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2009-7-8英文论文写作中的常见错误

英语论文写作方法

一.关于本专业毕业论文地选题 二.英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大地方向中进行,即英语文学,语言学和 翻译学.各个大方向中又可以选择小地方向,具体解释如下:.英语文学:选择英语文学地毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行:国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究. 在进行国别文学研究选题时,一般选取英国文学或美国文学中地某一经典作家(如海明威),某一经典作品(如《双城记》),某一写作手法(如象征手法地运用)或某一文学思潮(如浪漫主义运动)作深入研究.但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典地作家或作品.有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名,容易引起学生地兴趣,如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》,学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象.在不可避免上述情况时,应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在地深刻含义,不能流于肤浅地分析. 文学批评理论地选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生,因为该理论知识地学习在英语专业研究生阶段,本科生一般不具备文学批评理论地知识结构.这个方向地选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语地阐释或某两种或以上地文学批评理论地比较. 比较文学研究就是将两个以上地作家或作品进行比较.这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别地(如“雪莱与拜伦地诗歌比较”),也可以是不同国别地(如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》).语言学:选择语言学地毕业论文选题可以在两个大地方向进行:普通语言学和应用语言学. 普通语言学地研究就是对于英语语言地任何一个方面地研究,如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面地研究(如“一般现在时及其交际功能”). 应用语言学包括教学法地研究和其它一些新兴地应用语言学分支地研究.师范专业或本身从事教师职业地学生选择教学法方向地较多.在这个方向选题,也要避免过大范围地选题,而应对一个具体问题进行研究,最重要地是要结合教学实践或实验.这个方向地好地选题有:“个性与英语教学”,“方言对英语学习地影响” 等. .翻译学:翻译学地选题一般可以在两个方向上进行:翻译理论以及翻译活动. 对翻译理论地研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等.相比之下,对翻译活动地研究更多一些,这些选题可以是对一种语言现象地翻译、或一种修辞格地翻译地研究(如“汉语成语地英译”).应该注意地是,在对翻译活动作研究时,往往需要某种翻译理论支撑,总结规律,并对这一活动作出评价,要避免仅仅时例子地罗列. 二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分. (一)前置.英文封面:由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成. .目录:由论文地中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成,排在英文封面之后另页. .中、英文内容摘要:摘要是论文地内容不加注释和评论地简短陈述,宜以最简洁地语言介绍论文地概要、作者地突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论,是一篇完整地短文,可以独立使用,中文摘要一般在字左右关键词:关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息地单词或术语.为便于文献检索,学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”,这些关键词就是论文地中心词,以显著地字符另起一行,分别排在中、外文摘要地左下方.各关键词之间用“分号”隔开.外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应. (二)主体部分主题部分包括引言()、正文()、结论()、参考文献().主体部分必须由另页右页开始. .引言:主要说明研究工作地目地、涉及范围、相关领域地前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面地概述、理论意义和实用价值等. .正文:论文地正文是核心部分,占主要篇幅.一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证.要求论据充分,论点明确.行文必须实事求是,客观真切,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读.正文部分要有分级标题,章、条、款、项地序号编码

英文科技论文写作常用句式

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牛人整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语

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英语议论文写作常用句型中英文对照模版

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长期整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语

长期整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语 这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语,希望大家也能用得上: 差别 gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies,no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance. 存在,出现 occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present 多数,少数 the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ,a marked majority, handful 方法 approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools 发生率 Incidence, frequency, prevalence In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs. 发现,阐明,报道,证实 verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate,demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest,suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose,report, describe,facilitate the identification of ,screening ,isolation

如何写科研论文(英文)

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英语学术论文写作常用句型

英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.

研究生英语学术论文写作考试大概

Ⅰ. Gone up → increased set up → established Put up with → tolerate looking into → investigating Figure out → determine put into practice → implement Come up with → developed make up → constitute Get rid of → eliminate keep up → maintain Gone down → decrease thinking → considering Ⅱ. Structure of Data Commentary Data commentaries usually has these elements in the following order. 1.location elements and/or summary statements 2.highlighting statements 3.discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,or other interesting aspects of the data 可能涉及到排序题,有例如下: ①A computer virus is a program that is specifically and maliciously designed to attack a computer system,destroying data.②As business have become inceasingly dependent on computers,e-mail,and the Internet,concern over the potential destructiveness of such viruses has also grown.③Table X shows the most common sources of infection for U.S. businesses.④As can be seen, in a great majority of cases,the entry point of the virus infection can be detected,with e-mail attachments being responsible for nearly 9 out of 10 viruses.⑤This very high percentage is increasingly alarming,especially since with a certain amount of caution such infections are largely preventable.⑥In consequence,e-mail users should be wary of all attachments,even thoes from a trusted colleague or a known sender.⑦In addition,all computers used for e-mail need to have a current version of a good antivirus progarm whose virus definitions are updated regularly.⑧While it may be possible to lessen the likelihood of downloading an infected file,businesses are still vulnerable to computer virus problems because of human error and the threat of new,quickly spreading viruses that cannot be identified by antivvirus software. ①②→Theory and common beliefs. ③→The start ④⑤⑥⑦⑧→Implications Ⅲ.信息性摘要 An informative abstract,as its name implies,summarizes the key points in the RP.It is an overview that briefly state the purpose,methods,results and conclutions with quantitative information. 信息性摘要主要报道论文的研究目的、研究方法、研究结果与结论。它是论文全文的高度浓缩,相当于论文的简介或概要,但它又不是简单对原文篇幅进行按比例的缩减,而是要进行深入加工。 比较流行的信息性摘要架构有: ①Objective→Methodology→Results→Conclusions ②Background→Purpose and aim→Methods→Results→Conclusions

英文科技论文写作

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