况开展民主监督,提出意见建议。这说明()

①各民主党派要自觉坚持党的全面领导

②人民政协是人民民主的重要实现形式

③中国共产党主动接受民主党派的监督

④协商民主是我国民主政治的独特优势

A . ①③

B . ①④

C . ②③

D . ③④

28. (2分) (2019高三上·哈尔滨期中) 为加快民族教育事业,内地省市根据国家要求认真落实对民族地区的教育对口支援工作。落实教育对口支援工作()

①是增进民主平等和民族团结的政治保证

②是贯彻我国处理民族关系原则的具体表现

③保障了少数民族地区学生受教育的权利

④体现了平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系

A . ①②

B . ②④

C . ①③

D . ③④

29. (2分)近年来,“中国威胁论”在欧美被分拆成不同的子项目,从“军事威胁论”“能源威胁论”“环境威胁论”“间谍威胁论”,到如今的“黑客威胁论”,不一而足。如果让你对“中国威胁论”这一说法进行反驳的话,你可以用到的观点是()

①我国的国家性质和国家利益决定了我国实行和平外交政策

②我国奉行独立自主的基本立场,坚决捍卫国家的独立和主权

③和平与发展是当今时代的主题

④我国外交政策的实践充分说明中国是维护世界和平稳定的积极因素

A . ①②

B . ①④

C . ②③

D . ③④

30. (2分)随着我国出国人员的增加,领事保护和领事协助问题日益增多。国家保护居住国外的侨民,是主权国家在行使()

A . 管辖权

B . 独立权

C . 平等权

D . 自卫权

二、非选择题 (共2题;共15分)

31. (10分) (2019高三上·静宁期末) 阅读材料,完成下列要求。

2018年7月,《人民日报》载文指出,在科技创新进程中不断完善法治,成为法治中国建设的一大特色。法治建设积极顺应科技发展潮流,确立一系列创新性制度安排。比如,各级政府广泛开通政务微博、微信公众号,利用网络及时发布信息,进一步完善政府信息公开制度。打通线上线下政务服务平台,连接各行各业不同部门信息系统,让群众在一张“网”上就能办事,“智慧政府”走进人们的生活。大数据、云计算、人工智能等新技术在给人们生产生活带来便利的同时,也产生技术风险和权利保护的不确定性等问题。比如,个人信息被过度收集,助长网络诈骗等违法犯罪行为;人工智能可能被恶意使用,制造虚假信息,破坏公共利益;等等。

(1)结合材料和所学经济知识,说明国家如何解决科技发展带来的问题。

(2)结合材料并运用政治生活知识,分析科技发展对法治政府建设的意义。

32. (5分) (2020高一下·四川月考) 阅读材料,完成下列要求。

中国经济发展进入新时代,这就要求贯彻新发展理念,推动经济高质量发展。

材料:2019年2月14日,国务院办公厅发布《关于深入开展扶贫消费助力打赢脱贫攻坚战的指导意见》。《意见》指出,消费扶贫是社会各界通过消费来自贫困地区和贫困人口的产品与服务,帮助贫困人口增收脱贫的一种扶贫方式,是社会力量参与脱贫攻坚的重要途径。近年来,很多地方通过发展乡村旅游观光、农业生产生活体验和农产品与电商结合销售等方式帮助贫困地区脱贫,积累了一些有益的经验,取得了良好效果。但是,消费扶贫模式在各地实施过程中也暴露出一些亟待解决的问題。比如,贫困地区的农业往往小而散,没有形成规模;产品质量不高,在储藏、保鲜、运输、包装等方而均存在一些问题;乡村游中的吃住行娱等方面的体验与消费者的心理预期也存在较大落差。

结合材料,运用经济生活知识说明政府推动对贫困地区进行消费扶贫的原因,并针对消费扶贫过程中出现的问题提出解决措施。

参考答案一、选择题 (共30题;共60分)

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二、非选择题 (共2题;共15分) 31-1、

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