时态现在完成时
Present perfect Tense & Present perfect continuous Tense
Preview Sheet
Present perfect Tense谓语构成：
_________________________
现在完成时用法
1、表示过去发生的事情但影响到目前或将来。
*I have just cleaned my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。
（cleaned是发生的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）。
2、表示过去重复发生的动作也可以在将来重复发生
*He has handled every situation well. (we expect him to continue.)
3、表示过去的动作不发生在过去但可能发生在将来，要使用否定式 not 或者 never
*Yao hasn't returned to China since joining the Rockets.
4、表过去开始的动作一直延续的到现在的，用时间状语连词for或者since.
*I have been here for just over two years．我到这里才两年多。
用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例： It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我第一次到访这个城市。
---Do you know our town at all
---No, this is the first time I have been here.
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
例：This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.
这是我第一次听他唱歌。
现在完成进行时的用法
一、现在完成进行时的构成方法
现在完成进行时由“_______________________________”构成。
二、现在完成进行时用法说明
表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止：He_________________ television all day.
他看了一天电视了。
He _________________ this work for three years.
这工作他已干了三年了。
It _________________ since last Sunday.
自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。
现在完成进行时、现在完成时 & 过去时的区别
I 都可表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果：
★现在进完成进行时：have/ has + been + V 进行时表示的结果是直接：
. have been cleaning the classroom.我们打扫教室来着
(其直接结果可能是：1.我们身上都是灰, 2.教室刚刚打扫.)
2. Be careful! John has been painting the door.
约翰刚刚把门油漆过，(现在油漆还未干)，所以你要小心。
★现在完成时：have/ has ＋V.过去分词表示的是最后的结果：
. 1. We have cleaned the classroom．我们把教室打扫过了
(其结果是：1.现在教室很清洁，可以用了。2.可能表示教室是昨天打扫的)
has painted the door．
约翰已经把门油漆过。（油漆可能已干了）。
★过去时Past Tense：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只是陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。
. We cleaned the classroom．
我们打扫教室过。(强调的是打扫教室的事情)
II 现在完成进行时通常表示动作有延续性（一直），而现在完成时往往没有。★现在完成进行时：（表示动作延续到现在还在进行，没有完成）
1、I have been waiting for a letter from my parents.
我(一直)在等我父母的来信。
2、It has been raining for three hours.
雨（一直）下了三个小时了。
3、We have been studying here since 2004.
自从2004年以来，我们(一直)在这里学习。
4、They have been widening the road.
他们（一直）在加宽马路。（但尚未完工）
★现在完成时：（表动作已经结束）
1、I have waited for a letter from my parents.
我在等我父母的来信。（可能已经等到）
2、It has rained for three hours.
雨（已经）下了三个小时了。（可能停了）
3、We have studied here since 2004.
自从2004年以来，我们在这里学习。
★过去时：表述以前发生的事情，对现在没有关系。）
1、I waited for a letter from my parents.
我等我父母的来信。（只说过去发生的事情。）
2、It rained for three hours.
雨（已经）下了三个小时了。（表昨天以前的一场雨。）
3、We studied here in 2004.
2004年我们在这里学习。（这里不可以和since 连用）
4、They widened the road.
他们加宽马路。（只是说过去发生的事情，动作没有对现在没有影响。）
III 现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。
例1 a）What have you been doing
b）What have you done
a句表示惊异。 b句只是一个问题。
例2 a） I have been wanting to meet you for long．
b） I have long wanted to meet you．
a比b更亲切，更有礼貌。
例3 a） Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly．
b） Recently Mary has done her work regularly．
a句显然是在表扬玛丽。 b只说明一个事实。
例4 a） Who's been eating my apples
b） Who's eaten my apples
a句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满，兼有进行时态，所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思
b句只是希望回答的一个问题。是完成时态，说明“苹果一个不剩了”。
After-class Consolidation Sheet
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1 They __________ (move) to the south in 1990 and __________ (live) there since then.
2 Eric _________ (leave) home last year and ___________ (just come) back.
3 Justin _________ (be) away from home for several days. He __________(disappear) last Friday.
4 They ___________(buy) this house three years ago and they __________ (live) here since then.
5 My brother __________ (go) to see my grandpa last week. He __________ (visit) him three times this month.
二、选择填空
1. ______ that dress when I first saw you at the station
A. Were you wearing
B. Have you worn
C. Did you wear
D. do you wear
2. ―Kate doesn’t look very well. What’s wrong with her
―She has a hea dache because she ______ too long; she ought to stop work.
A. has been reading
B. had read
C. is reading
D. was reading
3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We ______ our essays.”
A. write
B. have been writing
C. are writing
D. have written
4. My uncle, Sam,______ manager of the firm.
A. has just made
B. is just being made
C. has just been made
D. is just made
5. This is the first time the students ______ to Hyde Park.
A. have gone
B. have been
C. have been going
D. are being gone
6. She ______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital.
A. is doing
B. has been doing
C. has done
D. has been done
7. Now that you ______ , what are you going to do
A. are being returned
B. have been returning
C. have been returned
D. have returned
8. I ______ the incident as if it were yesterday.
A. am still to remember
B. have still been remembering
C. am being still remembered
D. still remember
9. －Where_____ the map I can’t see anywhere.
－I ______ it right here just now.
A. did you put; have put
B. have you put; put
C. had you put; was putting
D. were you putting; have put
10. John told Mary that he ______ what he was doing during the vacation.
A. was just asked
B. was just asking
C. had just been asked
D. had just asked
11. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I ______ there ever since.
A. was
B. had been
C. will be
D. have been
12. We ______ fine weather for the past few days.
A. have
B. are having
C. have been had
D. have been having
13. It ______ every day so far this month.
A. is raining
B. rains
C. has rained
D. has been rained
14. By the end of last year they ______ 1,000 machines.
A. turned out
B. had turned out
C. would turn out
D. had been turned out
15.―Don’t put the waste on the ground.
―Oh, I’m very sorry. I ______ the dustbin there.
A. don’t see
B. isn’t seeing
C. didn’t see
D. haven’t seen
16. Good heavens! There you are! We _________ anxious about you. We _____ you back much earlier all through the night.
A. are; expect
B. were; had expected
C. will be; are expecting
D. have been; were expecting
17. Although medical science ____ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.
A. achieved
B. has achieved
C. will achieve
D. had achieved
18. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _______ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B have got lost C. be missing D. get lost
19. Customers are asked to make sure that they _____ the right change before leaving the shop.
A. will have
B. have been given
C. have given
D. will be given
20 ---- ______ leave at the end of this month.
----I don’t think you should do that until ______ another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll found
D. I’ll; you’d found
英语现在完成时态讲解学习资料
现在完成时 一、定义：表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响 表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下，也有可能延续下去 表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。 二、构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的， 其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。 如：I have just cleaned my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示：在现在完成时的各种结构中，have, has均为助动词，无实际意义，只起构成时态的作用，不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词： AAA型 原型过去式过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut
最新英语时态：现在完成时和现在完成进行时区别、过去完成时及现在完成时区别
现在进行时和现在完成进行时区分： 区分have done和have been doing,我们需要从两个方面来讨论： 一、完成时态和完成进行时态本身意义的差别； 二、要结合动词的不同延续特点.首先我们来看两种时态的意义差别 两者根本区别是：完成进行时强调动作持续的过程(emphasis on duration),完成时强调动作的结果或成就(emphasis on achievement).具体来讲,现在完成进行时have been doing强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性,强调的是动作本身.现在完成时have done则是强调动作产生的结果或取得的成就,而不是动作本身.二者的这种区别我们从下面的这些例句可以很好地领悟到：(2) a. My hands are very dirty. I’ve been painting the house. b. I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now it’s green. 思维分析： 句a中have been painting表示painting动作一直在持续,活动还没有结束,所以才有my hands are very dirty这样的现状.句a意思是“我的手很脏,我现在一直在给房间刷漆”. 句b中have painted表示painted动作已经结束,而且动作导致的结果是the house was white, but now it’s green房间现在是绿色的了. 现在完成时表示动作业已完成, 而完成进行时却不一定如此 I’ve made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕.（已做好） I’ve been making a cake. 我一直在做一个蛋糕. （不一定做好了 She’s painted a picture. 她画了一幅画.（已画好） She’s been painting a picture. 她在画一幅画.（可能还没画好） 强调时间长度用完成进行时比较好：I’ve been coughing all night. 我咳了一整夜.（比I’ve coughed all night. 更能强调咳得久） All the time she’s been sitting there in silence. 她一直静坐在那里. All these years we’ve been trying to get in touch with him. 这些年来我们一直在设法和他联系. 许多静态动词都只能用于完成时而不能用于完成进行时： I’ve known that for a long time. 这事我已经知道很久了. The strike has lasted six months. 这次罢工已经持续了6个月. Nobody has seen him since last week. 从上周起就没人见到过他. raise in salary all the time. 他一直盼着加薪. 但当意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时： I’ve been thinking of doing so for a long time. 我好久以来一直想这样做 .Tom has been seeing about a work permit for you. 汤姆一直在设法帮你取得工作许可证. 有少数动词用两种时态都可以,意思差别不大,如： They have been working very well this term. 这学期他们学习很好. They have worked very well this term. It has been raining for two hours. 下了两个小时的雨. It has rained for two hours. 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人
现在完成时趣味讲解
现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是：现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑：究竟是不是完成时？ 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上，我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的，学生们能够较好的理解这一说法，并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段，多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词， 比如以下的这些句子（均摘录自人教版教材）：
Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum? I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志，无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣，我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握：以前（before）从来不（never）出现，最近（recently）曾经（ever）一两遍（once/twice/many times…）, 自从（since+时间点）刚刚（just）for一段（for+一段），至今（so far/up to now）已经（already/yet）很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中，教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及（since/for）的区别着重分章节讲解，让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中，我们可以看到：“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括”现在“在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如：
时态 现在完成时
Present perfect Tense & Present perfect continuous Tense Preview Sheet Present perfect Tense谓语构成： _________________________ 现在完成时用法 1、表示过去发生的事情但影响到目前或将来。 *I have just cleaned my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。 （cleaned是发生的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）。 2、表示过去重复发生的动作也可以在将来重复发生 *He has handled every situation well. (we expect him to continue.) 3、表示过去的动作不发生在过去但可能发生在将来，要使用否定式not 或者never *Yao hasn't returned to China since joining the Rockets. 4、表过去开始的动作一直延续的到现在的，用时间状语连词for或者since. *I have been here for just over two years．我到这里才两年多。 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 例：It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次到访这个城市。 ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I have been here. 2）This is the…that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. 例：This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 现在完成进行时的用法 一、现在完成进行时的构成方法 现在完成进行时由“_______________________________”构成。 二、现在完成进行时用法说明 表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止：He_________________ television all day. 他看了一天电视了。 He _________________ this work for three years. 这工作他已干了三年了。 It _________________ since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。 现在完成进行时、现在完成时& 过去时的区别 I 都可表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果： ★现在进完成进行时：have/ has + been + V 进行时表示的结果是直接：
现在完成时态讲解及练习
现在完成时态讲解及练习 一、现在完成时的构成 肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下 : 1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将y 改i 加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 二、ABB （过去式和过去分词一致） 3) 过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d 6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt
二、现在完成时标志词： recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)
初中英语动词时态和语态讲解
初中英语动词时态和语态讲解 动词的时态和语态 （一）动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. c.The earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea. 注：”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于…..” a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used tomming in winter. 3.一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。 It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today.
(word完整版)初中现在完成时态的讲解及习题
现在完成时的讲解和练习题 一、构成：主语+ have/has + 过去分词+其他 否定式:主语+ haven't/hasn't + 过去分词+ 其他。 疑问式:Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他? 简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语+ have/has. (否定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't. 二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在 （一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态 常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然，还），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如： ※副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come . ②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. ③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人 过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？ （二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有： ①for＋表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。 ②since＋表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986. ③since＋表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born. ④since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago. 三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须用延 续性动词（肯定句）。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。非延续性动词，又叫瞬间动词，短暂性动词如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用 Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here? He has died. 常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下: 1、borrow / lend→keep, 2、buy→have, 3、finish / end→be over,
一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别：
一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别： １）现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。例如 We haven't seen him since last year. (我们自从去年以来一直未见到他．（现在还未见到）We didn't see him last year. 我们去年没见到他（现在不一定未见到） ２）现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。 例如：He has lived here since he was born .自他出生以来一直居住在这儿。（since 自从…以来与现在有关，说明还居住在这儿。） Liumei went to see her grandmother last night . 刘梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只说明昨晚）（三）值得注意几个问题： １）动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：We have studied English for two years (我们学英语两年了） ２）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现在完成时。例如： I have been to Shanghai twice . 我曾去过上海两次． ３）以When开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如： When did you lose your pen ? 你什么时候丢了钢笔？ ４）just (刚刚）与现在完成时连用，just now (刚才）与一般过去时连用。例如： The train has just gone. 火车刚刚离开。 The train left here just now. 火车是刚才离开。 ５）since 作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；since 作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 He has worked in this factory since 1996. I have known him since he was a child. 6 ）so far 、in the last / past …… 与现在完成时连用。例如： So far , many countries have sent up satellites into space. In the last 30 years , our lives have changed a lot. 四、学习现在完成时应注意的三个区别 1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别 2）since 和for 的区别。 3）have / has gone to 、have / has been to 、have / has been in 的区别 五、短暂性动词和延续性动词转换归纳。 buy—have leave— been away from borrow—keep die—be dead get up—be up put on—be on come back—be back open—be open go to town—be in town lose—be missing close—be closed begin /start—be on fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep catch a cold—have a cold get /receive a letter from—have a letter from come to —be here / there arrive in （at）/ get to / reach——be here / there
现在完成时讲解与练习答案
Exercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today Not yet. 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where’s Li Ming He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here For two weeks. 8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. you ______ (find) your science book yet 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere 1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. havemade 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here A. come B. got C. arrived D.been 2. My grandpa died _________. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C.when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _____ toBeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B.gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. A. after B.since C. for D. that will go to the station to meet Lorry --I will. I _____ her several times. A. met B.have met C. had met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it --Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D.have, had you knowLydiavery well --Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C.have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _______ inChinafor 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C.have been D. live 9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black -- Sorry. He ______ theBainiaoPark. A. has been to B.has gone to C. went to D. will go to
英语反义疑问句及现在完成时态讲解
反意疑问句讲解 1. 前肯（定）+后否（定）？ 一、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分 的时态一致。如：1。You can do it, can’t you? 2.They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they? 3.He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he? (不能用 hasn’t he?) 4.They have known the matter, haven’t they? 5.They wi ll go to town soon, won’t they? 6.He worked very hard, did n’t he? 他过去工作很努力，对吧？ Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. 是的，他很努力。不，他工作不努力。 二．前否（定）+后肯（定）？ 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有not no，nothing, no one, never, hardly, little, few，seldom等表否定的词。 变反意疑问句时要用前否（定）+后肯（定）？ 如：1.He isn’t playing football now, is he? 2.She never tells a lie, does she?(不用doesn’t she?) 3.I have few books, do I? 4, He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn’t he?) 5.There is little water in the bag, is there? 6.Nothing is in the room, is it? 房间里什么也没有，是吗? 7,The boys and girls have never been to Chongqing, have they? 孩子们从未去过重庆，对吧？ 三．由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。 如：①Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?(不能用is he?) ②The man is dishonest, isn’t he? (不能用is he?) ③It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?) 四．反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am…时，问句部分习惯上用aren’t I？表示。如： I am a very honest man, aren’t I? 五．反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that 从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如： ①I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he? ②We think that English is very useful, isn’t it? (不用don’t we?) 八．反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如： ①I don’t think that you ca n do it, can you? (不用do I?) ②We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?) 九．反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。 如：①They all think that English is very important, don’t they? (不用isn’t it?) ②He didn’t think that the news was true, did he? (不用 wasn’t/ was it?) 十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如： ①They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they? (不用hadn’t you) ②Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she? (不用 wouldn’t she?) 十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。如： ①Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it? ②Nothing has happened to them, has it? 十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)时，问句部分的主语用he或they，这时问句动词的数应和he 或they一致。如：①Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he? ③Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they? 十三。This is a pen , isn’t it?(不能说isn’t this ?) That is a book,, isn’t it ? (不能说isn’t that ?) These /Those are maps, aren’t they ? (不能说aren’t these /those?) 十四、陈述部分为Let us……时，问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如：Let us stop to rest, will you? 十五、陈述部分为Let’s……时，问句部分习惯上用shall we? 形式。如：Let’s go home together, shall we? 十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求，用won’t you？形式表示委婉请求或邀请。如： ①Do sit down, won’t you?/ will you? Please open the window, will you?(won’t you?) 十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you? 形式。如：Don’t make any noise, will you? 十八、陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词+there(here)?形式。如： ①There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there? ②Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here? 十九、陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用hadn’t +主语？形式。 ①You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you? ②We had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we? 二十、陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didn’t + 主语？或usedn’t +主语？形式。如： ①He used to live in the country, didn’t he?/usedn’t he? ②They used to be good friends, didn’t they?/usedn’t they? 二十一、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时，问句的主语用it代替。如： ①To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it? ②Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it? 二十二。反义疑问句的回答 1.The door is open now, isn’t it ? Yes ,it is. 门现在是开着的，是吗? 是的，是开着的。 2.The girl hasn’t been to Chongqing ,has she ? Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t. 这个女孩没来过重庆，对吗/是吗? 不，来过。/ 是的，没来过 3.He has little money, _____ _____?他几乎没钱了,对吗? Yes, _______ _________.不，他有钱。 ______,_______ _______ . 是的，他几乎没钱了。
时态详解：现在完成时
时态详解：现在完成时 一、如何理解现在完成时 现在完成时是英语中一个很重要的时态，也是很容易弄错的一个时态。首先，我们来看看“现在完成时”该如何理解。你可能会根据字面意思将其理解为：现在完成时就是表示现在已经完成的动作。但是，这样的理解是很不全面的理解，甚至是很危险的！因为这样的理解将来误导你混淆现在完成时与一般过去的区别。 现在完成时有两个主要用法：一是已完成用法，也叫影响性用法。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果，如汉语说“他已离开这个城市了”，其中的“离开”肯定发生了，它对现在的影响或结果就是“他现在已不在这个城市了”；又如汉语说“有人把窗户打破了”，显然“打破窗户”这一动作发生在过去，并且在过去已经完成了，但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响——窗户现在仍是破的。 现在完成时的另一个用法叫未完成用法，也叫持续性用法。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状语在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)，如汉语说“他在我们教书已有30年了”，显然“他在我们学校教书”是从30年前开始，并且一直教到现在，已经持续了30年；又如汉语说“自上个星期以来他一直很忙”，显然“忙”是从上个星期开始的，并且这一“忙”就一直忙到现在。 二、现在完成时构成与用法 现在完成时由“have / has +过去分词”构成。如： He has seen the film several times. 这部电影他已看了好几次。 I have known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。 句中的has seen 和have known 均为现在完成时，第一句属影响性用法，其影响是“他对电影内容非常熟悉了”；第二句属持续性用法，指“认识她”已持续了很长一段时间。 三、现在完成时实例分析 1. 影响性用法实例分析 I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了。
现在完成时态与过去时态的区别
现在完成时态与过去时态的区别 现在完成时态与过去时态的区别 1. 意义上的区别 一般过去时态只是单纯地表示过去某一时间发生过的动作或者存在的状态, 和现在没有任何联系, 只着眼于过去. 现在完成时态重点强调与现在的联系, 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果, 属于现在时的范畴. 试比较下列例句: I have washed my shoes . 我刷过鞋了. 强调的是过去的某一时间发生的动作"洗" 对现在产生的影响是" 鞋是干净的" . I washed my shoes yesterday . 我昨天刷了鞋. 强调昨天做过"洗" 这个动作, 与现在鞋是否干净没有关系. My father has bought a new car . 我爸爸买了一辆新车. 强调在过去的某一时间发生的动作"买" , 对现在造成的结果是" 他有了一辆新车". My father bought a new car last Sunday . 我爸爸上个周日买了一辆新车. 强调上个周日"买" 这个动作发生过, 与爸爸现在是否有车无关. 也许这辆车是给别人的. 2. 时间状语的区别 一般过去时态只能与表示过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1990 , just now 等. 现在完成时态中的时间状语表达的时间是到现在为止. 如: just 刚刚, before 以前, "since / ever since +过去时间 " 自从...... 开始, ever 曾经, never 从未, 未曾, "already" 已经 , " for+ 时间段"已有多长时间了. in the last/ past ten years 在过去的十年里, so far 到目前为止. up to now 直到现在, this week 这个星期等等. 二者的根本区别在于过去时强调事实，常有具体的时间状语标志，如，yesterday/5.oclock/this morning,just now,ago etc---, examples: 1.I met her a week ago. 2.We have a English class this morning. 而完成时有两种用法或意义