文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 助动词和情态动词

助动词和情态动词

助动词和情态动词
助动词和情态动词

第12章助动词和情态动词

1助动词和情态动词的定义

在英语中,助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。对于助动词,同学们一般了解即可。

情态动词与助动词不同,它有词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语,另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化;情态动词后必须跟动词原形。

(×)She cans swim well. (×)She can swims well.

(○)She can swim well. (○)She swims well.

即使主语是第三人称单数(例如she)can也不能加“s”。

句子中有情态动词can时,即使主语是第三人称单数,也不能在一般动词(例如swim)上加“s”。

1 助动词的种类

(am,are,is,was,were,been,being)它与现在分词结合,可以构成进行时态(参见第九章),与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态(参见第十三章)。

I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。

The book was written by me.这本书是我写的。

2. have(has,had,having)它与过去分词结合,构成完成时态(参见第十一章)。

I have finished my homework.我已经写完作业了。

(should),will(would)它与动词结合构成将来时(参见第十章)。

I will visit Beijing tomorrow.我明天将到北京参观。

4. do(does,did)它与其他动词结合构成否定句和疑问句(参见第六、七、八、十九章)。

I don't like dog.我不喜欢狗。

Do you clean the room.你打扫房间吗?

2情态动词的种类

对初学者而言,can,may,must是三个最重要的情态动词,其基本句型如下:

肯定句:主语+can,may,must +动词原形.

否定句:主语+can,may,must +not +动词原形~.

疑问句:Can,May,Must +主语+动词原形~?

I. can,may,must的肯定句

You may eat lunch,but you must wash your hands.你可以吃饭,但是你必须洗手。

a.表示能力;能,会

She can run fast,but I can't.她很会跑,但是我不会。(表能力,此时may,must都不可替代)

b.表示可能;能够

I can get there in ten minutes.我十分钟之后就可以到那儿。(表示一种可能性)

c.表示允许;许可(不如may正式,常用于口语)

You can use this dictionary.你可以用这本字典。

(此时还可以用may代替can,但一般会话中用can)

比较can和be able to

can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态。

can(could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。

I can(=am able to)pay for the book. 我买得起那本书。

He will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了。

2. may

a.表示请求、许可(比can正式)

May I borrow your pen?我可以借你的钢笔用一用吗?

b.可能、或许(谈论可能性、表示推测,一般用于肯定句)

Tomorrow I may go shopping.明天,我可能(或许)去商店买东西。

He might be our new teacher.他或许是我们的新老师。

注意might在表示推测时,不表示时态,只是说明可能性比may还要小。

a.必须、应该(表示有做某一动作的必要或义务)

You must buy a ticket.你必须买一张票。

b.一定、准是(表示有把握的判断或推测,一般只用于肯定句中)

在You must~.这一句型中,它的意思与祈使句相同。

You must get up early. =Get up early.你必须早起。

You must study hard. =Study hard.你必须用功读书。

He must be our new teacher.他肯定是我们的新老师。(语气比may,might要肯定得多)

比较must与have to

must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要,have to侧重于客观上的必要。如果用于过去时态或将来时态时,则要用have to来代替。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(一般过去时)

I haven't got any money with me,so I'll have to borrow some from my friend.

我身上没有钱,只好向朋友借点了。(一般将来时)

He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。

II. can,may,must的否定句

I can not write a letter in English.我不会用英语写信。

You must not eat so much.你一定不能吃太多。

含有情态动词can,may,must的句子,只要在它们后面加上not,就变成了否定句。

的否定句can的否定式是can not,普通的写成cannot,缩字为can't,读作[kɑ:nt]。

She can't play basketball.她不会打篮球。

I couldn't swim until I was ten.我直到十岁才会游泳(十岁以前我不会游泳)。

It can't be true.那不可能是真的。

2. may(might)的否定句

注意can表示怀疑或不肯定时,用于否定句和疑问句或感叹句中。

could有时只表示怀疑、推测程度,不表示时态。

He couldn't be a badman.他不大可能是坏人。

He can't be a badman.他不可能是坏人。

may not也表示“不可以”的意思,但单独使用时不多,大多使用于回答疑问句时。

May I come in?我可以进来吗?

No, you can(may) not.(=No, you mustn't).不,你不可以进来。

的否定句must的否定式是must not,缩写为mustn't,读作[?m?snt]。译为“不可以”、“一定不……”。

You mustn't leave so early.你们不要走得太早。

They mustn't take any book out of the room.他们不可以从房间里拿走书。

注意You must not……这一句型和否定的祈使句的意思一致。

You mustn't open this box.你不可以打开这个盒子。=Don't open this box.请勿打开此盒。

3 can,may,must的疑问句(把can,may,must放在句首,句子就成为疑问句了)

Can Li Ming speak English?李明会说英语吗?

May I close the door?我可以把门关上吗?

Must I read this book now?我现在一定要读这本书吗?

1. can的疑问句

句型:Can…? Yes, I can. /No, I can’t.

Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗?Yes,I can.是的,我会。/No,I can't.不,我不会。

Can it be true?它可能是真的吗? Could he be a bad man?他可能是坏人吗?

的疑问句

句型:May…? Yes, ~ may. /sure.. /No, ~ may not.

May I take this seat?我可以坐这个座位吗?Yes,you may./Sure.可以。/No,yon may not.

不可以。

必背!

May…?的回答还可以有下列方式:

Yes,of course.是的,当然可以了。Yes,certainly.当然可以了。Sure.当然。No,you must not 不,不行。(具有强烈禁止的意思)

No,you can't 不,不行。(口语上大多采用这一句型)

3. must的疑问句

句型:Must…? Yes, ~ must. /No, ~ needn’t, (=No, ~ don’t have to).

Must I live here?我必须住在这里吗?Yes,you must.是的,你必须。No,you needn't = No,you don't have to.不,不必了。

表示推测的用法

can , could ,may ,might ,must 皆可用来表示推测,其用法如下:

a.could ,might 表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can ,may。

b.can ,could 用于否定句和疑问句中。

句型:主语+ can't , couldn't +be +动词 -ing~.(否定句)

Can ,Could +主语 +be +动词 -ing~.(疑问句)

They can't be cleaning the room now.他们现在不可能在打扫房间。

c.may ,might , must 用在肯定句中。

句型:主语+ may ,might ,must +be +动词 -ing (表示对现在发生动作的推测)

He must be sleeping. 他现在肯定在睡觉。

d.但如果上述这些词(must ,can't… ) + have +过去分词则指对过去已发生的事进行推测。

The road is wet , It must have rained last night .地是湿的;昨天晚上肯定下雨了。

There isn't any water on the road . It (can't ) couldn't have rained last night .

地面上一个水滴都没有,昨天不可能下雨了。

3 Will you~?和Shall I(we)~?

Will you~?和Shall I(we)这两个疑问句句型作为情态动词,具有下述的特别意思:

Will you:请为我做某事好吗?(请求对方做某事)做~好吗?(劝阻、客气的说法)

Shall I:我要~吗?

Shall we:我们一起做~吗?(询问对方的意向)

Will you~?除了作为情态动词外,还可以用来表示将来时。

Will you be at home tomorrow?你明天会在家吗?

1 Will you~?的用法

Will you help me with my homework?请帮我做作业好吗?

Will you please buy some papers for me?劳驾,买一些纸好吗?

you +动词原形~?

Will you show me some pens?把笔给我看看好吗?(请求对方做某事)

Will you have some cake?请吃点心好吗?(劝阻、客气的说法)

you please +动词原形~?(表示请求,是更为客气的用语)

Will you please go with me?您和我一起走好吗?

Will you please take off your shoes?劳驾,脱掉鞋好吗?

you~?的回答

注意在Will you~?(表示请求、劝说)的疑问句中一般使用some而不用any。

注意Please~Will you~?当表示请求对方的某事时,与Please~.句型相同。

Will you help me?=Please help me.请帮我好吗?

注意表示请求和劝说时,还可用Won't you~?这一句型,它比Will you~.还要客气。Won't you come to my house?难道你不要来我家坐一坐?

2 Shall I(we)~?的用法

Shall I buy the book for you?我要为你买那本书吗?

Shall we dance?我们跳舞好吗?

I~?我要~吗?

Shall I open the window?我打开窗户好吗?

Shall I~?的各种回答法

Yes,please.好的,请打开吧。Yes,thank you.好吧,谢谢。

we~?(我们一起做~好吗?)

Shall we go now?=Let's go now.我们现在走好吗?=咱们现在走吧!

No,thank you.不,不用,谢谢你。

Shall we have lunch here?我们在这儿吃饭好吗?

注意Shall we~?意思上和Let's~.相近。

Let's have lunch here.咱们在这儿吃饭吧!

Shall we~?的各种回答法

All right.好吧。Yes,let's.好吧。No,let's not.不,咱们不在这儿吃饭。

4 would和should

would是will的过去式,Would you~?作为情态动词,表示“可以请你~吗?”

should是shall的过去式,作为情态动词时,则表示“应该~”。

1 would的用法(请记住以下几个句型)

Would you have a cup of tea?可以请你喝杯茶吗?

you~?和Will you~?这两个句型皆表示客气的请求、劝说但Would you~?更客气.

Would you tell me the way to the station?劳驾,您能告诉我去车站怎样走吗?(回答同《Will you~?》句型)

2.主语+would like to~表示“想要……”的意思上,与…want to~意思一样,但用此句型较客气。

I want to ask you a question.=I'd(I would)like to ask you a question.我想问你一个

问题。

you like~?表示请求、劝说,是很客气的说法。

Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗?

Would you like to sing a song?请唱首歌好吗?

注意I'd读为〔aid〕=I would=I should=I had

2 should的用法

You should read this book.你应该读这本书。

(应当、应该)用于所有人称,与ought to~同义。

You should wait a little more.=You ought to wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。

2.在表示要求、命令时,语气是由should(应该)、~had better(最好)、~must(必须)逐渐加强。

had better相当于一个助动词,它后面要跟动词原形;had better只有一种形式,没有has,have better这一形式;它的否定式是在它后面加not。

You had better go now.你最好现在走。

He'd(=He had)better do it now.他最好现在做。

She'd better not cry.她最好别哭。

5 have to

have(has)to与must一样,表示“必须”的意思,两者的区别参见第154页《比较:must 与 have to》。

1 have to的用法

I have to get up early tomorrow morning.我明天早晨必须(不得不)早起。

(has)to +动词原形

have(has)to后面要用动词原形。当主语为第三人称单数时用has to~,当句子是过去时用had to~。

We have to leave now.我们不得不现在就离开。

He has to work on Sunday.他不得不在周日工作。

I had to do my homework last Sunday.上周日,我不得不做作业。

2 have to的否定句句型:主语+don't(doesn't)have to+动词原形~.

You don't have to walk so fast.你不必走那么快。

He will not have to buy a new coat next year.明年,他没必要买新外衣了。

3 have to的疑问句句型:Do(Does)+主语+have to +动词原形~?

Do you have to study maths now?你现在必须学数字吗?

Yes,I do.是的,必须学。

No,I don't(have to).不,不必学。

Did he have to ask the question?

他非要问那个问题吗?

Yes,he did.是的。

No,he didn't(have to).不。

Practice 实力测验

一、用适当的动词和情态动词填空

1.Must I wait till he comes back ? No, you ________ .

2.You ________ not make so much noise in the hospital.

3.Can you ride a bike ? No, I ________.

4.Do you speak English ? Yes, I ________ .

5.________ I go home now ? No, you stay here.

6.________ you like to help me ?

7.My mother is ill. I ________ stay at home and look after her.

8.________ I use your car ? Yes, you ________

9.________ we begin our class now ?

二、词形转换

1.You must wash the dishes. =You____ ____ wash the dishes.

2.She can cook well. =She ____ ____ ____ cook well.

3.Wash your face at once. =You ________wash your face at once.

4.They couldn't find any secrets(秘密).

=They ____ not ____ to find any secrets.

5.You should be here on time. =You ____ ____ be here on time.

三、选择填空

1.You ________ return the book now. You can keep it till next week.

A. can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.may not

2.Can I leave this door open at night ? No, you ________ .

A.should better not B.would better not

C.had better not

3.Hurry up. He ________ for us at the station.

A. must wait B.must be waiting

C.should wait D.should be waiting

4.The food must be good. No, it be ________ good.

A.must not B.needn't

C.wouldn't D.cannot

5.Your shirt is rather dirty. ________ I wash it for you ?

A.Do B.Will C.Have D.Shall

英语语法-助动词和情态动词用法及习题

目录 1助动词和情态动词的定义 (2) 2 can,may,must (3) 3 Will you~?和Shall I(we)~? (10) 4 would和should (14) 5 have to (16) 练习题 (17) 答案 (18)

1助动词和情态动词的定义 在英语中,助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。对于助动词,同学们一般了解即可。 情态动词与助动词不同,它有词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语,另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化;情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 (×)She cans swim well. (×)She can swims well. (○)She can swim well. (○)She swims well. 即使主语是第三人称单数(例如she)can也不能加“s”。 句子中有情态动词can时,即使主语是第三人称单数,也不能在一般动词(例如swim)上加“s”。 1 助动词的种类 1.be(am,are,is,was,were,been,being) 它与现在分词结合,可以构成进行时态(参见第九章),与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态(参见第十三章)。 I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。 The book was written by me. 这本书是我写的。 2. have(has,had,having) 它与过去分词结合,构成完成时态(参见第十一章)。 I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。 3.shall(should),will(would)

助动词和情态动词

助动词和情态动词 1. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. ---Ah, good morning. You______ be Mrs. Peters. (10北京) A. might B. must C. would D. can 2. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? (10江西) A. Must B Can C May D Will 3. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man (10安徽) A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. (10山东) A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 5. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. (10辽宁) A.can B.will C.must D.may 6.Wine ____ do good to people’s health if drunk properly. A. can B. should C. must D. might 7. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 8. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t attend C. mustn’t have attended D. can’t attend 9. ---Has Mr. Tom White arrived? ---Yes, already. ____ he wait outside or just come in? A. Shall B. May C. Could D. Must 10. Walking in space ____ sound easy, yet great care and skills are needed. A. should B. shall C. may D. must 11. ---Amazing! You ____ wear slippers at work! ----Don’t you know it’s a fashion? A. must B. should C. can D. may 12. ---The two astronauts had been trained for long before they flew to space. ---Oh, they ____ quite a lot of difficulties. A. might go through B. may go through C. should have gone through D. must have gone through 13. ---Can I pay the bill by check? ---Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ____ be paid in cash. A. will B. can C. should D. shall 14. ---Catherine looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? ---Yes, but I ____ her just before her final exams.

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)第一讲

be 动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇) 1、 用单数,反之用复数。 ◆ 句中含有be动词时: 肯定句:主语+be +其他 否定句:主语+be +not +其他 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其他+? 特殊疑问句:疑问词(what / who / when / where)+be +主语+其 他+? I am a teacher. You are right. She is 16 years old. My father is at home. The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall. There are two books on the table. ★ be 动词用法歌: 我用am,你用are,is 连接他她它。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃;变否定,更容易,be 后not 莫忘记; 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be 动词作谓语,它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。她个子很高。 她在教室里。她是一个高个子的女孩。 2、助动词的用法。 英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”,即,我们常说的“主语+ 谓语+ 其他” 。 ①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时:肯定句:I / We / They / The students

+动词原形+其他+。 We watch TV every night. 变否定:主语+don't +动词原形+其他+。 We don't watch TV every night. 一般疑问句Do + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ? Do you watch TV every night? Yes, we do. / No, we don 't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ do + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ? How often do you watch TV? ②主语为单数名词或代词时:肯定句:主语+ 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他+ 。 He watches TV every night. 否定句:主语+ doesn't+动词原形+其他+。 He doesn't watch TV every night. 一般疑问句:Does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ? Does he watch TV every night? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn 't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ? How often does he watch TV? ★主语为单数或不可数名词,谓语要用单数第三人称,反过来,看见动词用了单数第三人称,可以推知主语是单数或不可数名词。 ( )1. How __ ______ your dad help at home? A. do B. does C. is ( )2. ______ goes bad easily in summer. A. Milk B Apples C. Cakes ③过去时的句式(当句子时态为过去时时,动词用过去式,不受主语单复数的影响) 肯定句:主语+ 过去式+ 其他+ 。 He / We got up early every morning last year. 否定句:主语+ didn't + 动词原形+ 其他+ 。 He / We didn't get up early every morning last year. 一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ? Did he / you get up early every morning last year? Yes, he

情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义,可以表达某种感情和说话的语气,但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法,特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理,更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理,编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有:must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有:need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有:shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度,不能单独作谓语,与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征:可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 (1)表示现在的能力,用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can,表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 (2)表示过去的能力,用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 (3)表示将来的能力,用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 (1)can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性,而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如:Accidents can happy on such rainy days. (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词,其表示可能性的层次如下表: 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗? would 可能性较will 小不会、不该(较won’t 弱)会,,吗?(较will 弱) should 应该会、理应(表示合乎理想的情况或结果) ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能(否定推测)有可能吗? could 可疑的可能不可能(与can’t 同义)有可能吗?(较can 弱)may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能(较may 弱)可能不(较may not 弱) 注意→(1)may,must 常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 (2)can 常用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句,又可用于否定句、疑问句中。

英语助动词和情态动词及练习

英语助动词和情态动词及练习 一、概述 不同的时态(一般式、进形式、完成式、将来式),不同的语态(主动、被动),不同的语气(祈使、陈述、虚拟),不同的结构(肯定、否定、疑问),以及说话者本身的态度或命令、请求、愿望、可能等,所有这些都要借助于助动词和情态动词表达出来。助动词一般没有词意,不能单独作谓语动词,除非省略句中。他们只参加时态、语态、语气或否定、疑问结构。情态动词有词义,可以用来表示说话者的语气和态度。主要的助动词和情态动词如下表: 二、助动词 助动词一般没有词意,不能单独作谓语动词。其作用在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等。 1、助动词be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)的用法 (1) be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。 Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴? She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。 (2)be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。 He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。 You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。 (3)be 后跟不定式作谓语,有如下几种情况: ①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。 Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀? I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。 ②表示指示、命令,否定式表禁止。 You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。 You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。 ③表示义务、责任等,同should。 You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。 What is to be done?该干什么。 ④表示可能性,与情态动词may, can同义。 Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。 Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。 ⑤表示后来发生的事,可以用来表示命运或注定 They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了,没想到再也不能相见了。 He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。 ⑥用于习语 Where am I to go? 我该向何处去? What am I to do? 我该怎么办? 2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法 (1)助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时

be动词-情态动词及助动词用法

七年级英语双休日作业 班级:姓名:等级 英语句型变化总结练习 1、含有be动词am,is,are构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把am,is,are提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可。 变否定句时直接在am,is,are后面加not即可。例如: 肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑问句: a student? 否定句: He a student. 肯定句:We are from China. 一般疑问句: from China? 否定句:We from China 2. 由情态动词can, may, should等构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把can, may,提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可. 变否定句时直接在can, may,后面加not即可. 例如: 肯定句: She can swim. 一般疑问句:she swim? 否定句: She swim. 3. 由行为动词构成的句子: 需要加助词do或does. 变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面. 变否定句时在主语后面加don’t / doesn’t , 谓语用动词原形。例如: 肯定句: They play football after school. 一般疑问句: play football after school? 否定句: They football after school. 肯定句:Tom watches TV every day. 一般疑问句: Tom TV every day? 否定句: Tom TV every day.

注意:变否定句时相关词的改变 肯定句变否定句时,除将谓语变为否定式外,句中其他词语也可能随之改变: 如将some改为any,too和also改为either,and改为or等:There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。 →There aren’t ______ birds in the tree. 树上没有鸟。 He likes the book, too. 他也喜欢这本书。 →He doesn’t like the book, ______. 他也不喜欢这本书。He likes singing and dancing. 他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。 →He doe sn’t like singing ______dancing. 他不喜欢唱歌也 不喜欢跳舞。补充练习: 根据句后括号内的要求,填入句中所缺的词: 1. I know the answer. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ know the answer? 2. We can see some birds. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ see ______ birds? 3. There is a computer in the house. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ a computer in the house? 4. There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ any flowers on the teachers’ desk? 5. There are some apples on the tree. (否定式) There ______ ______ ______ apples on the tree. 6. I think he is old. (否定句) I ______ think he ______ old.

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)Microsoft Word 文档

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解 (基础篇) 1、be动词的用法。 英语中,be动词选用单数还是复数,要由主语来定,主语是单数,就用单数,反之用复数。 ◆句中含有be动词时: 肯定句:主语+be +其他 否定句:主语+ be + not +其他 一般疑问句: Be +主语+其他+? 特殊疑问句:疑问词(what / who / when / where)+ be +主语+其他+? I am a teacher. You are right. She is 16 years old. My father is at home. The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall. There are two books on the table. ★ be动词用法歌: 我用am,你用are,is 连接他她它。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃;变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记; 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be动词作谓语,它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。 她个子很高。她在教室里。 她是一个高个子的女孩。 2、助动词的用法。 英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”,即,我们常说的“主语 + 谓语 + 其他”。 ①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时: 肯定句: I / We / They / The students +动词原形+其他+。 We watch TV every night. 变否定:主语+ don’t +动词原形+其他+。 We don’t watch TV every night. 一般疑问句 Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ? Do you watch TV every night? Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ? How often do you watch TV?

助动词与情态动词-讲解及练习测试题

助动词与情态动词 一、助动词 助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义,只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语,用来表示时态和语态,构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。 1、be (am, is, are, were, been) (l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态; (2)“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态; (3)“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语: ①表按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year.总理将于明年访问日本。 ? “do + 动 只有 (1)表示能力,如:He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而be able to 则有更多的形式,如:He will be able to do the work better. 2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法 (1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意, 如:You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或may not,以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如:---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时,如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些,如:May I have a look at your new

(助动词情态动词)练习

专四语法练习2 助动词、情态动词 1. It’s wonderful that you ___C___ have achieved so much in these years. a. may b. can c. should d. would 2. He ___D___ hardly say anything more, since you know about it. a. don’t need to b. needn’t c. needs d. need 3. You __B____ the look on his face when he won the prize. a. would have seen b. should have seen c. must see d. can be seeing 4. Some people think the stock market will crash, but ___B___. a. I wonder if it happens b. I doubt if it will happen c. I am afraid it wouldn’t happen d. I doubt if it does happen 5. “Whatever has happened to George?” “I don’t know. He _B_____ lost.” a. can have got b. may have got c. might get d. could get 6. He has no idea what the book is about. He ___B___read the book.

中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解

中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解 中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解 语法精讲 1.can 和could 2.may 和might 3.need, must和have to 情态动词 4. should和ought to 5. shall, will和would 6. had better 1.can和coul d ① can表示能力,意为“能够,可以”,could用于过去时, 例如He can finish his homework al one. 他可以单独完成作业的。 He couldn’t cook when he was 18 years old. 他18岁时还不会做饭。 ② can表示推测,意为“可能”,在否定句中表示否定的猜测,意为“不可能”,could用于对过去的猜测,can’t be 不可能 例如:He could be cooking at this time yesterday. 他昨天这个时候有可能正在做饭。 He can’t be here be cause he has gone to American.他不可能会在这里,因为他已经去美国了。 ③ can表示请求语气,coul d的语气更委婉, 例如:Can I help you? / Coul d I help you? 有什么我可以为您效吗? 拓展:be abl e to=can也为“能够”,用来表示能力(有人称和时态的变化) 例如:He is able to d eal with this problem. 他能解决这个问题的。 2.may和 might

① may表示请求,might语气更委婉, 例如:May I help you? Might I sit here? ② may表示肯定的推测,语气比can更弱,might对过去的推测 例如:Mary may be doing her homework now. May can be doing her homework now. can表达的推测语气比may更强,更有把握。 3. must和have to ①must表示命令、责任,意为“一定,必须”,must not/ mustn’t表禁止,“一定不要”, 例如:Children must stay away from strangers.孩子一定要远离陌生人。 You mustn’t play fire because it’s dangerous. 千万不要玩火,因为太危险了。 拓展:在表示禁止时,会用“No Doing”来表示,如No Smoking. / No Walking.等。 ② must表示推测,语气比can更强. 例如:Mr. Liu must be on holiday now because he is wearing pants. 刘老师现在肯定在度假因为他正穿着平底裤呢!(上课是要穿正装的) ③ Must作一般疑问句开头提问时:肯定用must回答,否定用needn’t或d on’t have to回答。 例如:Must I finish my homework now? Yes, you must. / No, you ne edn’t. ④ must 和have to 的区别: a) must没有人称、时态的变化,而have to根据人称、时态的变化,有不同的形式。 b) Must表示主观上必须做,而have to 表示客观需要。

助动词与情态动词练习题.docx

1.If they _____ to do this work, he might do it some other way. A. were B. should C. will D. can A. should have sent B. were going to send C. should be sending D. should send 3.Let's take a walk, ____? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we 4.He was a good swimmer so he _____ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. A.could B.might C.should D.was able to 5.I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ____ see me.

A.can B.may C.might D.could 6.---- _____ this book be yours? ---- No, it ____ not be mine. It ____ be his. A. Can, must, may B. May, might, must C. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may 7."We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. " "He _____ it. " A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. need have attended A. can have missed B. may have missed C. can have lost D. may have lost 9.Since the ground is white, it _____ last night. A. had snowed B. must have snowed

中考考点情态动词和助动词

Period Ten 情态动词和助动词 重点掌握情态动词can, may, must, need等词在语境中的运用,情态动词在句子中常用来表示“能力,允许,禁止,意愿,可能”等情感或态度。掌握助动词do, will, shall, have, be在句中的作用。 一、情态动词 1. 情态动词的定义 情态动词表示说话人对所述动作或状态的态度或看法。情态动词本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和动词一起构成谓语,在各种人称后都用同样的形式。 2. 情态动词的用法 (1)can的用法 ①表示人或物本身所具有的能力,意为“能,能够,会”。eg: Can you skate? 你会滑冰吗? She can speak a little Chinese. 她能讲一点儿汉语。 ②表示可能性,意为“可能会”,常用于否定句或疑问句。eg: Can it be true? 那会是真的吗? That can’t be Mary; she’s in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽;她住院了。 (2) could的用法 ①could可以表示过去的能力,若表示现在的能力时,语气比can委婉。eg: She couldn’t swim half a year ago. 她半年前不会游泳。 What a good idea! Maybe I could talk about English names. 你的想法太好!也许我能谈谈英国人的名字问题。 ②表示礼貌,常用在疑问句中,意为“能,可以”,答语一般用can。 —Could I borrow your bicycle? 我可以借一下你的自行车吗? —Yes, you can./ No, you can’t. 是的,可以。/不,不行。 ③表示猜测、怀疑等态度,一般用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。对现在情况表示猜测时,could 比can更 不确定,其结构为“can/could+动词原形”;对过去表示猜测时,结构为“can/could+ have+过去分词”。eg: You could be right, I suppose.我想可能是你对。 Don’t worry. They could have just forgotten to phone. 别担心。他们很可能只是忘了打电话。 (3) may和might的用法 ①表示允许,用于肯定句。eg: You may come if you wish. 你要来就来吧。 Passenges may cross by the footbridge. 乘客可使用步行桥。 ②表示许可,用于疑问句。might是may 的过去式,比may语气委婉。eg: May I come in? 我可以进来吗? Might I make a suggestion ? 我可以提个建议吗? ③表示客观不可能性。eg: Take an umbrella with you. It may rain. 带上雨伞,可能会下雨。 (4) must的用法 ①must表示“必须”时多用于肯定句或疑问句,其否定回答用needn’t;,用于否定句时,表示“不应该,不 许可,不准,禁止”。eg: I must go to the bank to get some money. 我得到银行去取些钱。 Cars mustn’t park in front of the entrance. 入口处不得停放汽车。 ②它在肯定句中,还可表示“推测”,意为“一定”。“must be”表示对现在某事的推测;“must have done” 表示对过去的推测;反意疑问时,要根据must后的be或have来做。eg:

情态动词的用法完整详细

情态动词 定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。 情态动词后面加动词原形。 分类: 情态动词有四类: ①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare ③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would) ④具有情态动词特征:have(had) to,used to 位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词 则在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你,过来吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 我能帮你吗? How dare you treat us like that! 你怎能那样对待我们! 特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起,我帮不上你。 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想: What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义) I am afraid I must be going. (一定要) You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经) 除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:

系动词助动词情态动词

系动词助动词情态动词内部编号:(YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128)

系动词、助动词、情态动词 一、情态动词 1.can(could):能够、可能、可以;may(might):可以、可能;must:必须; shall:将会;should:应该;will:将会,愿意;would:将会 2.半情态动词(后接动原,但否定和疑问句要借助do):have to不得不,had better最好,used to过去常常 3.情态动词无三单(have to除外);不能单独使用,后接动词原形共同构成谓语 4. need既可做实义动词又可做情态动词(作实义动词,后接to do/doing,否定don’t need to do do/doing;作情态动词,后接动词原形,否定needn’t do) 5.表推测:must be一定是(语气最肯定),can be可能是,may be也许是(语 气最不肯定);can’t be一定不是(语气最肯定,must be的否定形式) 6.maybe也许(副词,常用在句首);may be也许是(谓语动词,用在句中) 7.must与need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to(不必). 8.may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may/can,否定回答用can’t/mustn’t. 二、系动词 1.系动词后可接形容词。 2.表示状态的系动词be(am, is, are, was, were,been),keep ,stay,表示感觉的 半系动词feel (摸起来,感觉), look (看起来), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来),taste(尝起来); 三、助动词 1.助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,必须和实义动词共同构成谓语。 2.常用的助动词:be(am, is, are, was, were,been,being)用于进行时态或被动 语态;do(does,did)用于一般现在时或一般过去时的否定句和疑问句; have(has,had)用于完成时态;will,shall,would,should用于将来时态, shall/should只能用于第一人称。 情态动词与系动词练习题 一、基础题 1.-Where's Mr Lee I have something unusual to tell him. -You________ find him. He________ Japan. A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to 2.-Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK-Sorry. It________ in such a short time. A. may do B. can't be done C. must do D. needn't be done 3.I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it. A. must B. have to C. need to D. can 4.________you mend my car I______not start it. A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may 5.________she ride when she was three years old A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May 6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. A. can B. may C. could 7.Who is the man over there Is it Mr Li-No, it________be him. Mr Li is much taller.

助动词和情态动词

第12章助动词和情态动词 1助动词和情态动词的定义 在英语中,助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。对于助动词,同学们一般了解即可。 情态动词与助动词不同,它有词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语,另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化;情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 (×)She cans swim well. (×)She can swims well. (○)She can swim well. (○)She swims well. 即使主语是第三人称单数(例如she)can也不能加“s”。 句子中有情态动词can时,即使主语是第三人称单数,也不能在一般动词(例如swim)上加“s”。 1 助动词的种类 1.be(am,are,is,was,were,been,being)它与现在分词结合,可以构成进行时态(参见第九章),与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态(参见第十三章)。 I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。 The book was written by me.这本书是我写的。 2. have(has,had,having)它与过去分词结合,构成完成时态(参见第十一章)。 I have finished my homework.我已经写完作业了。

3.shall(should),will(would)它与动词结合构成将来时(参见第十章)。 I will visit Beijing tomorrow.我明天将到北京参观。 4. do(does,did)它与其他动词结合构成否定句和疑问句(参见第六、七、八、十九章)。 I don't like dog.我不喜欢狗。 Do you clean the room.你打扫房间吗? 2情态动词的种类 对初学者而言,can,may,must是三个最重要的情态动词,其基本句型如下: 肯定句:主语+can,may,must +动词原形. 否定句:主语+can,may,must +not +动词原形~. 疑问句:Can,May,Must +主语+动词原形~? I. can,may,must的肯定句 You may eat lunch,but you must wash your hands.你可以吃饭,但是你必须洗手。

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档