061托福考题速递及答案解析

【重磅消息】614托福考题速递及答案解析︱口语、听力多题命中！！

2015-06-13

点击题目下方小马过河，关注马叔，轻松考托福

捷报！！！

小马听力首次预测就中标！

口语部分，独立和综合双双命中！

给小马机经组的老师点赞！

筒子们有木有认真复习呢！希望大家都能考的棒棒哒！

中标详情

独立口语一，6月13/14抢先版第40题

综合口语五，6月份题库第51题

听力L3命中13/14题库的第22题

最热题型命中情况：

独立口语部分命中口语二题型，

独立写作题型命中

下面我们一起来看看今天的考题！

非常感谢小马过河的吕竹林老师和刘立捷老师第一时间给童鞋们送来考题解析哦~

先跟竹林欧巴老师一起来看看今天的写作题：

独立写作

题目：

Playing sports teaches people important lessons about life.

今天考了一个运动类的话题的题目，此类话题上次出现是在2015年5月16日，题目是这样的：Common people spend a lot of time on watching sports in television or following their favorite sports team, and it has negative effects on their life.不知道各位还记不记得这个题目？

马叔温馨提示

马叔托福保分行动正在进行中！此次保分行动全部是由小马教龄3000小时+的资深牛逼总监级名师哦，5980￥保你单科25+，就是这么底气十足！老师们都是以提分为目的在虐你，你敢不敢加入呢？分数没达到，马叔退费哦！我敢承诺！你敢来吗！

有魄力的孩子请长按下面二维码入群咨询哦！

下面我们继续哈~~

这个题目我们依然可以选择同意它的说法，确实运动可以教会我们一些重要的人生道理！

先看开头！

In recent years, Chinese government has began to advocate people to participate in sports nationwide, which leads to an increasing concern on how sports affect the individuals’ quality of life. And the concern brings about the issue whether playing sports teaches people important lessons about the life. In my opinion, sports do help us to learn life lessons of great importance and I am

going to develop my argument by presenting three aspects of the influence of sports on people.

然后三个分论点摆出来：

1，

No one would deny the fact that sports teach us the value of teamwork. With the increasing complexity in today's tasks, dealing with problems alone no longer works. It is teamwork that brings individual's talent together and results in more effective work.

2，

In addition, there is no better way than playing sports to teach us the spirit of Never Give Up. Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're going to get.

电影《阿甘正传》里的名句：生活就像一盒巧克力,你永远不知道会得到什么。比赛不到最后一秒谁都不知道鹿死谁手，所以永不放弃就显得尤为重要，而playing sports正是教会我们这一道理最好的方式！

3，

At last, it has to be reminded that sports can enhance one's leadership. 这一点

就不用过多的解释了吧，如果你是一个运动队的队长，通过对这个队伍的管理，你的管理能力肯定会得到很大的进步，而这个能力在我们的生活和工作中都是非常有益的。

最后收尾：

In conclusion, sports do not only teach us to build up our body muscles but some more important qualities we need in our life.

还在纠结不知道怎么动笔的小伙伴们，拿去不谢！

综合写作

阅读观点：

A huge deserted boat called Mary Celeste was found by sailors in the ocean, but its captain and crew, altogether 10 people, have been missing. Several theories have been proposed to explain what happened to the 10 people who have been aboard the Mary Celeste.

1.One theory is that the crew of the Mary Celeste fell into victim of pirate. 被海盗劫持了。

2.Another theory is based on the fact that the Mary Celeste was transporting flammable liquid stored in barrels. 船上载着桶装的易燃液体。

3. The third theory asserts that the captain and crew may have determined that the ship was in danger of sinking. 船有沉没的危险，他们弃船逃生。

听力观点：

None of the theories in the reading is convincing.

1.The crew was not the victim of pirate. The pirates on the ocean area just wanted money, not the crew in the ship. But nothing in the ship is missing

except the captain and crew. The pirates demanded none of the things in the ship, so they would not take away the crew.

2.The ship could not have been transporting flammable liquid, because if it was transporting flammable liquid on aboard, the liquid may diffuse an unpleasant smell, which would linger for a long time. But there is no smell in the ship. If there was really smell, the crew could not tolerate it for such a long time.

3. The Mary Celeste was not likely to be sinking, for the reason that the ship was navigating on ocean for a few days, specifically it lasted a long time, and the ship was very expensive, so it could not be possible to be sinking. If it was really sinking, the captain and crew could abandon the huge ship and buy small boats on the way.

我觉得应该没有人比小马哥回忆得更详细了，你们随意感受。

再看口语！

口语部分

Task1

学校将会禁止学生带私人电脑去学校，请问好处和坏处是什么？

Task2

在summer break，学生是在学校里面上课好还是在校外take a rest或者take a job 好呢？

Task3

阅读题目To allow students to park in faculty parking lots

理由一：在教学楼附近找停车位特别难

理由二：老师的parking lots比较空

Task4:

题目是frustration tolerance

定义是children could continue to complete their tasks even though their initial attempts failed

听力：教授讲了自己儿子的例子。他儿子小时候经常玩积木，但是用积木搭tower经常会倒，倒了后儿子就会哭，就会frustrated，然后就会找教授来帮忙。每一次教授都会等几

分钟再过去，并且一次比一次间隔时间长，这样儿子就有时间自己去解决问题。渐渐地他儿子就可以自己把积木搭好。

Task5

一个女孩已经答应了男生帮他去复习第二天十点的化学考试，但是她忘记了。她买了今晚school play的tickets

解决方案一：这个女孩第二天早上八点帮男孩复习，但是八点距离十点太近了。

解决方案二：把今晚的play放弃掉，缺点是她本来要在play见一些朋友。并且已经买了

tickets,不过tickets不是很贵。

Task6

Animals live in groups interact with each other,这叫social interaction.有两种

interaction。一种是complex social interaction，就是animals would interact very

actively in this kind of social interaction.例子是elephants。如果一个大象生病了，

另外的大象就会照顾它，给它充足的水和食物，这样渐渐大象就康复了第二种是simple social interaction，就是animals互相之间的interact不是actively的。例子是鱼。鱼互相之间也不交流，所以自己群体里的鱼互相也不认识。

听力部分五星级重点

这次的听力咱们小马的机经可是中标了的哦！一起来看看！

相信能就一定能

今天的解析就到这啦！希望大家都能取得好成绩！

老托福阅读真题及答案解析

老托福阅读真题及答案解析 托福从听、说、读、写四方面进行英语能力全面考核。托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。 Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment. In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 1. What is the main idea of the passage ? (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment. (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. (D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation. 2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to

历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案

0308 托福试题 阅读( 55minutes ) Question 1-11 seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15) structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen If food is allowed to stand for some time, putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful spontaneous generation microbiologist Louis showed that structures present in air closely found not that it to be seen in such process by which of the theory of French chemist and opponent was the Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur resemble the microorganisms

新托福听力经典加试完整版

新托福听力经典加试完整版

新托福听力经典加试完整版 第一篇：关于鸟的迁徙的论文写作 Conversation: Student having difficulties in writing term paper ?文章回顾 男student: Professor, I hope to discuss my term paper with you. I got stuck in writing the paper on bird migration. I have difficulties in finding enough materials about bird migration. (老师，今儿，我想跟你说说我的学期论文的事儿。我卡住了，找不到这方面的资料。) 女Professor: You can’t find enough material on bird migration?(语调上扬，最后一题，重听题的考点。) 男student: I want to write about early bird migration.( 要写的paper是关于古代鸟类迁徙的，所以资料不够。) 女Professor: “哦你确实找到了一个好的题目，但是你要知道我的要求是你们的论文要反映你们这学期学了什么。”

男 student: 想写关于Aristotle关于这个题目的看法 etc. 女Professor: I want you to apply what you’ve learned to your paper. (希望他们运用所学知识研究来完成paper.) 不要只是做 summary or description. 我想要看到你的special analysis. 男 student: 但是，我觉得我找的资料中有错误的。（I think ….wrong）这就是为什么我不想用资料。 女 Professor: 你不要完全放弃以前找的资料（discard）. 你可以换种想法，用rational 的方式。这就是我们说的critical thinking，不一定非要同意资料。可以写以前的(historically) old theory, 然后现在的这些新研究 (current research) 如何支持(support)或者驳斥这些theory. 男 student: 我想可以写bird migrate at night。人们大多只看到大鸟，所以认为小鸟在大鸟的翅膀下迁徙什么的，其实新发现是因为小鸟晚上飞(通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图change the topic from ancient to recent)

托福口语真题分析与范文

2017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why. l A theater performance by the student actors l A concert provided by professional musician l A lecture from a professor Sample Answer: Well, as a student, I will choose a theater performance by the student actors. For one thing, this kind of activity will improve their cooperation skills. To be more specific, a theater performance includes the whole process of organizing, participating, and promoting an event. Whether the student director or the actor take the responsibility to achieve his/her duty, so this is a great opportunity for them to learn how to deal with other people. Moreover, a performance could greatly inspire them to be more creative. I mean, in order to make a good show, students may have lots of difficulties to cope with, so they have to be flexible to face any emergency. As a result, they may come up with lots of new ideas to make it. Because of these two reasons, I believe this is the best choice. (140 words) Task 2 Friends may disagree with each other, and still maintain friendship. Do you agree with or disagree with this idea, why Sample Answer: Of course I agree with this idea. Firstly people are bound to be different. We have various family background as well as education background even though we are friends. So it is quite naturally that there come up different ideas toward one problem. For example I like watching movie in the movie theatre while my best friend Amy hate sitting in the dark place. But I never require her to go with me; we are still very close friends. Also, the friend who holds a different attitude with me sometimes could inspire me to think from another way. Maybe a very sharp discussion can lead me to an inspiring idea. After all, the experiences and knowledge of one person is limited. For me, I like the friend who are differ from me. (132 words) Task 3 阅读 标题：Create a Student Magazine 原因1： Students spend a lot of time on their paper, and some of them have high quality. So we need a magazine to publish those good quality papers.

2019托福阅读考试真题(3)

2019托福阅读：模拟试题及答案解析（6） 【托福】 Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China." Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it

READING托福阅读经典加试

READING 1.苏美尔文明 Mesopotamia的背景：美索不达米亚亚洲西南部 Tigris 和Euphrates 两河流域间的古王国,美索不达米亚古代西南亚介于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的一个地区，位于现在的伊拉克境内。可能在公元前5000年以前就开始有人在此定居。这一地区孕育了众多的人类早期文明，其中包括苏美尔文明、阿卡德文明、巴比伦文明和亚述文明。蒙古侵略者在 公元1258年破坏了该地区发达的灌溉系统之后，这一地区的重要性就此减小。其中巴比伦文明以其成就斐然而成为两河流域文明的典范，古巴比伦王国与古埃及、古印度和中国构成了人们所说的世界四大文明古国。 尼罗河文明：发源于非洲尼罗河（Nile）流域，又称古埃及文明，其历史也可追溯到公元前4000年。公元前3100年左右，上埃及国王美尼斯统一上下埃及，开始了史称的埃及王朝时期，也就代表了古埃及文明的正式开始。 美索布达米娅文化Sumerian civilization 第一段：美文化和埃及文化同时，但因为美的地域限制一直没有统一。（有题）平原，经常受到入侵，四周沙漠，生活好，不统一。开头，it isastonishing that...两个地方在同一时间产生了两种文化，并且互有交流。一个是尼罗河的埃及文化，一个是两河流域的M地文化。埃及文化仰仗尼罗河，河水孕育了富饶的土地，两岸有沙漠作为自然屏障。M地不一样，河水土地narrow and shallow,周围没有起保护作用的天然屏障 第二段：直到一种S人来统一，说了他们的来源和历史，他们建立了一种s文化 第三段：S文化的实物遗迹少，这又两方面原因：一当地石料不丰富二当地人没有厚葬的习惯。所以对S的了解主要基于文字。当初美索不达米亚的居民生活好像挺好的，所以一直没有人提出统一的想法，很久以后才有，可是由于大量的花费在战争上什么的，很快就覆灭了。由于当时的环境条件，那里的人们都用泥土/木头盖房子，所以和埃及不一样，现在我们没找到什么当初留下的建筑物。 我们现在还挖出了许多陶器石板，上面刻着文字，只能通过这些推知历史。后来又变成什么苏美尔了，这是从外面迁徙过来的民族。 第四段：在S文化中最重要的是宗教，每一个城市有一个local god, god无比神圣拥有一切，代表本城在她的fellow中议事。（有题）社会的经济市场就是以寺庙为中心，由牧师组织交易，所以很多的牧师纪录都与此有关。 Mesopotamia culture一种civilization（文明社会）还和埃及比较了一下。关于两河civilization和Egyptcivilization（埃及社会）的。他们同时存在，有交流，但没有一方压倒另一方。Egypt的体制根两河的政治体制不一样，一个united under 一个联合体制下，另外一个则由于地理条件的制约不存在united format联合体制。另外两河的文明很少有tangiblesubstance （确实的物质）留下来，因为他们的architecture structure（建筑结构）与Egypt不一样，对他们文字的研究也是通过发掘fragment（碎片）的方法研究的。还讲了两河的local lord（封建地主）,这人不是fiction的，他对他那个city state具有很大的

托福真题(附答案)

Section Two: Structure and Written Expression 1. crumbles readily when exposed to a moist, acid atmosphere, but the stone is durable in adry atmosphere. (A) The surface of marble is (B) The surface of marble, which (C) Although the surface of marble (D) The surface of marble 2. By using their trunks, elephants can tell the shape of an object and is rough or smooth, orhot or cold. (A) it (B) whether it (C) how (D) since it 3. In 1989 Carret Hongo was chosen as for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry. (A) his being one of the finalists (B) to be one of the finalists (C) one of the finalists (D) the one finalist who 4. The Moon is much closer to Earthis the Sun, and thus it had greater influence on the tides. (A) unlike (B) than (C) but (D) where 5. The brain of an average adult is one of the largest organs of the body, about three pounds. (A) weighs (B) is weighed (C) weighing (D) to weigh it 6. Throughout history different representations for numbers and for the basic process ofcounting. (A) have been many (B) there have been many (C) many (D) when many 7. Democratic governments constantly face the problem of balancing the individual with theneeds of society. (A) the rights of (B) to the rights for (C) for the rights to (D) with the rights by 8. Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states the Constitution of the UnitedStates. (A) ratified (B) ratify (C) to ratify (D) have ratified 9. The chemical composition of sandstone is the same as (A) that of sand (B) that sand is (C) sand is that (D) what of sand 10. Hydrofoils can exceed 75 miles per hour, as compared with conventional watercraft, whosemaximum speeds approach 50 miles per hour. (A) are rarely (B) rarely (C) of rarely (D) they rarely 11. It was novelist and poet in 1968 founded Jackson State University's Institute for theStudy of the History, Life, and Culture of Black People. (A) Margaret Walker did (B) Margaret Walker (C) Margaret Walker who (D) Margaret Walker and 12. Before the Europeans arrived, American Indians were using virgin copper into ornaments,knives, and other artifacts. (A) Which was hammering (B) which hammered (C) was hammered (D) hammered 13. In western North America, form the Great Divide, which separates the areas fromwhich waters flow either eastward to the Atlantic or westward to the Pacific. (A) the Rocky Mountains (B) where the Rocky Mountains (C) the Rocky Mountains in which 1

历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案

0308 托福试题 阅读（55minutes） Question 1-11 If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.1 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originated from the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that

托福听力经典加试完整版

第一篇：关于鸟的迁徙的论文写作 Conversation: Student having difficulties in writing term paper 1.文章回顾 男student: Professor, I hope to discuss my term paper with you. I got stuck in writing the paper on bird migration. I have difficulties in finding enough materials about bird migration. (老师，今儿，我想跟你说说我的学期论文的事儿。我卡住了，找不到这方面的资料。) 女Professor: You can’t find enough material on bird migration?(语调上扬，最后一题，重听题的考点。) 男student: I want to write about early bird migration.( 要写的paper是关于古代鸟类迁徙的，所以资料不够。) 女Professor: “哦你确实找到了一个好的题目，但是你要知道我的要求是你们的论文要反映你们这学期学了什么。” 男student: 想写关于Aristotle关于这个题目的看法etc. 女Professor: I want you to apply what you’ve learned to your paper. (希望他们运用所学知识研究来完成paper.) 不要只是做summary or description. 我想要看到你的special analysis. 男student: 但是，我觉得我找的资料中有错误的。（I think ….wrong）这就是为什么我不想用资料。 女Professor: 你不要完全放弃以前找的资料（discard）. 你可以换种想法，用rational 的方式。这就是我们说的critical thinking，不一定非要同意资料。可以写以前的(historically) old theory, 然后现在的这些新研究(current research) 如何支持(support)或者驳斥这些theory. 男student: 我想可以写bird migrate at night。人们大多只看到大鸟，所以认为小鸟在大鸟的翅膀下迁徙什么的，其实新发现是因为小鸟晚上飞(通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图change the topic from ancient to recent) 女Professor: That shows your thinking. （对，这样就是我们需要的思考能力） 男student: 我想写一种不迁徙而是冬眠的鸟。I want to write about the birds that do not migrate. They hibernate during winter. 女Professor: 如果我是你，我就不会在一份15页的论文中写这么多。（If I were you , I would not….. The paper is 15 pages…）不过，想法挺不错。建议你以后每周(in a week)都来找我，看一下他写论文的新的方向（new direction）进行得如何。 2.题目 问题一：Why does the student go to see the professor? 答案：C（3）he cannot find enough material in writing his paper. 问题二：How does the professor help the student? 答案：A（1）change the topic from ancient to recent 问题三：学生的论文中包括什么？ 答案：1. ANALYSIS 2.教授的建议 问题四：Why does the student mention night migration ？ 答案：A (1) 通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图he understands what the teacher said. change the topic from ancient to recent. 问题五：listen again（女Professor说的：啊，你没找到鸟类迁徙的资料？） 答案：B (2) 教授认为找资料很简单(…is easy….) 第二篇：关于植物的分类，用大王花举例 Lecture: Rafflesia 3.文章回顾 教授一开始就介绍植物分类，提到分类中的species种，genus属，order目。说植物的classification 很难，一些特性比较特殊的植物特别是这个样子。提出植物的分类不能完全依靠它flower的形态和特性。提到Rafflesia(大王花)，开花石会散发腐臭的味道，以吸引蝇类传播花粉。但是Indonesia有一种植物M，它的flower很特别，超级大（图片显示它的直径有一个手臂这么长，颜色为绛红），有难闻的味道，最后发现他们不是一个order 的。 大王花生长在很恶劣的环境中，其它的植物都不能生长（题目一：它生长在什么样的环境当中?）这种植物有食物的来源，但是它还是会抓insect吃，因为它不能从土壤中得到足够的营养，所以要通过这种方式来获取所需的营养（题目二：为什么吃虫?） 然后教授说了它怎么抓虫的。经过很长时间的研究，专家发现它和violet(紫罗兰)、willow(柳树) 等是属于一个order的，后提到幼时的violet，也会散发那种smell的。 提到共存（考题）。另一种南美洲的植物和它是同一目的，但是花很小，味道也不难闻，与蓝莓共生coherent。学生提问不能测DNA 吗，教授说这种大花基本不进行光合作用，没法提取一般植物能提取到的DNA。在DNA分析技术成熟之前根本无法将他们并为同类，由于他们的特征差异太大。 教授还提到这种植物的交配不易，其一气味难闻致使传蜜的动物不易接近，其二它每年只开一次花，且花分雌雄。所以要这么多先天条件凑齐不易，所以很少有人有机会看到开花的全过程（考题）。结论，不可以貌取人。 后来又讲了这种花很有可能灭绝，原因是要fly帮忙运花粉，要同种的花在一起等等，要这些条件同时发生，是小概率事件。 题目 问题一：What is the main topic of this lecture? 答案：是说分类很难，尤其是特征很变态的 问题二：大王花的特点 答案：1. HUGE 2. 让FLY来传粉 问题三：教授说M植物属于B类的，是什么意思？ 答案：M植物与大王花不是同一类的

老托福阅读真题及答案解析

老托福阅读真题及答案 解析 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

老托福阅读真题及答案解析 托福从听、说、读、写四方面进行英语能力全面考核。托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。 Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment. In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 1. What is the main idea of the passage (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment. (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. (D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.