有关英语阅读的一些感悟

有关英语阅读教学的一些感悟

尊敬的各位老师：

下午好！非常高兴能有这样一个机会与大家交流！

作为一名一线教师，在英语阅读教学中，我有过许多的疑惑与思索，也有不少的感悟与心得，希望藉今天这个平台与大家交流并产生共鸣！

说起来很惭愧也很遗憾，在几年前，我是这样处理阅读课的：先扫清生词障碍，听录音，朗读，默读找短语，逐句翻译并讲解重点句式。

通过几年来的学习，培训，思考不知不觉中，我对阅读课及阅读材料的处理方式发生的本质的变化。所以我不仅感谢秋月对我的关注和培养，更感谢她为我们开展了丰富多彩的教研活动，使我开阔了眼界，增长了见闻。有一句话说得好：眼界决定境界。从前我喜欢出来教研，但目的比较功利：出来走走，见见许久不见的同学和朋友，早点回家休息或者是逛街。而现在几乎每次教研活动结束后，我都会上网查询相关材料，以便能对所学习的女人有进一步的了解和感悟。而且这些培训内容具有极强的针对性和实践性，马上就可以学以致用，在教学中发挥作用。

我对阅读课教学的感悟，一、阅读材料只是载体，而不是主体。二、要充分利用合理利用课本阅读资源提高学生阅读能力。三、根据不同的阅读目的，引导和指导学生制定不同的阅读策略，采取相应的阅读方法。四、逐步帮助学生改掉不良或不恰当的阅读方法。

下面我就根据《新课程标准》和教材中的阅读段来谈谈我在教学中的一些浅见和具体做法：

新英语课程标准把阅读技能目标描述为:朗读各种文体、诗词、报刊杂志、原著及各种商品说明书等非专业技术性资料并理解大意，找出或获取中心意思、作者意图、观点和态度的相关信息。根据情景、上下文、构词法、句子结构来猜测生词或词组的意思，句子结构、理解句子，理顺事件发生顺序，人物行为，预测事件情节和可能的结局。用资料、工具书、等不同资源、渠道，推理、提取筛选、重组加工信息，解决各种问题。进而培养良好的阅读习惯、阅读策略，形成阅读兴趣，最终提高阅读能力。

一、阅读材料只是载体，而不是主体。

英语阅读作为语言技能的重要组成部分，作为语言输入的主要环节之一，在英语教学中占有重要地位著名学者柯鲁克先生曾一再主张把英语的大量阅读当作英语教学的主要手段。

。阅读课的主要目的不是把课文肢解了之后去学习其中琐碎的语言点，而是通过阅读语段，

获取更多信息、知识，拓展视野，激发学习兴趣，提高人文素养，提高分析、思考能力、判断能力，同时也提升阅读能力。以今天的阅读课九单元Reading为例：学习本课后，学生们最大的收获应该是：了解并能应用mind-mapping帮助阅读和学习，并加深对篮球及其历史的了解。

二、要充分利用合理利用课本阅读资源提高学生阅读能力。根据不同的阅读目的，引导和指导学生制定不同的阅读策略，采取相应的阅读方法。

教材中的阅读语段都具有典型性，时代性和代表性。盲目的选择，不如充分开发教材资源再做适当的补充。所以无论是教材中的3a,还是reading我们26中备课组都已经形成了一套有效、易操作的教法。能够体现学生主体作用，激发学生阅读兴趣，促进学生体验参与，形成学生良好的阅读习惯并结合中考考点。具体做法如下：

1.快速泛读（fast extensive reading）回答“整体理解性问题”

如8单元I’ll send you a photo of Lucky.我设置了整体问题：“What kind of letter do you think it is ?还有1单元How do we deal with our problems?的问题是What’s the article about ?How can we deal with our problems? 学生快速阅读后，回答以上的“大问题”对语段有了整体印象并加

深对重点段落和整篇文章的理解。

2.略读 (skimming)

略读又称跳读(reading and skipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读，是指以尽可能快的速度阅读，如同从飞机上鸟瞰(bird's eye view )地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。

略读有下列三个特点：如What’s the aim of basketball ? Why is the Berlin Olympic Games important for basketball?

(1)以极快的速度阅读大量材料，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。 (2)可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读(3)根据文章的难易程度和达到的目的，不断灵活地调整阅读速度。

略读可以运用下列技巧： (1)要利用印刷细节(typegraphical details)，如书或文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等，对书和文章进行预测略读(preview skimming)。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式)，以便把握大意，有关的细节及其相互关系。这一策略的应用在1单元How do we deal with our problems?中体现得最为明显。

(2)以一般阅读速度(200～250wpm)，阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情况、作者的文章风格、口吻或语气等。

(3)阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度。例如7单元的I’d love to sail across the Pacific .

(4)注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however, moreover, in addition等；序列词firstly, secondly等。

(5)若无需要，不必阅读细节。

3.寻读 (Scanning)

寻读又称查读，同略读一样，寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。熟练的读者善于运用寻读获得具体信息，以提高阅读效率。

寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其它无关部分则略去不读的快速阅读方法。运用这种方法，读者就能在最短的时间内掠过尽可能多的印刷材料，找到所需要的信息。例如，在车站寻找某次列车或汽车的运行时刻，在机场寻找某次班机的飞行时刻，在图书馆查找书刊的目录，在文献中查找某一日期、名字、数字或号码等，都可以运用这种方法。

作为一种快速寻找信息的阅读技巧，寻读既要求速度，又要求寻读的准确性。具体地说，寻读带有明确的目的性，有针对性地选择问题的答案。因此，可以把整段整段的文字直接映入大脑，不必字字句句过目。视线在印刷材料上掠过时，一旦发现有关的内容，就要稍作停留，将它记住或摘下，既保证寻读的速度，又做到准确无误，所以寻读技巧也很有实用价值。

寻读与略读不同。略读时，读者事先对材料一无所知，而寻读则是读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。例如，寻读电话号码簿，读者知道受话人的姓名，还知道电话号码簿是按姓的字母顺序排列的。这样，在寻找Jackson的电话时，就可以利用书页上方的标识词，再按姓的字母顺序很快翻到以J开头的书页，从而找到Jackson名下的电话页码。

至于阅读的方法，我主张一口气读下去，即便有个别单词挡道，只要不影响整体内容的理解，就不必停下来查词典，更没有必要见到好句子停下来就抄。因为那样会打断思路，影响阅读速度，甚至扼杀阅读的兴趣。不要以为读完一本书没有记下某个词语或某个句子就是一无所得。阅读的主要目的在于语言吸收上的“潜移默化”，在于获得语感。阅读需要“量”，没有大量的语言“输入”，是难以学好英语的。

那么，如何把能力提高和我们的中考应试有机的结合起来呢？

我的做法是篇章阅读与中考题型相结合，泛读后精读。

以Who invented tea 为例：激发兴趣的问题：Do you know how to say 茶 in English ?绿茶？红茶？Do you like drinking tea ? Is it healthy or not ?整体问题：What’s the article about ? Who invented tea ?Who was tea invented by ? By whom was tea invented ?细节问题What was Shengnong doing when he invented tea ? what fell into the drinking water ?

When was tea invented ?注意，这同时也是一个需要学生能理解段落中各句子的逻辑关系的问题。之后是学生提问环节，不会发音的词汇，不理解的词句，认为可能存在错误的地方……

最后是对重点句子结合中考进行汉译英练习，对比较关键或对理解全文的句子进行英译汉的练习。最后还可以进行相关的写作练习。

四、逐步帮助学生改掉不良或不恰当的阅读方法

（1）“指读”，即为了“集中注意力”，用手指或笔尖指着文章细细的逐词阅读。一遇到生词，便停顿下来，无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读。也影响整句或整段的意思的理解。

（2）“唇读”，即有的学生在阅读中寺喜欢读出声来，或即使不出声，嘴唇了蠕动，或脑子里也在想着读音，无形当中影响了大脑的思维速度。

（3）“回读”，也叫“即时重读”即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时，返回句首甚至段首重读；还有相当多的学生对阅读忆经产生心理定势，即认为自已第一遍肯定读不懂，因此反复多遍，浪费很多时间。

（4）“译读”，即在阅读过程中，不断地进行膛词逐句的翻译，通过译成母语来辅助理解。

由于没有掌握正确的阅读方法，习惯于在不加限定的时间内，对一小块文章精雕细琢，导致了逐词阅读接受信息的习惯。在阅读英语材料时或是在考试过程中有很多人感到自己的阅读速度实在是跟不上需要，有些同学就认为是自己的英语基础不行，然后就拼命的背单词，其实如果

能够用正确的方法进行快速阅读训练的话，即使在原有的基础上也可以在阅读速度方面取得显著的提高，更何况很多情况下根本就不是英

语基础的问题。

《

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英语美文阅读诵读：我相信 I believe in love because my wife taught me how. I believe that a dance with fear leaves you winded, yet wiser. I believe that having children has made me a better man. I believe that the truth tastes like straw- berries — the really big ones. I believe in friends who stand by you. I believe you have to suffer for your passion. I believe that the happiest people are those with the fewest masks. I believe that too many people stay in jobs they hate to get more vacation days, so that they can spend more time away from the jobs they hate. I believe that we give life its meaning. I believe that liars run from the truth like vampires from the sun. I believe that courage works its way from the heart to the hands. I believe that knowing yourself is one of the finest things you can do. I believe in blue kites with orange tails.

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