(全国通用)高中英语 语法复习讲义+训练 动词的时态

高中英语语法复习讲义——动词的时态

一. 概念:

时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身

的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：…, …, 。例如：

I 7 . 每天早上我七点离开家。

2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：

. 地球绕太阳转动。

. 上海位于中国东部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如：

a .骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例： . 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：

I 't . 我不要那么多。

. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

比较： I . 把糖放入杯子。

I . 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

2. 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：, , , , 1982等。例如： ? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：

I a , I . 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

, a .

那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型： . "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如： .你该睡觉了。

. . "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如 .你早该睡觉了。

() . .表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd .还是明天来吧。

4) , , , 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：

I .我以为你想要一些。

比较： .(含义：她已不在人间。)

.(含义：她现在还活着)

. . (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

. . (含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)

注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。

1)动词, , , , 等。例如：

? 您还要些什么吗?

I . 能不能帮我一下。

2)情态动词 , 。例如：

? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗?

3.一般将来时

1)用于第一人称，常被所代替。在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：

I ? 我先读哪一段呢?

? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2) +不定式，表示将来。

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如： ? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如： , a . 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3) +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：

.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4) +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：

. 他马上要去北京。

注意：不能与, 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

4. 一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词, , , , , , 的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：

. 火车明天上午六点开。

? . 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以, 等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：

. = . 车来了。

. = . 铃响了。

3)在时间或条件句中。例如：

(不是), . 比尔来后，让他等我。

I' I . 我到了那里，就写信给你。

4)在动词, , 等的宾语从句中。例如：

I a . 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。

5. 用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词, , , , , , 等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：

I'm . 明天我要走了。

? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

6. 现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： () +过去分词。

7. 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语：, ，…, 1980, , 等，皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语：, , , , , , , , , , 等，皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语： , , , , , , 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如, , , , , .。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有, , , , , , , 等。例如：

I . (强调看的动作发生过了)

I . (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了)

? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)

't ? (强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)

. (在团内的状态可延续)

a . (是团员的状态可持续)

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如, , , 1960)时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

(错) a .

(对) a .

8. 用于现在完成时的句型

1) / .... …结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：

I . 这是我第一次访问这城市。

() I' .这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意： .

2) +形容词最高级…结构，从句要用现在完成时。例如：

I' () . 这是我看过的最好的电影。

9.过去完成时

1) 概念：表示过去的过去

> 其构成是 +过去分词构成。

那时以前那时现在

2) 用法

a. 在, , , , 等动词后的宾语从句。例如：

() . 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。例如： , . 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的动词，如, , , , , , 等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：

, 't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

3)过去完成时的时间状语, , , , , , 。例如：

. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

, a . 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

.

汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。

10. 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用，，等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：

， . 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。

a I . 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。

2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：

I , I .

3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：

1492.

11.将来完成时

1) 构成

2) 概念

a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：

20 . 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。

b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：

. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了

12现在进行时

现在进行时的基本用法：

a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：

. 我们正在等你。

b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：

. .他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)

c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：, , , , , , 等。例如：

. 叶子在变红。

's . 天越来越热了。

d. 与, , 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如： . 你老是改变主意。

13. 过去进行时

1)概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。

3) 常用的时间状语有 , , , , , 等。例如：

.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。

. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。

I , .我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。

14. 将来进行时

1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如：

' . 她会很快来的。

I' . 将来我一定去见他。

注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说 I' a .

2)常用的时间状语有, , ， , ，, , 等。例如： , I' . 明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。

15. 一般现在时代替一般将来时

, , , , , , , , , , (), , , , , , , , 等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：

. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。

16. 一般现在时代替一般过去时

1 ) "书上说"，"报纸上说"等。例如：

's . 报纸上说明天会很冷的。

2) 叙述往事，使其生动。例如：

's .拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了

17. 一般现在时代替现在完成时

1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如, , , , , , , , , 等。例如：

I (= ) . 我听说了他将去伦敦。

I ( ) . 我忘了他多大了。

2) 用句型" … …"代替" … …"。例如：

(= ) . 从我们上次见面以来，五年过去了。

18. 一般现在时代替现在进行时。

在… …等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如：

. 铃响了。

19. 现在进行时代替将来时

1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如：

? 和我们一起度周末好吗?

. 我们马上就走。

2) 渐变动词，如, , , , 以及瞬间动词等。例如：

. 他要死了。

20.时态一致

1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实，则用现在时。例如： , . 那时，人们不知道地球是动的。

. 上星期他告诉我他十八岁了。

2) 宾语从句中的，助动词, , , 的时态是不变的。例如：

I . 他认为我不必告诉你真相。

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般现在时 一直以来的习惯动作；目前状态；规律 一般现在时J单三人称：动词r或es ［非单三人称：动词原形

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