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法律英语句式

法律英语句式
法律英语句式

法律英语中的一些句式和短语在其它文类、尤其在生活用语中极少使用。它们不仅是法律英语神秘化、象牙塔化以及普通读者对法律文书望而生畏的主要原因,而且也是法律文本翻译中的难题。

由于这些句式和短语在法律文本中频繁出现,为日后方便,我们把它们在不同上下文中使用方法提炼出来,供大家记忆使用。

I.OTHERWISE:

定义:

英文:under other circumstances; in another manner; differently; in other aspects

中文:以其它形式;在其它情况下;其它方面;其它方式

可组成的英文句型结构:unless (subject) otherwise (predicate)

可套用的中文句型结构:…除……另有……外?

句子成分:方式状语

放置位置:

(1)、主动语态:主语和谓语之间

(2)、被动语态:助动词和主动词之间

例句:

本条例中,除文意另有所指,…国家指拥有本身国籍法的一领域或一组领域。

In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires, …state? means a territory or group of territories having its own law of nationality.

根据第(1)款发出的通知书,除其中另有约定外,同样适用于通知书内所指明的财产的收入。

A notice under subsection (1) shall, unless it otherwise provides, apply to the income from any property specified therein as it applies to the property itself.

除非成文法另有规定,监禁刑期无论如何不得超过下表所列的最长刑期。

Unless in any enactment it is otherwise provided, the imprisonment shall not exceed in any case the maximum fixed by the following scale.

该词也常与or 连用时,词义为…以其它方式?,担任的句子成分仍然是方式状语,修饰谓语动词,例如:

如有两名或以上的人以合伙人或其它身份而属同一宗权力申索案中的被告人,法律程序文件可送达其中任何一人。

If two or more persons are defendants to a claim, as partners or otherwise, a process may be served on any of them.

任何人以恐吓、怂恿或以其它手段诱使证人或一方当事人不在仲裁委员会听证中作证,即属

犯罪。

Any person who by threats, persuasion or otherwise induces a witness or a party not to give evidence in any hearing before the Board commits an offence.

任何人不经本部同意而将根据第(1)款所发通知中指明的任何财产处置或以其它方式处理,或任何银行或吸储公司不经本部同意而将款项支付给他人,即属犯罪。

A person who disposes of or otherwise deals with any property specified in a notice under subsection (1) or a bank or deposit-taking company which pays any money to a person other than in accordance with the consent of this Department shall be guilty of an offense.

除上述情形外,otherwise 还常与than搭配组成另外一种英语句型,含义与…unless? 同,一般在否定句中使用,担任方式状语,修饰所在句子中的谓语动词,翻译汉语中的…不以……方式,?…除以……方式外?以及…除非?等句型时套用,例如:

除以下列方式外,任何遗嘱的全部或任何部分,均不得撤销——

7. No will or any part thereof shall be revoked otherwise than ____

üX

üX

üX

因otherwise than 仍然是一个表示方式的状语,因此上述省略的各项应以方式状语的形式列出。

遗嘱的全部或任何部分,无论以任何方式撤销后,除非按规定重新订立,不能恢复效力。No will or any part thereof, which is in any manner revoked, shall be revived otherwise than by its re-execution in accordance with law.

在法律英语中,other than 也可以用来表示…除……外?的意思,但与otherwise than 不同的是,它可以作为形容词修饰名词,而otherwise than只能作为副词修饰动词,例如:

除第3条所定罪行外,任何人犯下本部所定罪行,可以公诉程序或简易程序裁定。

Any person guilty of an offence under this Part, other than an offense under section 3, shall be liable on conviction on indictment or on summary conviction.

II.SUBJECT TO:

可套用的中文句型结构:根据……规定;在……条件下;在不抵触……的情况下;除……另有规定外;以……为条件, 受……的支配;须经;

句子成分:形容词短语组成的条件状语

放置位置:句首

后续词性:名词(一般都是agreement, section, contract等法律文件名或其中的条款

例如:

根据本节规定,上诉须按第5条规定的方式提出。

Subject to this section, an appeal shall be brought in a manner as provided for in Clause 5.

除第(3)款另有规定外,本庭具有查询、聆讯及裁决附表内所示权力主张的司法管辖权。Subject to subsection (3), the court shall have jurisdiction to inquire into, hear, and determine the claims specified in the Schedule.

在不抵触第(2)及第(3)款的条文下,刑期可以减半。

Subject to the provisions of subsection (2) and (3), the term of imprisonment may be reduced by half.

辨异:

1、Subject to 的基本含义是…受……的制约?。汉语中为了表达多样化,常常使用不同的表述形式,但万变不离其宗。我们前面提到的几种中文含义,都可以翻译成subject to这个常用法律短语。

2、当表达…除……另有规定外?这一中文含义时,subject to 后面直接用所指法律文件的名称,无需将…规定?二字翻译出来;而使用otherwise时,必须以从句的方式。

III.Without prejudice to

这是一个英语法律中常用的短语,含否定意义,与汉语法律文本中的…在不……的……下?,………不受影响?,…不妨碍(影响)……的情况下?等表达方式对等。例如:

在不影响本条规定的原则下,以下合同须视为正式签立。

Without prejudice to this clause, the following contract shall be treated as properly executed.

在不损害贵公司权力的原则下,本公司特授权贵公司或贵公司代理采取包括但不限于下列的任何行动。

Without prejudice to your powers, we hereby authorize you or your agents to take any actions including but not limited to the following:

在不妨碍国家行使监督权的情况下,各教区应按各自的教义进行宗教布教。

Without prejudice to the state?s right of supervision, religious instruction s hall be given in accordance with the tenets of the religious community concerned.

该集团雇佣的职员应安排在将其取而代之的私人企业中,他们的法律地位及其雇主的责任不受影响。

The staff employed by the group shall be given positions in the private enterprises that succeed to it, without prejudice to their legal status or the responsibility of their employer.

注意:这个词组中的to 为介词,后面跟名词,大多包括权力、义务、责任、规定、条文等内容。

IV. WHERE

在普通英语中,用where引导的状语从句,一般为地点状语从句,但在法律英语中,where 引导的是法律条款中的条件状语从句,相当于in the case where,在中文法律文本中出现…凡?、…如?、……的? 表示的条件状语时,英语译文用where开头的条件状语从句。例如:

凡雇员获准休息任何一段时间的年假,雇主必须于该段时间后的最后一个发薪日付给该雇员该段时间的年假薪酬。

Where an employee is allowed to take an annual leave for a certain period of time, the employer shall pay the employee annual leave pay in respect of that period not later than the day on which he is paid his wages after that period.

凡被告人被判处罚款而不随即缴付罚款,法官了命令对该被告进行搜查。

Where a defendant is fined and the same is not forthwith paid, the judge may order the defendant to be searched.

凡支出的效益仅与本会计年度相关的,应当作为收益性支出;凡支出的效益与几个会计年度相关的,应当作为资本性支出。

Expenditure shall be regarded as revenue expenditure where the benefits to the enterprise are only related to the current fiscal year; and as capital expenditure where the benefits to the enterprise last for several fiscal years.

凡因进行基本建设和生产建设需要的考古调查、勘探、发掘,所需费用由建设单位列入建设工程预算。

Where archaeological investigation, prospecting, or excavation have to be carried out for the purpose of capital construction or production-oriented construction, the expenses needed shall be included in the project budget of the construction unit.

o

如确有必要变更,应当将变更的情况、变更的原因及其对企业财务状况和经营成果的影响,在财务报告中说明。

Where changes are absolutely necessary,the changes and reasons therefor and their impact on an enterprise's financial position and operating results shall be indicated in the financial statements.

企业对外投资如占被投资企业资本总额半数以上,或者实质上拥有被投资企业控制权的,应当编制合并会计报表。

Consolidated financial statements shall be prepared by the enterprise, where it owns 50% or more of the total capital of the enterprise it has invested therein or owns the right of control over the invested enterprise.

比较:

如符合有关规定,也可采用加速折旧法。

If conforming to relevant regulations, accelerated depreciation method may be adopted.

如有未弥补亏损,应作为所有者权益的减项反映。

Deficit not yet made up, if any, shall be shown as a deduction item of owners' equity.

如城乡建设规划,各级人民政府应当根据文物保护的需要,事先由城乡建设规划部门会同文物行政部门商定对本行政区域内各级文物保护单位的保护措施,并纳入规划。

When drawing up plans for urban and rural construction, the people?s governments at various levels shall, on the basis of the requirements for the protection of cultural relics, see to it that protective measures for the historical and cultural sites protected at different levels within their own administrative areas are first formulated through consultation between the departments for urban and rural construction planning and the administrative departments for cultural relics, and include such measures in their plans.

辨异:

在法律英语中,where, when, if 都可以用来表达汉语法律条文中…如?或…如果?引导的条件,但他们之间存在以下区别:

where引导的条件状语从句正式程度高,法律文本特征显著

if 和when引导的条件状语从句正式程度低,而且还常常带有时间概念在内。

我们再看下面的句子:

发明专利申请人自申请日起满两年尚未被授予专利的,自第三年度起每年缴纳申请维持费。Where the applicant for a patent for invention has not been granted a patent right within two years from the date of filing, it or he shall pay a fee for the maintenance of the application from the third year.

在文物保护单位的保护范围内或者建设控制地带内建设污染文物保护单位及其环境的设施的,或者对已有的污染文物保护单位及其环境的设施未在规定的期限内完成治理的,由环境保护行政部门依照有关法律、法规的规定给予处罚。

Where a unit puts up, within the area of protection for a site under protection for its historical and cultural value or the area for the control of construction, facilities that pollute the site and its environment, or fails to bring under control, within the specified time limit, the existing facilities that pollute the site and its environment, it shall be imposed a punishment by the administrative department for environmental protection in accordance with the provisions of the relevant laws and administrative rules and regulations.

核定为文物保护单位的属于国家所有的纪念建筑物或者古建筑,除可以建立博物馆、保管所或者辟为参观游览场所外,如果必须作其他用途的,应当经核定公布该文物保护单位的人民政府文物行政部门征得上一级文物行政部门同意后,报核定公布该文物保护单位的人民政府批准;全国重点文物保护单位作其他用途的,应当由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府报国务院批准。国有未核定为文物保护单位的不可移动文物作其他用途的,应当报告县级人民政府文物行政部门。

Where it is necessary to use a memorial building or an ancient architectural structure owned by the State at a place verified as a site protected for its historical and cultural value for purposes other than the establishment of a museum, a cultural relics preservation institute or a tourist site, the

administrative department for cultural relics under the people?s government that has originally verified and announced it as such a site shall first ask consent of the administrative department for cultural relics at the next higher lev el and then submit a report to the said people?s government for approval; and where a major site protected for its historical and cultural value at the national level is to be used for other purposes, the people?s government of the relevant province, auton omous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall submit a report to the State Council for approval. Where the State-owned immovable cultural relics of a site not verified as …one protected for its historical and cultural value are to be used for other purposes, the matter shall be reported to the administrative department for cultural relics under the peoples government at the county level.

比较:

放火、决堤、爆炸。。。的,处10年以上有期徒刑。

Whoever sets fire, breaches dikes, causes explosions …..shall b e sentenced to no less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.

以暴力、胁迫或者其它手段强奸妇女的,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Whoever, by violence, coercion or otherwise rapes a woman is to be sentenced to no less than three years and no more than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment.

这是我国刑法英译本中的个案,严格来讲有点不论不类。根据英语为母语的国家法律,凡表示…。。。的?这一概念,绝大多数都使用where 引导的条件状语从句。如果要表达我国刑法中的许多类似上述例子的概念,特别是…任何人做什么都必须?,…任何人都不得?这两类最普遍的法律句式时,一般都使用any person (a person, a party, persons, parties, every person, every party, all persons, all parties, etc) who do es (is) …shall …这一标准法律句型,基本不用我国刑法译本中的whoever 这种句型。例如:

Any person who, on grounds of conscience, refuses to render military service involving the use of arms may be required to perform alternative service.

Any person who has attained the age of eighteen shall be entitled to vote; any person who has attained the age of majority may be elected.

Any person provisionally detained on suspicion of having committed a criminal offense shall be brought before a judge no later than the day following his arrest; the judge shall inform him of the reasons for the arrest, examine him, and give him an opportunity to raise objections.

No state which is a signatory member to this treaty shall withdraw without unanimous consent from other signatory members.

No person who is guilty of an offense shall get unpunished.

All parties who have signed this contract shall abide by it.

V. For the purpose(s) of; for; in order to

当我们英译中文法律文本中的…为了……?,…为了……的目的?,…以……为目的?,或…为……目的?等短语时,常常会满怀信心地使用for the purpose of 或者for the purposes of 这个英语短语。在现有的许多中国法律的英译本中,也经常使用这一表达方式。例如:

有下了情形之一,以非法占有为目的,在签订、履行合同过程中,骗取对方当事人财物,数额较大的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。

Whoever, for the purpose of illegal possession, uses one of the following means during signing or executing a contract to obtain property and goods of the opposite party by fraud, and when the amount of money is relatively large, is to be sentenced to not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, criminal detention, and may in addition or exclusively be sentenced to a fine.

而实际上,在原文为英语的法律文本中,使用这一短语表达汉语中…为了……目的?这个概念的情形基本不存在,这是因为母语为英语的法律人士,通常并不会把这个短语理解为…为了……目的?。例如:

For the purpose of the Landlord and the Tenant Ordinance and for the purpose of these presents, the rent in respect of the said premises shall be deemed to be in arrear if not paid in advance as stipulated by Clause 1 hereof.

基于租务条例并基于这些通知……

For the purpose of Section 37, the Department General may, either by notice in writing served by registered post or by notice in the Gazette, require any employer or class of employers to send to him or her all or any records of sickness days in respect of any period not exceeding two years preceding the date of the notice.

为施行第37条……

For the purposes of this Clause, permission shall be in writing.

就本条而言,许可须为书面形式。

For the purpose of this Law, …invention-creation? means inventions, utility models and designs.

我们从上述这些例句中可以看出,在法律英语中,for the purpose(s) of这个短语的真正含义是…就……而言?或…为施行……条款?或…为……条款的实施?,而不是汉语法律中…为了……目的?这个概念的对应。真正可以表达这个汉语概念的对应英语短语是in order to或for, 例如:

为了保护发明创造专利权,鼓励发明创造,有利于发明创造的推广应用,……,特制定本法。This Law is hereby formulated in order to protect patent rights for invention-creations, encourage invention-creations, facilitate their popularization and application……

VI. Provided that

这是法律英语中常用的一个古旧表达形式,用以表达汉语法律中的…倘若?,…如果?,…但?等意

义。如置于居首,其含义为…如?或…如果?;置于一个主句之后,即使是另起一段,其含义是…但?或…但是?,与前句陈述相反。例如:

香港特别行政区立法会由在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国公民组成。非中国籍的香港特别行政区永久性居民和在外国有居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民也可以当选为香港特别行政区立法会议员,但其所占比例不得超过立法会全体议员的百分之二十。

The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be composed of Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Region with no right of abode in any foreign country. However, permanent residents of the Region who are not of Chinese nationality or who have the right of abode in foreign countries may also be elected members of the Legislative Council of the Region, provided that the proportion of such members does not exceed 20 percent of the total membership of the Council.

在香港原有法律下有效的文件、证件、契约和权利义务,在不抵触本法的前提下继续有效,(但)受香港特别行政区的承认和保护。

Documents, certificates, contracts, and rights and obligations valid under the laws previously in force in Hong Kong shall continue to be valid and be recognized and protected by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, provided that they do not contravene this Law

除第17B 条另有规定外,根据本条例向本部提交的旅行证件可……:

但在本部就该项申请向提交旅行证件的人给与合理通知之前,法官不得聆讯根据本款提出的申请。

Subject to Subsection 17B, a travel document which is surrendered to this Department under this section may……:

Provided that a judge shall not hear an application under this subsection unless reasonable notice of the application has been given by this Department to the person who has surrendered the document.

在法律文本英译中,与…如果?对应的英语表达法可以是provided that, 也可以是if,但法律专业人士一般更倾向使用前者,而不愿意使用后者这类常人使用的…小词?;同样,…但?引导的转折条件状语从句也不用?but?这个小词,而是用provided that这个古旧表达方式。

VII. notwithstanding; in respect of;

汉语法律条文中用…尽管?和…即使?引导的让步状语短语,英译时用notwithstanding 这个普通英语中极为罕见的古旧词。例如:

即使任何法律或惯例有相反规定,在因第II部所定罪行而进行的法律程序中,法庭可就被控告人不宣誓提供证据一事加以评论。

Notwithstanding any law or practice to the contrary, it shall be lawful for the court in any proceedings for an offence under Part II to comment on the failure of the accused to give evidence on oath.

值得大家注意的是,notwithstanding不引导任何代主谓结构的从句,总是与法律名称或条款

一起使用。

汉语法律条文中表示一种与某个名词从属关系的…有关……的?或…对于……?,英译时使用in respect of 这个正式程度较高的短语而不用regarding, relating, in connection 等这些正式程度较低的短语,例如:

对于就受许可商标提起或拟将提起的诉讼或索赔,应许可方要求并由许可方支付费用,被许可方应给与许可方充分合作,包括作为当事人参与任何诉讼。

The Licensee shall, at the request of the Licensor and at the Licensor?s expense, give full cooperation to the Licensor in any action or claim brought or threatened to be brought in respect of the licensed trademarks, including joining in as a party to any proceedings.

基于租务条例并基于这些通知, 有关该楼宇的租金,如果未按照合约第一条所规定的那样提前缴付,即被视为拖欠。

For the purpose of the Landlord and the Tenant Ordinance and for the purpose of these presents, the rent in respect of the said premises shall be deemed to be in arrear if not paid in advance as stipulated by Clause 1 hereof.

为。。。根据。。。特制定本法(本条例)

This Law (These Regulations) is (are) formulated in accordance with … for the purposes of …

本法(本条例)中下列用语的含义:

The meanings of the following terms used in this Law (Regulations) are:

。。。的,由。。。

Where …, the … shall…

例如:

未经许可提供电子认证服务的,由国务院信息产业主管部门责令其停止违法行为。

Where a person provides electronic verification services without permission, the department in charge of the information industry under the State Council shall order this person to desist from the illegal act.

。。。是指。。。;本法所称。。。是指。。。

The … means …; The term “…” mentioned in this Law refers to …

。。。适用本法。(本法适用于。。。)

This Law shall be applicable to …

例如:

外国投资者在大陆地区设立独资、合资、合作企业,适用本法。

This Law shall be applicable to establishment of solely foreign-owned and/or Sino-foreign equity

and/or contractual venture(s) on the Chinese mainland.

。。。应当载明下列事项:

,,, shall specify the following items:

。。。构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

If the offense constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

有下列行为之一的,依法追究刑事责任。

Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

违反本条例规定,。。。的,责令其。。。,并处以。。。以上。。。以下罚款。

Any entity that, in violation of the provisions of these Regulations, shall be ordered to …and shall, in addition, be fined not less than…but not more than …

。。。另有规定的,适用其规定。

Where laws concerning... provides otherwise, such provisions shall prevail.

报。。。备案。

…shall be reported to …for the record.

。。。同时废止。

… shall be repealed simultaneously.

本法自。。。起施行。

This Law shall go into effect as of …

本合同用中文和英文写成,两种文字具有同等效力。上述两种文本如有不符,以中文文本为准。

This Contract shall be written in Chinese version and in English version. Both languages are equally authentic. In the event of any discrepancy between the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.

本协议一式两份,甲乙双方各持一份。

This Agreement is made in duplicate (triplicate). Party A and Party B shall each keep one original.

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法律英语:公司法常用的基本句型 1.A company director owes a fiduciary duty to the company。 公司董事应对公司负受托人的责任。 2.A company is regarded by the law as a person: an artificial person。 公司被法律认作为“人”:“拟制人” 3.An enterprise as a legal person shall conduct operations within the range approved and registered。 企业法人应当在核准登记的经营范围内从事经营。 4.He is a director appointed under the articles of the company。 他是一名按公司章程任命的董事。 5.Prior to application for registration, the share capital must be stipulated in the Articles and all shares must be subscribed。 在申请注册登记前,在公司章程中必须载明股本额,并且所有股份必须认购完毕。 6.The chairman was personally liable for the company's debts。 董事长对公司债务承担个人责任。

7.The company has complied with the court order。 公司履行了法院的命令。 8.The company has fulfilled all the terms of the agreement。 公司已经履行了全部协议中的条款。 9.The company intends to sue for damages。 公司打算提起赔偿之诉。 10.The company is controlled by the majority shareholder。 公司受控股股东的控制。 11.The company is presumed to be still solvent。 公司被推定有偿还能力。 12.The company is resisting the takeover bid。 公司正在抵制以接管为目的的高价征购股份。 13.The company's action was completely legal。 公司的行为完全合法。 14.The domicile of a legal person or other organization is at the place of its principal business establishment。 法人或其他组织以其主要办事机构所在地为住所。

口译十大经典句型

1.选择类经典句:leave sb. the choice of … or … 要么……,要么…… Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. 敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠,我们要么顽强抵抗,要么屈膝投降。 The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor. 年过三十,要么成婚,要么单身。 2.使动类经典句:be the instrument of sth. 引来某事物的人或事 The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. 全国同胞都在关注我们,如果我们有幸能够拯救他们脱离强加于身的暴政/把他们从强加于身的暴政中解救出来,那将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。 The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall 他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台 If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings. 能够让你幸福,我愿意付出我的一切。 3.回忆类经典句:it was the memories of 追溯到…… Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development. 追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会,可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。 4.假设类经典句:on the premise / ground / prerequisite / proposition / hypothesis

法律英语词汇大全(完美版)

法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 衡平法equity; law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice 等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith 行为act 作为ac 不作为omission 合法行为lawful act 违法行为unlawful act 民事权利权利能力civil right 绝对权absolute right 相对权relative right 优先权right of priority 先买权preemption 原权antecedent right 救济权right of relief 支配权right of dominion 请求权right of claim 物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权right of formation 撤销权right of claiming cancellation

【少儿英语自我介绍口语】【少儿英语自我介绍十大经典句型】

【少儿英语自我介绍口语】【少儿英语自我介 绍十大经典句型】 【少儿英语自我介绍口语】 【少儿英语自我介绍大经典句型】 我的名字叫李岚。 我的英文名字叫Lucy。 就叫我Lucy吧。 ’mtwelveyearsold、 我二岁了。 我是一名小学生。 我上的是春城小学。 我现在在学英语。 我非常喜欢英语。 我喜欢说英语。 我必须把英语学好。 【情景对话】 发挥你的想象力,你可以以任何人的身份进行想象,你可以想象各种各样的答案,只有想象力丰富,才能尽量接触到所有你可能想说的话,这样才可以最大限度地学会一切英语表述,做到随心所欲说英语。

---What’syourname? ---你叫什么名字? ---mynameisLiLan、 ---我的名字叫李岚。 ---What’syourEnglishname? ---你的英文名字叫什么? ---myEnglishnameisLucy、 ---我的英文名字叫Lucy。 ---canIcallyouLucy? ---我叫你lucy好吗? ---yes,justcallmeLucy、 ---可以,就叫我Lucy吧。 ---Howoldareyou? ---你多大了? ---I’mtwelveyearsold、 ---我二岁了。 ---Areyouaprimaryschoolstudent? ---你是一名小学生吗? ---yes, ---是的,我是一名小学生。 ---Wheredoyougotoschool? ---你在哪里上学?

---IgotochunchengprimarySchool、 ---我上的是春城小学。 ---Whatareyoudoingnow? ---你现在在干什么? ---IamlearningEnglishnow、 ---我现在在学英语。 ---DoyoulikeEnglish? ---你喜欢英语吗? ---yes, ---是的。我非常喜欢英语。 ---DoyoulikespeakingEnglish? ---你喜欢说英语吗? ---yes, ---是的。我喜欢说英语。 ---Whatshouldyoudonow? ---你现在应该干什么? ---ImustlearnEnglishwell、 ---我必须把英语学好。 【轻松演说】 情景对话的所有的答句连到一起,你就可以作精彩的即兴演说。这样的演说多了,你就可以长篇大论地说话或者自由演讲了。

法律英语单词表教学内容

LESSON 1 Contract law 合同法□□□□□□Property law财产法□□□□□□Trust law信托法□□□□□□Tort law侵权法□□□□□□Constitutional law宪法□□□□□□Criminal law刑法□□□□□□Administrative law行政法□□□□□□International law国际法□□□□□□Financial derivative market金融衍生产品市场□□□□□□Personal property动产□□□□□□Real property不动产□□□□□□Security担保(复数形式证券)□□□□□□Precedent先例□□□□□□Substantive law实体法□□□□□□Procedural law程序法□□□□□□Public law公法□□□□□□

Private law私法□□□□□□Criminal law刑法□□□□□□Civil law民法,大陆法□□□□□□Common law普通法□□□□□□Self defense自我防卫□□□□□□Duress强迫□□□□□□Stare decisis遵循先例□□□□□□Jurisdiction司法管辖权/法域□□□□□□The Exchequer财政诉讼法院□□□□□□The King`s bench王座法院□□□□□□Common pleas普通诉讼法院□□□□□□Manorial courts领地法院□□□□□□Baronial courts男爵法院□□□□□□Admiral`s(maritime) courts海事法院□□□□□□Guild同业行会,行会□□□□□□Forest courts王室猎场法院□□□□□□Writ书面命令,令状□□□□□□

法律英语的特点及翻译难点有哪些复习课程

法律英语的特点及翻译难点有哪些

法律英语的特点及翻译难点有哪些 近年来,随着对外法律文化交流的增多,为了让世界更多地了解中国的法律法规,我国每年都有大量的法律文献被译成外文。同时,为了向发达国家学习,我们也大量翻译外国的法律、法规以便学习借鉴。法律翻译作为翻译的一种,因法律英语独特的表达模式和规范与其他种类的翻译区别开来。它在词汇用语、句法结构上具有鲜明的特点,体现了法律语言的独特性。这里我推荐一个在线真人外教一对一的网站给大家——阿卡索外教网来辅助学习,它一节课15元,外教很不错,有欧美和菲律宾的,可以随意选择,上课体验很好,时间地点都可以自己安排,比较灵活方便,感兴趣的,可以去体验下他们的英语免费试听课。 本文试图以法律英语语言特点为切入点,探讨法律英语翻译的难点。法律翻译属于应用文体翻译的一种,涉及多个领域的知识。别于其他场合的语言,法律文本应属于庄重文本,是各体英语中正式程度最高的一种。法律语言呈现出以下特点: 1准确性和正确性 鉴于立法语言所表述的内容是全体公民的行为规范,同时也是司法人员的执法依据,立法者要通过语言文字的准确运用来表述国家的立法思想和具体的法律内容。因此,翻译时一定要反复推敲,做到用词准确,不产生歧义。 所谓准确性(precision),就是指内容表达清楚明了,用词准确无误,不产生歧义。正确性(correctness)是指用语恰当、符合、一致。为保持法律专业术语的稳定性及概念表达上的一致性,英美国家的法学界和司法界人士常常奉行的是坚持一贯的原则,结果既保留了法律英语惯有的表达方式,又明显地区别于其他行业用语。 2庄重性 法律代表着国家意志,是权力的象征,具有至高无上的权威性,法律英语即赋予正式和严谨的特点,表现出庄重性的特点。法律语言的庄重性主要体现在法律词汇的特殊性征上,反映在以下几个方面: (1)含有法律专业意义的普通词汇。 法律英语和普通英语的重要区别之一就是法律英语中用到的很多普通词汇往往具有专业特定含义。例如:prejudice指损害,counterpart指有同等效力的

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