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现在完成时讲解及练习(无答案)

现在完成时

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

3.基本结构：have/has + done

4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.

5.一般疑问句：have或has提前

对于初接触现在完成时的人来说，往往会产生一种茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。那就是，这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。其实不然，现在完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解现在完成时了。它主要适用于下面的几种情况：

1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作

By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。

She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。

2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作

Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？

3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续

It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。

1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。例如：

He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。）

He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。）

He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。）

He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时，这里说明动作的总和。）

He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. （现在完成进行时，强调动作的连续性。）2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。

例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.

I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.

3) 有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。

Be动词若是用于进行时态，可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如：

Tom is being a good boy today .汤姆今天很乖。

He is being childish .他这样做是耍孩子气。

You are not being modest .你这样说不太谦虚。

4）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题

A. 凡是"完成时态"都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如：just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。

B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而不知什么时候的以前。

C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以for表示的"一段时间"的状语连用。在这种情况下，应该用"It has been …；since…"的句式来表达。如：

He has joined the army for five years. （错误）

It has been five years since he joined the army.（正确）

能与现在完成时连用词语很多，如副词just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：

(1) since(自从)：不管用作介词、连词还是副词, 句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时：I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。

Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?

【注】有时可用其他时态的情况，但须注意：

①对于某些表示状态的动词(如seem 等)，或因语义等方面的原因，有时可能用一般现在时比较现在完成时更合适：

It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。

Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 从什么什候开始42元加5元的服务费等于48元了?

②若不是指从过去持续到现在，而是指从较远的过去持续到在一个较近的过去，则用过去完成时：

Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。(指从星期二至昨天未吃东西)

③表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时：

It’s ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已10年了。

(2) so far(到目前为止)：

So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。

We haven’t had any trouble so far. 到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何麻烦。

(3) in [for, during] the past [last] …years(在过去…年中)：

In the past two years I’ve seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他。

I have been here (for) the last [past] month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。

【注】在一定的上下文里，若是以过去时间为起点，也可用过去完成时。

(4) up to [until] now(到现在为止)：

Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。

I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。

(5) It’s [will be] the first time that…(第一次…)：

It’s the first time I’ve come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。

现在完成时练习

一、单项选择

1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、-Our country_____ a lot so far .

-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

9、-These farmers have been to the United States .

-Really ? When _____ there ?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone

10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished

Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish

11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

12、-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made

13、-How long have you ____ here ?-About two months .

Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began

15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?

A. so they

B. don't they

C. have they

D. haven't they

19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

20、His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

二、句型转换

3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory ________ for twenty years.

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce.

8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)

___________________________________________

三、汉译英

4、她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、她去过上海。

6、他这些天上哪儿去了？

人教版八年级下册现在完成时专项讲解

现在完成时现在完成时（present perfect tense）通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去，或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。 1.现在完成时结构 1.1.助动词have/has+动词过去分词。其中，助动词要随着主语的变化而变化，当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词要用“has”。例：Have you finished your work? He says that he has seen UFOs many times. 1.2.现在完成时的缩写形式：I have=I ’ve have not= haven’t has not= hasn’t 例：I’ve finished my work./He hasn’t finished his work. 1.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 例：----Have you finished your work?----Yes,I have./No,l haven’t. ----Have they arrived?----Yes,they have./No,they haven’t. 1.4.1.通过加-ed的形式来构成规则动词的过去分词，就像我们构成这些动词的过去式方法一样。大多数动词后+ed.如finish---finished. 以字母e为结尾的动词后+d,如change---changed. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，去掉y,再加ied.如carry---carried.

英语语法精讲精练：第2讲现在完成时-精选文档

第2讲：现在完成时现在完成时的定义：现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而与一般过去时相比，一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较: The plane has arrived. 飞机已经来了.(说明现在的情况,飞机在这儿.) The plane arrived an hour ago. 飞机是在一小时前抵达的(强调动作发生的时间.) 现在完成时的结构：肯定句: 主语＋have/has＋过去分词（done） Lily has returned from America. ★变否定句在have/has后面加not 主语＋have/has＋not+过去分词（done） Lily has not returned from America. ★变一般疑问句将have/has移到句首主语＋have/has＋not+过去分词（done） Has Lily returned from America? 肯定回答及否定回答：Yes，she has./ No， she hasn’t. ★变特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句特殊疑问词（how/what/why/when/where）＋have/has＋主语＋过去分词(done) Where has Lily returned from? 现在完成时的用法：在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如： I have already finished my homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven't started yet．他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。

英语现在完成时专项训练100(附答案)含解析

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中考中考英语总复习现在完成时专项及解析

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现在完成时讲解及练习(附答案)-名师精讲

现在完成时先看几个例句： 1. I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间。 2. He hasn’t finished his homework. 他还没完成作业。 3. Have you read this novel ? 你看过这本小说吗？ : make--- hurry---watch--- swim--- be--- talk--- want--- study--- stop--- take--- see--- like---

二、用法：1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了) They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have had my lunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿 2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态, I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时 3表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历. I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。) I have been there twice. 动词填空： 1._____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we __________(do) that already. When _______ you ______(do) it?

初三英语动词的现在完成时态精讲精练

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