【高考强化】2019届高三英语二轮复习 语法专题13 代词

2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题

专题12 代词

一．语法概念巧掌握：

（一）定义与分类

代词是代替名词及相当于名词的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词等九类。（二）人称代词的用法

人称代词：

表示"我""你""他""我们""你们""他们"的词叫人称代词。人称代词并不全指人，也指物。有三种人称，每个人称又分为单数和复数（第二人称单数和复数同形）。人称代词还有主格和宾

如：I go to school every day.我每天去上学。

（2）第一人称复数we代表说话者一方（二人或者二人以上）"我们"。

如： We are swimming now.我们现在正在游泳。

（3）第二人称单数、复数you代表听话者或者对方（复数you代表二人或二人以上）。如：Are you ready, Sam? 萨姆，你准备好了吗？

（4）第三人称包括he、she、it. He "他" 代表已经提到过的男人。 she"她" 代表已经提到过的女人。It "它"代表已经提到过的事物。

如： He is the tallest in the class. 他在班里是最高的。

She has a little brother. 她有个小弟弟。

I have a handbag. It is black. 我有个手提包，它是黑色的。

（5）第三人称复数they "他们" 代表已经提到过的一些人或者一些事物，这个词没有性别之分。如：Where are the teachers? They are over there. 老师们在哪里？他们在那边。Where are the apples? They are in the drawer. 苹果在哪里？它们在抽屉里。

注：1）人称代词主格在句中主要做主语。

如：We went to the zoo yesterday.我昨天去动物园了。

2）人称代词宾格在句中主要作宾语。

如： Can you help me? 你能帮我吗？

3）人称代词做表语时一般用宾格。

如：Who is that? It's me. 是谁呀？是我。

4)在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代词代替主格代词。

如：He is taller than me. 它比我高。

He loves you more than me. 她爱你胜过爱我。

5）两个以上的代名词并行排列时，其次序为：

a) 单数人称代词：you he I.如：You, he and I are good friends.

b) 复数人称代词为：we you they. 如We and they went to the Great Wall yesterday

c) 第三人称He和 she 同时使用时，先说he,后说she.

如：He and she were late for school this morning.他和她今天早上都上学迟到了。（三）物主代词的用法：

表示所有关系的代词, 它与人称代词一样，也分第一人称、第二人称、第三人称，每个人称分单数和复数。物主代词有形容词性和名词性两种。

如：His brother is an engineer. 他的哥哥是位工程师。

2). 名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能使用名词。在句中做主语、宾语、表语或连用of 作定语等。如： This is my pen. Yours is yellow. 这是我的钢笔。你的笔是黄色的。My pen is broken. Please give me yours. 我的钢笔坏了。请把你的给我吧。This house is ours。这个房子是我们的。Here is my dog. Its name is Tom. 这是我的狗，它的名字叫汤姆。注：可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。

有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如：Don’t lose heart. 别灰心 She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。

（四）反身代词的用法

表示反射（指一个动作反射到该动做执行者本身）或者强调（即用来加强名词或代词的语气）的代词叫反身代词。

1）．反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性别、数上保持一致。如： He saw himself in the mirror. 他在镜子里看见了自己。在这句话中，反身代词himself 与主语he 是指同一个人。

2）．反身代词还可以用于名词或代词之后或句末，表示强调。

如： I myself do it. 那是我亲自做的。这句话还可以说成：I do it myself.

注：用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态。如：

I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。

I’m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服

（五）相互代词的用法

英语的相互代词只有each other和one another，它们在句中通常只用作宾语，不能用作主语或状语等。如：Students should help one another. 学生应该互相帮助。 We had known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。

注：相互代词可以有所有格形式(each other’s, one another’s)。如：

They often stay in one another's house. 他们常常在彼此的家里住,另外，有人认为 each other用于两者，one another用于三者，但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。

六、指示代词的用法

用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。它们主要有：this 这个 that 那个 these这些 those 那些。其他还有：such这样的 same同样的 so这样。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。如： These are my pens.

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