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中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解

语法精讲

1.can 和could

2.may 和might

3.need, must和have to

情态动词 4. should和ought to

5. shall, will和would

6. had better

1.can和coul d

① can表示能力，意为“能够，可以”，could用于过去时，

例如He can finish his homework al one. 他可以单独完成作业的。

He couldn’t cook when he was 18 years old. 他18岁时还不会做饭。

② can表示推测，意为“可能”，在否定句中表示否定的猜测，意为“不可能”，could用于对过去的猜测，can’t be 不可能

例如：He could be cooking at this time yesterday. 他昨天这个时候有可能正在做饭。

He can’t be here be cause he has gone to American.他不可能会在这里，因为他已经去美国了。

③ can表示请求语气，coul d的语气更委婉，

例如：Can I help you? / Coul d I help you? 有什么我可以为您效吗？

拓展：be abl e to=can也为“能够”，用来表示能力（有人称和时态的变化）

例如：He is able to d eal with this problem. 他能解决这个问题的。

2.may和 might

① may表示请求，might语气更委婉，

例如：May I help you?

Might I sit here?

② may表示肯定的推测，语气比can更弱，might对过去的推测

例如：Mary may be doing her homework now.

May can be doing her homework now. can表达的推测语气比may更强，更有把握。

3. must和have to

①must表示命令、责任，意为“一定，必须”，must not/ mustn’t表禁止，“一定不要”，

例如：Children must stay away from strangers.孩子一定要远离陌生人。

You mustn’t play fire because it’s dangerous. 千万不要玩火，因为太危险了。

拓展：在表示禁止时，会用“No Doing”来表示，如No Smoking. / No Walking.等。

② must表示推测，语气比can更强.

例如：Mr. Liu must be on holiday now because he is wearing pants.

刘老师现在肯定在度假因为他正穿着平底裤呢！（上课是要穿正装的）

③ Must作一般疑问句开头提问时：肯定用must回答，否定用needn’t或d on’t have to回答。

例如：Must I finish my homework now?

Yes, you must. / No, you ne edn’t.

④ must 和have to 的区别：

a) must没有人称、时态的变化，而have to根据人称、时态的变化，有不同的形式。

b) Must表示主观上必须做，而have to 表示客观需要。

例如: I must go now. 我必须走了。（我想走了）

I have to go now. 我不得不走了。（因为太晚了等原因，不得不走）

◆Need的用法：

Need既可以作“情态动词”，又可以作“实义动词”。

① Need作“情态动词”的用法：肯定：need 否定：needn’t.

a) need 作“情态动词” 时，多用于否定句和疑问句中，一般不用于肯定句。例如: You needn’t worry about us.

Need I water these fl owers now?

b) 作一般疑问句开头提问时：肯定用must回答，否定用needn’t回答。例如: Need I clean the room?

Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

② Need作“实义动词”的用法：

a)Need作“实义动词”时，可接名词或动词不定式。

肯定： need+名词 need+to d o 否定：d on’t need to d o

例如: I need some water, I am very thirsty.

肯定： I need to study hard.

否定：You don’t need to clean this room.

b) 疑问句式：要借助助动词 do /does.

例如: Does she need to do her homework now?

Do you need to water the tree?

3.shoul d, ought to

① should表示义务，意为“应该”。否定：shouldn’t 表示“不应该”。

②ought to表示义务，意为“应该”，语气更强。否定：ought not to表示“不应该”.例如：We should protect our environment.我们应该保护我们的环境。

We ought to protect our environment.我们应该保护我们的环境。

4.shall, will和woul d

① shall 表请求、建议，

例如：Shall we go shopping together?

② will表请求、意愿，woul d表对过去的意愿或者比will语气更委婉的请求

例如：I will not make this mistake again. 我不会再犯这样的错误了。

Will you open the d oor? 你可以打开下窗户吗？

Woul d you like a hamburger? 需要来一份汉堡吗？

5.had better 表“最好”，

例如：You had better take a taxi or you will be late.

◆注意：

①情态动词没有单复数形式变化，除了have to

例如：They have to face their problems.

②情态动词变为否定句直接在其后加not，回答时用相应的情态动词帮助回答,

例如：Can I help you?

Yes, of course. / I can. No, I can’t. (注意要用缩写形式回答,但may和might除外)

I can’t / cannot/ can not help you.

但是must的一般疑问句的否定回答例外，

例如：Must I finish my homework?

Yes, you must. No, you needn’t./ don’t have to.

③ have to 的否定形式用d o/d oes/did来完成。

例如：We don’t have to go there.

The boy didn’t have to go to school because there were no peopl e there yesterday.

④need作为实义动词，其否定形式和疑问句要用助动词do、d oes或did来帮助提问，

例如：I don’t need to get up e arly.

Parents need l ove their children more.

⑤ had better否定形式在better后加not，had通常可以和主语缩写。

例如：You'd better not make a mistake again.

课堂检测

I 单项选择。

1.Students _____ wear uniforms at school.

A.must

B. can

C. may

D. need

2.We _____ talk or speak l oudly in public places like hospitals, libraries or cinemas?

A.needn’t

B. mustn’t

C. may not

D. don’t

3.____ you tell me how to improve my memory?

A.Do

B. Can

C. Must

D. Should

4.I _____ neither read nor write at that time.

A.can

B. may

C. must

D. could

5.The conductor(售票员） said I ____ get off at the next stop.

A.must

B. had to

C. have to

D. would have to

6.—Whose T - shirt is this?

—It______ be John' s. It ‘s ______ small for him.

A. can't; much too B, can't; too much C. mustn't; much too D. mustn't; too much

. 7. -- May I go out now, Dad?

-- No. You______ let your mother know first.

A. can

B. may

C. need

D. must

8.— _______ we clean the classroom at once?

— No, you _______. You _______ clean it after school.

A. Must; needn’t; may

B. Must; mustn’t; can.

C. Shall; can’t; must

D. Need; mustn’t; may 9.–Do you think his story ______ true?--I d on’ think so. But it sounds good.

A. must be

B. may be

C. can be

D. has to be

10.. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger.

A. need

B. must

C. shoul d

D. may

系动词，助动词

语法精讲

第一章连系动词

一、定义

连系动词也称系动词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语，例如:

We are in Grad e six this year.

二、分类

连系动词可具体分为三类:

1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等要特别予以注意。

例如: He is a teacher. He was a soldier two years ago.

2、表示“感觉”的词，即感官动词，如l ook(看起来)，feel(觉得，摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)等感官动词后面加形容词。

3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如come，become, get, grow, turn, go 都解释为“变”、“变得”

例如：

① She becomes a coll ege stud ent.

② His face turns white.

③ The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.

三、难点解释

注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为行为动词，又可以作为连系动词。

1、look看；看起来

① He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词

② It l ooks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词

2、feel摸；感觉

① I feel someone touch my arm. (我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词

② I am not feeling well. (我今天感觉不太好。)连系动词

3、smell嗅；闻起来

① My little brother likes to smell the appl e before he eats it.

(我弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行为动词

② Great! The fl owers smell nice.

(这些花闻起来多香啊！)连系动词

4、sound弄响，发音；听起来

① The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.

② The song sounds very sweet.

5、taste品尝；尝起来

① Please taste the soup.

(请尝一口汤。)行为动词

② The soup tastes terrible.

(这汤尝起来味道太差了。)连系动词

6、get得到，获得；变

① There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.

(桌上有些香蕉，你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词

② The days are getting hot summer.连系动词

(夏天开始变热了。)

7、grow生长，种植；变

① Do you grow rice in your country?

(你们的国家种水稻吗？)行为动词

② It’s too late. It’s growing dark.

(太迟了，天渐渐变暗了。)连系动词

8、turn转动，使变得；变

① The earth turns around the sun.

(地球绕着太阳转。)行为动词

② When spring comes, the trees turn green and the fl owers come out. (春天来了，树叶变绿了，花儿开了。)连系动词

第二章助动词

一、定义

协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，

例如: He d oesn’t like English.他不喜欢英语。

二、最常用的助动词有:be，have，d o，shall，will，should，would

1. 助动词be的用法

(1) be +现在分词，构成进行时态

例如：They are having a meeting.

(2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态

例如：The wind ow is broken by Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。

2. 助动词have的用法

(1) have +过去分词，构成完成时态

例如：① He has l eft for London.他已去了伦敦。

② By the end of last month，they had finished half of their work.

(2) have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时

例如：I have been studying English for ten years.

3.助动词d o的用法

(1) 构成一般疑问句

例如：① Do you want to pass the exam？你想通过测试吗？

② Did you study English？你们学过英语吗？

(2) d o + not 构成否定句

例如：① I do not want to be criticized.

② He doesn’t like to study.

(3) 构成否定祈使句

例如：① Don’t go there.

② Don’t be so absent-mind ed.

(4) 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气

例如：Do come to my birthday party.

4. 助动词shall和will的用法

例如：① I shall study hard er at English.

② He will go to Shanghai.

5. 助动词should，would的用法

例如：① I telephones him to ask what I should do next week.

② He said he would come.

强化练习

I 单项选择。

1. My brother ____ a teacher. He ____ his stud ents very much.

A .is, like B. is, likes C. are, likes D. are, like

2. I ____ tired today.

A. become

B. feel

C. look

D. are

3. You ____ pale（苍白的）. What’s wrong with you?

A. turn

B. seem

C. look

D. become

II用适当的助动词填空。

1. ____ you like this magazine?

2. The girl____ like bread for breakfast.

3. What____ she do at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.

4. They____ not like playing volleyball.

5. Does Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he ____

6. ____ Helen with Yang Ling go to school by bike every day?

7. How many kites____ we have? ---We have ten.

二、英语书面表达专项训练

2．假如你是阳光中学的李华，你校成功举办了“中华诗词朗诵比赛”，请用英语写一篇短文，介绍活动情况并呼吁更多的人参与这样的活动。内容要点如下：

注意事项：

（1）须包括所给内容要点，要求语句通顺、行文连贯作、适当发挥；

（2）词数在80个左右，文稿的开头已给出，不计入总词数；

参考词汇：中华诗词朗诵比赛 Chinese Poetry Reciting Competition;表现 performance; 高度评价think highly of ;朗诵recite;天赋gift;免费的free

I'm Li Hua from Sunshine Middle School. Our school...

【答案】I'm Li Hua from Sunshine Middle School. Our school held a Chinese Poetry Reciting Competition on the afternoon of May 23rd. It was held in the school hall. The competition is held every tram. This year it was a big success again. All the teachers and students thought highly of the students' wonderful performances. Wang Li from Grade 8 won the first prize. She has a real gift for reciting .Each winner won a free ticket for the book show.

I hope more people will take part in this activity and enjoy the beautiful Chinese culture

【解析】

【详解】

本题是一篇给材料作文，介绍“中华诗词朗诵比赛”活动情况并呼吁更多的人参与这样的活动。短文用第一人称和第三人称，还会用到被动语态的句子。写作思路：考生需要首先审清主题，围绕主题展开作文，其次考生可根据表格中的要点提示去写作。文章必须包括要点中所给的信息，但不要逐句翻译，并补充两条个人的观点。在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。

3．近年来，各大城市雾霾（haze）情况越来越严重，整个国家的空气污染状况令人担忧。请分析空气污染的现象，原因，应对措施，写一份英文的倡议书，呼吁大家保护环境，减少对空气的污染。

要点提示：

（1）我国空气污染的现象。（至少写2点）

（2）空气污染产生的原因。（至少写2点）

（3）减少空气污染的措施。（至少写2点）

要求：

（1） 80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。

（2）文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。

Dear students ,

As we all know , hazy days have been influencing our lives a lot in recent years . That warns us of the serious

airpollution_____________________________________________________________________

_______

【答案】Dear students,

As we all know, hazy days have been influencing our lives a lot in recent years. That warns us of the serious air pollution. Big factories, power plants and cars all can cause air pollution. For example, chemicals in the smoke from power stations cause a lot of damage. Besides, the people's activities are also the sources of air pollution such as throwing the rubbish and smoking. What's more, the more trees are cut down, the less polluted air can absorb. Air pollution is becoming more and more serious, so we should take some measures such as planting more trees and stop factories from sending out waste air, what's more, we had better walk or take a bus. Protecting the environment is our duty. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇材料作文，根据材料中的相关信息介绍一下整个国家的空气污染状况。所提供的材料中列举了近年来，各大城市雾霾（haze）情况越来越严重，主要从空气污染的现象，原因，应对措施三个方面去介绍。时态为一般现在时。注意作文中必须包含材料上的所有信息，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意时态、时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。

【高分句型一】

We had better walk or take a bus. 我们最好步行或乘公共汽车。这里had better表示最好，后面跟动词原形，take a bus表示乘公共汽车。

【高分句型二】

Protecting the environment is our duty. 保护环境是我们的职责。这里Protecting the environment 做主语，用的是动词的ing形式。

4．从下面两个题目中任选一题

．．．．，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

题目①

假如你是李华，本周六龙湖公园将举办端午节游园活动。你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter 和你一起参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他你们见面的时间、地点，在那儿可以做些什么以及他需要做什么准备。

提示词语: meet, take part in, the dragon boat race, make Zongzi, camera…

提示问题:

When and where are you going to meet?

What can you do there?

What do you advise Peter to prepare?

Dear Peter,

How is it going?

This Saturday is the Dragon Boat Festival. There will be a lot of interesting activities in Longhu Park. I’m writing to invite you to go there with me.

__________________________________________________________________________

I’m looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

题目②

“我们都在努力奔跑, 我们都是追梦人。”有梦想就有目标, 有希冀才会奋斗。某英文网站正

在开展以“We Are All Dreamers”为主题的征文活动, 假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿。谈谈你的梦想是什么？你为什么会有这样的梦想？为了实现你的梦想, 你打算怎么做？提示词语：want to be, like, study hard, come true...

提示问题：● What's your dream and why?

● What will you do to make your dream come true?

【答案】例文：Dear peter,

How is it going?

This Saturday is the Dragon Boat Festival. There will be a lot of interesting activities inLonghu Park. I’m writing to invite you to go there with me. We are going to meet at the south gate of Longhu Park at 9 o’clock. We can watch the dragon boat race. It’s very exciting. After that, we will learn how to make Zongzi. I think you will be interested in it. By the way, you can take a camera or your smart phone if you want to take some photos.

I’m looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇给材料作文，给Peter写一封信，邀请他参加端午节游园活动，告诉我们见面的

时间、地点以及要做的活动。

【详解】

结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一、三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：This Saturday is……，There will be……，We are going to……，We can watch……等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】

本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头表示我邀请你参加端午节游园活动，接下来介绍我们见面的时间和地点以及可以做的事，最后期望收到你的回复。此处invite sb to do sth, learn to do

sth, be interested in, by the way, look forward to等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。

5．书面表达

86.某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为“How to keep a good relationship with parents”的征文活动。请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。

（1）父母规矩太多，不允许晚上出去，过于强调学习成绩，不理解自己。

（2）你应该理解父母，他们是爱孩子的，希望孩子前程似锦。

（3）你与父母保持良好关系的做法：努力学习，听父母话。

（4）……（至少一条）。

要求：

（1）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

（2）文中不得出现真实的姓名与校名。

（3）词数：80～100个。

（4）短文的开头己给出，不计入总词数。

How to keep a good relationship with parents

In my opinion, I have too many rules at home. My parents never allow me...

【答案】How to keep a good relationship with parents

In my opinion, I have too many rules at home. My parents never allow me to go out with my friends at night. They don’t allow me to choose my own clothes, either. And they pay too much attention to my exam results. I think my parents don’t quite understand me.

However, I try my best to understand them. Although they don’t allow me to make my own decisions and give me too much pressure, I know that it is because they really love me and want me to have a bright future.

In order to keep a good relationship with my parents, I study hard, listen to them, talk to them as friends, tell them my troubles, and help them do more housework.

【解析】

【详解】

某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为“How to keep a good relationship with parents”的征文活动。请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。注意文中用第一人称书写；2.时态以一般现在时为主；3.体裁为说明文，可稍加评论；4.合理想象，发表你对压力的看法；5.语句通顺。意思连贯；

【点睛】

本文语句通顺，段落分明。文中用到了一些好的句型：However, I try my best to understand them. Although they don’t allow me to make my own decisions and give me too much pressure,这里给文章增色不少。

6．书面表达

假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Alex来信说他要来中国做交换生。请根据以下信息给Alex写一封回信，介绍一下你的近况，并给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。

写作要点：

1. 欢迎他来中国。

2. 介绍你的近况：

（1）大多数时间忙于复习备考。

（2）有时在户外做运动。

（3）很少有时间外出娱乐。

3. 给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。

写作要求：

1、不得使用真实的姓名和学校名。

2、可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。

3、字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。

4、至少80词。

Dear Alex，

How are you doing ?_________________________________________________________

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Ming

【答案】Dear Alex，

How are you doing? You said that you would come to China as an exchange student in your last letter. Welcome to China. You want to know about me. Let me tell you. I have been spending most of my time reviewing for exams these days. Sometimes I do sports outdoors. But I seldom have time to go out for fun.

You said you will worry about how to get along with students when you are in China. In fact, you don’t have to be worried about it. Chinese people are friendly. You should take an active part in all kinds of activities in school. If your friends have some questions, you should help them. They'll thank you for your help. You can bring some small gifts to your classmates when you are invited to their homes. I hope you can get on well with your classmates.

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Ming 【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇书信作文，假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Alex来信说他要来中国做交换生。请根据以下信息给Alex写一封回信，介绍一下你的近况，并给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。注意书信的格式。本文人称主要是第一和第二人称，时态主要是一般现在时。认为阅读材料，认真审题，确定主题，认真阅读所给提示，所给提示就是本文的提纲要点，根据要点适当发挥，列出提纲。短文必须包含提示内容，条理清楚，至少80词。要运用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有连贯性。写完以后，注意再读一遍，看看有无单词拼写、标点、语法错误（时态、主谓一致等）。本文提纲：

亲爱的亚历克斯，

你好吗？你在上一封信中说你将作为交换生来中国。欢迎来到中国。你想了解我最近忙些什么。让我告诉你。这几天我大部分时间都在复习考试。有时我在户外运动。但我很少有时间出去玩。

你说你在中国时会担心如何与学生相处。事实上，你不必担心。中国人很友好。你应该积极参加学校的各种活动。如果你的朋友有问题，你应该帮助他们。他们会感谢你的帮助。当你被邀请去他们家时，你可以给你的同学带一些小礼物。我希望你能和同学们相处得很好。

最美好的祝福！

你的，

李明

【点睛】

书面表达要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。语言要规范，时态运用要正确，叙述清楚条里，学习中注意总结，牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理。注意书写的规范：大小写、标点符号等的正确运用。注意检查：单词拼写、语法、动词时态、语序、主谓一致等。写作六步法：1.审题：文体，时态，人称。2.抓住要点：要点是否齐全，适当补充。3.扩充句子：通过增加状语，定语，连词，使句子意思饱满充实。4.连句成文，合理使用连词。5.改正错误：拼写是否错误，语法时态是否正确，连词是否恰当等。6.誊写作文：注意书写工整美观整洁。

7．请你根据下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”为题，用英语写一篇演讲稿。

参考词汇：enter society 进入社会， sense of thanks 感恩意识， behavior 行为

要求：1.短文应包括所提供的所有内容，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译；

2.演讲稿中不得出现真实的人名、地名及能够透露你个人身份的信息；

3.词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Good morning, boys and girls!

The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express

thanks”.______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________

___________________

In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and so on. At present, we should study harder in order to make our world more beautiful.

Thank you for your listening!

【答案】书面表达参考范文（一）：

Good morning, boys and girls!

The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find some students want to eat well and wear fashionable clothes at school. When they leave school and enter society, they don’t show any sense of thanks.

I think this behavior is not correct. As students, we should learn to express thanks. The society offers us a chance to receive good education. And our parents also support us to go to school. Our teachers teach us much knowledge, so we should thank them. We should also thank our friends because they give us courage and support.

In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and so on. At present, we should study harder in order to make our world more beautiful.

Thank you for your listening!

书面表达参考范文（二）：

Learn to express thanks

Good morning, boys and girls!

The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find most Middle School students don’t show any sense of “Thanks”. They think that they are certain of eating well and wearing fashionable clothes.

As Middle School students, we should learn to express thanks. We should thank our parents for supporting us to go to school. And we should express thanks to our hardworking teachers who teach us much knowledge. Besides, our friends always give us encouragement and help.

In a word, we are lucky in everything. But we should learn to express thanks. In the future, I should study harder to repay our parents and teachers. I should go to my friends to share their happiness and sadness.

Thank you for your listening!

【解析】

这是一篇给材料作文，要求写一篇关于感恩的演讲稿。写作中注意将材料按照材料提示进行介绍，通过材料可知这篇短文主要使用的人称就是第一人称，时态为一般现在时态。动笔前可以按照材料内容列出简单提纲，写出关键单词。写作中注意使用连接词，做到语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。由于是演讲类作文，尤其注意应用一些常见句式、短语来提高我们

的表达水平。

8．书面表达。

29.假如你是李华，你最近认识的美国笔友David给你发了一封电子邮件，向了解你进初三以来在学习和生活方面的一些变化、收获和感受。请根据下面的提示及你的实际写封回信。

提示：less free time，much homework，more pressure，get into a good high school

more exercise，lose weight join the English Comer，improve English a lot

colorful and meaningful，learn more knowledge

注意：1）词数80左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数；

2）回复须包括所有药店，可适当发挥，使全文连贯、通顺；

3）文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。

Dear David，

Thank you so much for your mail. I'm happy to tell you about how my life has changed recently.

【答案】Dear David，

Thank you so much for your mail. I'm happy to tell you about how my life has changed recently. In the past , I had a lot of free time. In my free time , I used to take more exercise to lose weight. My life has changed a lot since I got into a good high school. I have more pressure . I have much homework to do every day . I have less free time to do leisure activities. In my spare time , I join in the English corner to practice my spoken English. This improves my English a lot . I learn more knowledge . My life is busy but it is colorful and meaningful.

Best wishes，

Li Hua

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇材料作文。

【详解】

根据题干“假如你是李华，你最近认识的美国笔友David给你发了一封电子邮件，向了解你进初三以来在学习和生活方面的一些变化、收获和感受。”要求可知，本文用现在完成时、一般现在时和一般过去时，人称是第一人称。

英语作文一般分为三个部分：

第一部分：开篇点题——介绍我进初三以来在学习和生活方面的一些变化、收获和感受。第二部分：文章主体——根据提示内容，依次介绍我进初三以来在学习和生活方面的一些变化、收获和感受。

这里要分为三个小节：

小节1：过去我的学习和生活是什么样的——有肯多课余时间做自己喜欢的事情。用一般

过去时。

小节2：进初三以来在学习和生活方面发生了变化。用现在完成时。

小节3：介绍现在的生活状态——忙碌的学习。用一般现在时。

第三部分：总结全文——我的生活很忙但是很有意义。

9．“苔花如米小，也学牡丹开。”我们大多数人虽微不足道，但也能有所作为。请以“One Thing I Felt V ery Proud Of”为题用英语写一篇短文，描述你曾做过的引以自豪的一件事情。要求： 1. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；

2. 词数80左右。

One Thing I Felt Very Proud Of

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________

【答案】I will never forget how proud I felt when I succeeded in making delicious dishes for my mother.

To show my love for my mother, I decided to cook some dishes for her on her birthday. I tried many times but failed before she came back. Especially when makin g fried eggs, I couldn’t control the temperature of oil and got several eggs burned. However, I didn’t give up, and finally I succeeded. Watching the delicious food on the table, my mother was moved to tears.

I felt proud of cooking on my own.

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇话题作文。

【详解】

根据题干““苔花如米小，也学牡丹开。”我们大多数人虽微不足道，但也能有所作为。请以“One Thing I Felt Very Proud Of”为题用英语写一篇短文，描述你曾做过的引以自豪的一件事情。”要求可知，本文用一般过去时，人称用第一人称。

英语作文一般分为三个部分：

第一部分：开篇点题——我将介绍曾做过的引以自豪的一件事情。

第二部分：文章主体——具体介绍这件事情的始末。

根据事情发展顺序，从先到后交代事情的经过，我做了什么，为什么引以为傲。

这些内容用一般过去时，注意动词的过去式变形。

第三部分：总结全文——我为自己感到骄傲。

英语语法-助动词和情态动词用法及习题

目录 1助动词和情态动词的定义 (2) 2 can，may，must (3) 3 Will you～？和Shall I（we）～？ (10) 4 would和should (14) 5 have to (16) 练习题 (17) 答案 (18)

1助动词和情态动词的定义在英语中，助动词一般没有词义，主要帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。对于助动词，同学们一般了解即可。情态动词与助动词不同，它有词义，但它也和助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语，另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词后必须跟动词原形。（×）She cans swim well. （×）She can swims well. （○）She can swim well. （○）She swims well. 即使主语是第三人称单数（例如she）can也不能加“s”。句子中有情态动词can时，即使主语是第三人称单数，也不能在一般动词（例如swim）上加“s”。 1 助动词的种类 1.be（am，are，is，was，were，been，being）它与现在分词结合，可以构成进行时态（参见第九章），与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态（参见第十三章）。 I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。 The book was written by me. 这本书是我写的。 2. have（has，had，having）它与过去分词结合，构成完成时态（参见第十一章）。 I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。 3.shall（should），will（would）

助动词和情态动词

助动词和情态动词 1. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. ---Ah, good morning. You______ be Mrs. Peters. （10北京） A. might B. must C. would D. can 2. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? （10江西） A. Must B Can C May D Will 3. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man （10安徽） A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. （10山东） A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 5. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. （10辽宁） A．can B．will C．must D．may 6．Wine ____ do good to people’s health if drunk properly. A. can B. should C. must D. might 7. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 8. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t attend C. mustn’t have attended D. can’t attend 9. ---Has Mr. Tom White arrived? ---Yes, already. ____ he wait outside or just come in? A. Shall B. May C. Could D. Must 10. Walking in space ____ sound easy, yet great care and skills are needed. A. should B. shall C. may D. must 11. ---Amazing! You ____ wear slippers at work! ----Don’t you know it’s a fashion? A. must B. should C. can D. may 12. ---The two astronauts had been trained for long before they flew to space. ---Oh, they ____ quite a lot of difficulties. A. might go through B. may go through C. should have gone through D. must have gone through 13. ---Can I pay the bill by check? ---Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ____ be paid in cash. A. will B. can C. should D. shall 14. ---Catherine looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? ---Yes, but I ____ her just before her final exams.

初中英语情态动词的基本用法讲解

初中英语情态动词的基本用法讲解 1. can （could） 1）表示能力，could 主要指过去时间。 Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 The temperature can fall to —60 °C , that is 60 °C below freezing. 气温可降至一60 C，也就是零下60 C。 He can't （couldn't） have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 3）表示允许。 Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Where can （could） they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？ He can't （couldn't） be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？ 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Can （Could） you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？ I' m afraid we couldn 't give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2. may （might） 1）表允许，might 可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。 May （Might） I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don' t ./ You' d better not. / No, you mustn ' t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。 They might be having a meeting, but I ' m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 3. must 1）表示义务。意为“必须” （主观意志）。 We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 You mustn' t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。 --Must we hand in our exercise —books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？ --No, you needn' t. / No, you don' t have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn' t）2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)第一讲

be 动词、助动词、情态动词讲解（基础篇） 1、用单数，反之用复数。 ◆ 句中含有be动词时：肯定句：主语＋be ＋其他否定句：主语＋be ＋not ＋其他一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋其他＋？特殊疑问句：疑问词(what / who / when / where)＋be ＋主语＋其他＋？ I am a teacher. You are right. She is 16 years old. My father is at home. The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall. There are two books on the table. ★ be 动词用法歌：我用am，你用are，is 连接他她它。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃；变否定，更容易，be 后not 莫忘记；疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be 动词作谓语，它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。她个子很高。她在教室里。她是一个高个子的女孩。 2、助动词的用法。英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”，即，我们常说的“主语+ 谓语+ 其他” 。 ①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时：肯定句：I / We / They / The students

＋动词原形＋其他＋。 We watch TV every night. 变否定：主语＋don't ＋动词原形＋其他＋。 We don't watch TV every night. 一般疑问句Do + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ Do you watch TV every night? Yes, we do. / No, we don 't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ do + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ How often do you watch TV? ②主语为单数名词或代词时：肯定句：主语+ 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他+ 。 He watches TV every night. 否定句：主语+ doesn't+动词原形+其他+。 He doesn't watch TV every night. 一般疑问句：Does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ Does he watch TV every night? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn 't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ How often does he watch TV? ★主语为单数或不可数名词，谓语要用单数第三人称，反过来，看见动词用了单数第三人称，可以推知主语是单数或不可数名词。 ( )1. How __ ______ your dad help at home? A. do B. does C. is ( )2. ______ goes bad easily in summer. A. Milk B Apples C. Cakes ③过去时的句式（当句子时态为过去时时，动词用过去式，不受主语单复数的影响）肯定句：主语+ 过去式+ 其他+ 。 He / We got up early every morning last year. 否定句：主语+ didn't + 动词原形+ 其他+ 。 He / We didn't get up early every morning last year. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ Did he / you get up early every morning last year? Yes, he

情态动词与虚拟语气

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① may表示请求，might语气更委婉，例如：May I help you? Might I sit here? ② may表示肯定的推测，语气比can更弱，might对过去的推测例如：Mary may be doing her homework now. May can be doing her homework now. can表达的推测语气比may更强，更有把握。 3. must和have to ①must表示命令、责任，意为“一定，必须”，must not/ mustn’t表禁止，“一定不要”，例如：Children must stay away from strangers.孩子一定要远离陌生人。 You mustn’t play fire because it’s dangerous. 千万不要玩火，因为太危险了。拓展：在表示禁止时，会用“No Doing”来表示，如No Smoking. / No Walking.等。 ② must表示推测，语气比can更强. 例如：Mr. Liu must be on holiday now because he is wearing pants. 刘老师现在肯定在度假因为他正穿着平底裤呢！（上课是要穿正装的） ③ Must作一般疑问句开头提问时：肯定用must回答，否定用needn’t或d on’t have to回答。例如：Must I finish my homework now? Yes, you must. / No, you ne edn’t. ④ must 和have to 的区别： a) must没有人称、时态的变化，而have to根据人称、时态的变化，有不同的形式。 b) Must表示主观上必须做，而have to 表示客观需要。

初中英语情态动词讲解

情态动词（一）情态动词的定义: 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点 1. 情态动词有一定的词义。 2. 情态动词不能单独做谓语，它必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语。 3. 情态动词没有人称，数的变化。（三）情态动词的结构和意义 1.情态动词的基本句型 ?肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形+...... ?否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+...... ?疑问句：情态动词+主语+动词原形+...... 2. 情态动词的意义 must“必须”；can/could“能，会”；may/might “可以”；should“应该”； would“愿，要”；have to“不得不”；need“需要” （四）情态动词的基本用法 1.can (could主要指过去时间) 1）表示人或物本身所具有的能力，意为“能，能够，会” : Two eyes can see more than one. / I can swim very well. 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上） He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 3）表示允许： Can I have a look at your new pen? He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 4）表示对现在动作或状态的猜测，主要用于否定句和疑问句中或感叹句中: He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty.他不可能超过六十岁。 5）could表示比can更委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法，指的是现在时间。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？ 2. may (might) 1）表允许，询问或说明一件事可不可以做，might指过去时间；但在疑问句中might也可指现在时间，语气比may更委婉。 May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，肯定回答是一般可仍用may,或Yes, please. / Certainly./Sure./Of course. ；否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到弱分别选用: must not(mustn’t)（禁止）/ had better not（最好别）/ may not（不行） 2) may表可能,但所表示的可能性不如can所表示的那样肯定。might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 3. must（have to表示客观需要） 1）表示“必须”（主观看法）时，用于肯定句或疑问句；用于否定句时表示“禁止”。 We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 You must get home before 9:00. 2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 3)must的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。 4. should 1）表责任或义务，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。

助动词与情态动词练习题.docx

1.If they _____ to do this work, he might do it some other way. A. were B. should C. will D. can A. should have sent B. were going to send C. should be sending D. should send 3.Let's take a walk, ____? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we 4.He was a good swimmer so he _____ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. A.could B.might C.should D.was able to 5.I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ____ see me.

A.can B.may C.might D.could 6.---- _____ this book be yours? ---- No, it ____ not be mine. It ____ be his. A. Can, must, may B. May, might, must C. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may 7."We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. " "He _____ it. " A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. need have attended A. can have missed B. may have missed C. can have lost D. may have lost 9.Since the ground is white, it _____ last night. A. had snowed B. must have snowed

(完整word版)初中英语情态动词的基本用法讲解

初中英语情态动词的基本用法讲解 1.can (could) 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。 Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃below freezing. 气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。 He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 3）表示允许。 Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？ He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？ 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？ I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2.may (might) 1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。 May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。 They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 3. must 1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 You mustn’t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。 --Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？ --No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn’t）2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定