历年研究生考试英语真题答案

2014 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题解析

Section I Use of English

1、【答案】A where

【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的

姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。这根据句义，这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，

where 作为宾语从句的引导词，和后面的部分一起，作为remember 的宾语，因此正确答案为A。B、when 引导表示时间的状语从句，C、that 放在这里不合适，DWhy 引导表示原因的状

语从句。B、C、D 均不符合题意。

2、【答案】B fades

【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作“老年时分”（老年人的瞬间记忆丧失）。从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。由语境确定B。fade away 是一个固定搭配，表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。A. Improve 表示提高；C. recover 表示恢复、D.collapse 表示崩塌。A、C、D 均不符合题意。

3、【答案】B while

【解析】本句的句义是：这看起来问题不大，但精神集中能力的丧失，对于我们的职业生涯，社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问

题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B。A 选项unless 表示让步关系；C

选项Once 作为连词表示条件关系，表示一……就；D 选项也是条件关系。A、C、D 均不符

合题意。

4、【答案】A damaging

【解析】本句的句义同第3 题。通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。B 选项limited 表示有限，局限性；C 选项uneven 表示不均匀，奇数；D 选项obscure 表示晦涩的不清楚的。B、

C、D 均不符合题意。

5、【答案】C well-being

【解析】本句的句义同第3 题。这里需要填入的是表示个人生活状态的词，因此well-being

符合题意，表示个人的幸福。A 选项relationship 表示关系，B 选项environment 表示环境；

D、outlook 表示外表，A、B、D 均不符合题意。

6、【答案】D turn

【解析】It 代表神经科学，它的结果是，大脑也跟我们的肌肉一样，也需要进行锻炼……这里给出的是神经科学的结论，因此选择turn out。figure out 表示计算出来，find out

表示找到问题的解决办法，point out 表示指出来。A、B、C 选项均不符合题意。

7、【答案】C workout

【解析】……适当的精神训练能够明显改善我们的基本认知……。Workout 有锻炼练习的

意思，符合题意，因此正确答案为C。response 表示反应，roundabout 有迂回的意思，

association 表示关系，关联。A、B、D 选项带入题干均不符合题意。

8、【答案】D functions

【解析】……适当的精神训练能够改善我们基本的认知……，根据语境和段落大意可以判断出，这里表示人脑的基本的认知功能。A genre 表示类型和种类，B criterion 表示标准，C circumstances 表示环境和情况。A、B、C 均不符合题意。

9、【答案】C process

【解析】本句句意，思考是大脑中的神经连接。根据常识，思考是一个过程，并且通过脑神经相互接触来完成，其他选项A channel 渠道、sequence 序列、condition 条件，均不符合常识。因此正确答案是表示过程的C 选项。

10、【答案】B excel

【解析】本句句意，在某种程度来讲，我们在进行神经连接（直接影响人的聪明程度）方面的能力是与生俱来的。Excel 有超过擅长的意思，表示在某个方面出众，放在此处表示突出的、特殊的能力，符合题意，从结构来说，to in doing sth，这里需要填入的是一个动词原形，因此正确答案为B。A 选项feature 表示特征，C 选项persist 表示坚持、持续，D believe 表示相信。

11、【答案】A However

【解析】本题需要的是一个副词，而且位于句首，因此考察的是句关系。通过前后句意义来定答案，前一句强调的是智力是与生俱来的（inherited），而后一句则认为是可以通过脑力活动（mental effort）会有所波动，两句意义明显相反，故正确答案为A。

12、【答案】B according to

【解析】本题并不难，可以理解为：智力可以脑力活动得到提升或出现波动。“代替”明显不符；“根据，通过”可以；“除……之外”也不合适；“不管，不顾”也不合逻辑，故B 为正确答案。

13、【答案】A further

【解析】本题考察的是固定搭配：take a step ……，能搭配只有A 和C，分别指“采取进一步措施”和“让到一边去”，无论从逻辑上还是从句意上都是A 符合。

14、【答案】D sharpness

【解析】本题考察的是动宾搭配：improve and regain sb’s mental ……，再根据前文一直在讲如何提高“智力”，因此可以排除A（模式）和B（稳定性），C（灵活性）和D（锋利性，尖锐性）容易混淆，C 有一定的干扰性，但双比之下，D 更契合前文，故选D。

15、【答案】C allows

【解析】空格所在句的意思是说这个网络课程可以系统地改善你的记忆力和注意力。而且此处需要填入的动词需要与to 进行搭配。根据搭配关系直接排除A,B。本文的主题介绍的是使人聪明的脑力锻炼法，感情色彩是中性的，此处的D 选项force 排除，所以最恰当的是D。

16、【答案】B track

【解析】空格所在句的意思是说这个培训课程还可以学习进度，并且给予详尽

的信息反馈。根据语境，空格缺少的词汇意义为跟踪学习进度，分析四个选项，直接排除A hold, C order; 辨析B,D 两个选项，与D 选项的pace 搭配的介词应该为with，即，keep pace with，所以排除，B 选项为正确答案，keep track of 意思为跟踪。

17、【答案】D on

【解析】本题考查介词，根据空格前后语境，空格所缺少的介词意义为关于你的表现作

出详细的反馈，四个选项中只有D 有关于的意思。

18、【答案】A constantly

【解析】空格所在句的意思是说更加重要的是，它会调整并升级有关训练游戏。通过前后句的语境，所用词汇均为褒义词，所以，从感情色彩方面可以排除C，B 习惯性的主语应该为人，直接排除。A 经常的，B 异乎寻常的代入，发现A 比较符合题意。

19、【答案】D build

【解析】空格所在句的意思是说它会经常调整并升级有关训练游戏，以促进脑力的不断。本题所缺少的动词需要与介词on 搭配，A put on 穿上，增加；B carry on 执行；

C build on 在。。。基础上增加，构建；

D take on 呈现；代入空格发现只有C 适合，A,B,D 都不与空格后面的development 相搭配。

20、【答案】D effective

【解析】本题涉及的是一个含不定式作后定的句子，所缺词汇为形容词修饰exercise routine，根据前后情感一致的逻辑，通过后面的不定式中的关键词increase 寺和vary your muscle use 等信息反推所需词汇为正向词汇，直接排除A 和C，B 是中性，只有D（有效的）符合逻辑，故为正确答案。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【答案】B encourage jobseekers’active engagement in job seeking

【解析】细节题。文中首段首句“in order to “change lives for the better”and reduce “dependency…”交代了George Osborne 计划的目的，即“改善生活，减少依赖性”。这与

选项B 鼓励积极寻找工作是一致的。

22、【答案】C to register for an allowance from the government

【解析】词义题。根据本句与sign on 的上一句，可以得知“求职者7 天后方可得到津贴”，接下来，“这段时间他们应该去找工作，不应该sign on”。可以推测出，他们不应该依赖于政府的津贴，与答案C 吻合。

23、【答案】D A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers

【解析】细节题。根据第二段最后一句可知，句子主语what motivated him…was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-----protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits”题干what prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme 对应文中what motivated him，答案D 是“his zeal for“fundamental fairness”-----protecting the taxpayer”的改写。

24、【答案】A uneasy

【解析】细节题。第四段首句与题干一致，轻松定位，得出losing a job is hurting，意思

“丢掉工作不好，有伤害”，因此得出A，uneasy

25、【答案】D unemployment benefits should not be made conditional

【解析】观点态度题。依据全文最后一句，作者认为现在的救济补助金是one of the least generous 意思是“最吝啬的，最少的”；之前又有conditional, 作者认为现在补助金是“有条件的”。综合得出答案D。

Text 2

26、【答案】[D] the attraction of financial rewards

【解析】题目问的是“许多学生选择法律作为他们专业的原因是什么”，文章第二段第二句讲“The best lawyers made skyscrapers –full of money , tempting ever more students to pile into law schools”，意思是说“最好的律师挣很多钱，吸引更多的学生纷纷进入法律学校”。[D] the attraction of financial rewards 中的attraction 对应句中的tempting，financial rewards 对

应full of money。

27、【答案】[D] pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.

【解析】题目问“什么增加了美国大多数州法律教育的成本”，文中第三段第三句讲“在美国大多数州成为律师只有一条路径：四年不相关学科（unrelated subject）的学士学位，三年的法律学位以及通过律师资格考试昂贵的准备，这使得普通的法律毕业生债台高筑”。综合来看，时间成本很高，且本科学位专业与法律不相关，故答案为[D] pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major，其中another major 对应文中的unrelated subject。

28、【答案】[A] the rigid bodies governing the profession

【解析】题干问“法律体系改革的障碍源自于什么”。对应于文章第四段的前二句，第一句谈到“法律体系改革”，第二句讲“明智的观点（sensible ideas）已经存在了很长时间，但

是主管此专业的州级层面的一些机构太保守了没能实施（too conservative to implement them）”，其核心问题来自于“the state-level bodies that govern the profession”，故答案为[A] the rigid bodies governing the profession。

29、【答案】[B] bans outsiders’involvement in the profession

【解析】题目问“类似于行会的所有权体制被认为是限制性的，部分原因是什么”，文章第五段首句讲“费用高的另外一个原因是，限制性的类似于行会的所有权体制”，第二、三句对否定性的形容词restrictive 进行解释，“除了哥伦比亚特区，非律师可能不会拥有法律公司的任何股份，这使得费用很高，改革缓慢”，故行会一样的所有权体制被认为是限制性的，部分原因是“禁止外人进入行业”，故答案为[B] bans outsiders’involvement in the profession。

30、【答案】[B] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.

【解析】题干问“作者在文章中主要讨论什么”，文章主要谈及美国法律行业出现的问题，即：法律教育的成本高，而改革的速度慢，末段提出了解决方案，故答案为[B] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it。

Text 3

31、【答案】B a handsome reward for the researchers

【解析】由出题的顺序性原则及题干关键词Fundamental Physics Prize 精确定位在文章第一段第三、四句。此两句主要交代了“基础物理奖”的资金来源，文章末尾主要交代了奖项设置者的目的，是“运用他们自己的财富从而引起人们对在科学领域成功人士的重视”，

综合文章第一段整体内容，可知此奖项是为奖励研究人员的。确定正确答案为B。

32、【答案】C the founders of the new rewards

【解析】由本题的题干关键词the new awards 可以锁定本题的答案应该是在文章的第二

段的第三行，这句话说“科学家说，新的奖项是对于那些在他们背后的人的一种自我提升的实践”，这个those behind them 指的就是上文说到的创建这些奖项的企业家，所以对应的就是

选项中的the founders of the new rewards，所以选C。

33、【答案】D the demonstration of research findings

【解析】由本题的题干关键词Higgs boson（希格斯玻色子）可以锁定本题的答案应该是在文章的第四段的倒数第三行，而关键词所在的句子非常长，也是难点之一，这句话可以先看破折号前面，说的是对于诺贝尔文学奖的共享者的认定的规定，而在破折号后面的as 的定语从句是对前面句子的补充说明，举了这个Higgs boson（希格斯玻色子）的例子来说明，

“如同这个希格斯玻色子所证明的那样”跟这个部分最匹配的选项就是the demonstration of research findings，所以选D。

【答案】[B] their endurance has done justice to them.

【解析】本题定位到原文第四段最后一句话，Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy. [B]中的endurance 是对于原文Time 的替换，justice 是对于原文中legitimacy 的替换。本题比较简单，直接考查对于词汇的同义替换。此种题型在考研中较常见，希望大家重视

基础阶段的学习，平时养成把词汇分类记忆的习惯。

35、【答案】[D]acceptable despite the criticism. 不管批评，而去接受。

【解析】本题定位在文章最后一段，最后两句话it is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize –givers’money to do with as they please. It is such gifts with gratitude and grace. 作者态度很明确。另外基础不太好

的同学也可以找作者所用的情感态度词来判断，文章大量运用了“正向”词汇，比如surely a good thing; wise; with gratitude and grace.

Text 4

36、【答案】【A】critical

【解析】本题考查的是态度问题。定位至文章第一段，从文章的第一段可看出，第一句作

者对报告持赞美的态度，但紧接着下一句“Regrettably, however...”可看出，作者要说的是报

告的缺点。综上可看出，作者对报告的态度是批判性的，因此正确答案为A。

37、【答案】【D】keep a leading position in liberal education

【解析】将本题定位于第二段。由第二段“...to maintain national excellence...”可知......

目的是为了保持在......方面的国民优势。其中文中的excellence 对应题干中的leading, leading congressional Democratic and Republicans 对应题干中的influential figures in the congress, asking 对应题干中的required, to 表目的。结合题支所给选项，【A】中的government 以偏概全，章不但提到了政府，还有university, foundations, educator 等其他人员。【B】的individuals’

right 没有提到，【C】的interest 在文中没涉及。综合文中内容，可得出结论，【D】项为正确

选项。

38、【答案】[C] the application of emerging technologies

【解析】细节题。题干的意思是“该报告建议”。根据题干定位到文章第三段，同时根

据题干的关键词“the report”（意思是“该报告”）定位到第三段第二行。大致看下随后的句式，尤其是每句话的主语都是“the report”，需要看A、B、C 和D 选项和文中的对应关系。根据文中论述，A 项的意思是“美国历史的排他性研究”，其中的“exclusive”（意思为

“排除性的、排他性的”）在文中并没有出现，属于无中生有。B 项的意思是“加强重视理

论性主题研究”，其中的“theoretical”（意思为“理论性的”）在文中并没有出现，属于

无中生有。C 项意思是新兴科技的应用，其中的“application”（意思为“应用”）对应的是

第四行的“use”, “emerging”对应是第四行的“new”,属于正解的“同义复现”，所以是

正确答案。D 项的意思是“为外语研究提供资金支持”，文中第八行说的是“对教师和学者提

供资金支持”，属于偷梁换柱。

39、【答案】[C] biased against classical liberal ideas

【解析】情感态度题。根据题干定位文中第五段。教授们的态度主要通过两个层面体现出

来的。这两个层面体现在第五段一个由while 引导的长句中，理解好这个长句是解题的关键点。while 之前是一个层面，while 之后是一个层面。该题主要考察while 之后第二个层面的理解。

A 项意思是“支持自由市场”，是对第二个层面的误读。

B 项的意思是“关于公共政策持保守

态度”是对第二个层面的误读。C 项的意思是“对自由理念持有偏见”，是对第二个层面的极

好总结。D 项意思是“对知识性调查持谨慎态度”是对第二个层面的误读。

40、【答案】[B] Illiberal Education and the “The Heart of the Matter”

【解析】主旨题。该题需要学生为该文章加上一个题目，考察学生对文章的主旨的概括。首先，通过浏览该题的5 个题干以及每个段的段首句，可以总结出该文章探讨的主要对象是

“由AAAS 发布的报告”，同时每个段落的进一步探讨主要集中于该报告展现出来教育的非自

由性主题，其中该报告的代称为“问题的核心”。C 项“非自由性教育与问题核心”正好和文

章主旨相匹配。A 项意思是“抓住问题核心的方法”，其中方法文中并未提及。C 项意思是“AAAS 报告对自由性教育的贡献”，与文章主旨相违背。D 项意思是“进步性政策对自由性

教育”，其中的“政策”并非文章的重点，故排除。

Part B

Part B

41、【答案】C How do archaeologists know where to find…

【解析】

在阅读所有选项，找出每个段落的关键词后我们会发现，C 答案首句提出一个问句“地面上什么都看不到，考古学家如何知道去哪找想要找的东西？”，这是比较常见的英文篇章结构之一：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题，由此可推知，选项C 应该放在文章的开头。

42、【答案】F Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered…

【解析】

选项A 首句提到“some archaeological sites”, 选项F 在首句同样出现了该表达，由此

可知这两个选项在讨论同一话题，应该放在一起。除此之外，选项A 说考古遗址是“easily observable”,而F 选项说这个过程需要“take years”，在语义上是转折，而F 选项首句出现

了表达转折关系的连词“however”，故A 为正确答案。

43、【答案】G Ground surveys allowed archaeologists to pinpoint…

【解析】

E 选项的首句出现了表示总述的“survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques”。从第二句开始都在分别列举具体的方法。另外，段尾处的“aerial surveys”与

G 选项首句中的“ground surveys”形成了呼应，均是寻找考古遗址的具体方法。因此，

G 为正确答案。

44、【答案】D Surveys can cover a single large settlement…

【解析】

选项D 和B 中均有表示时间的线索词，应该放到一起。此外，剩下的两段开头都有明显的特征词，选项D 第二句出现“in one case”，而选项B 段首出现“in another case”，这两段明显形成语义上的衔接，D 中“one”表示泛指，应该放在前，由此可知，该题选D。

45、【答案】B In another case, American archaeologists Rene M illion…

【解析】解析见44 题。

Section III Translation

46、【参考译文】这就是为什么当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时，我们能做的只是清楚

的表达对音乐的反应，却不能领会音乐的精髓。

47、【参考译文】据大家所说，贝多芬是个思想自由而且有勇气的人，而且我发现勇气

是理解他作品的必要因素，更不用说演奏他的作品了。

48、【参考译文】贝多芬表演时习惯把音量提至顶点，然后骤然转到柔和的篇章，这是

他前辈的音乐家很少有的习惯。

49、【参考译文】尤其重要的是他对自由的看法，在他看来这和个人的权利和责任有关，而且还他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。

50、【参考译文】人们会将贝多芬的很多作品解释为——痛苦是难免的，但是与痛苦抗

争的勇气使生活有价值。

Section IV Writing

51、

【参考范文】

Dear Mr. President,

I am a student of our university. I am writing this letter to bring forward multiple and effective suggestions to our college students about how to improve their body health.

Initially, exercising, though not a student’s first priority in his/her daily life, should be stressed by all of us as well as our university, not only because it is vital to our physical health but mental health as well. Furthermore, developing a regular and healthy diet, which provides vitamins and other nutrients to our body, would, to some extent, undoubtedly benefit our body.

I hope that you will find my suggestions useful and propagandas be launched among the students.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

52、

【参考范文】

As we can see, filial piety is prevailing all through the two pictures: in the first frame, an amiable mother is supporting her little daughter while in the second frame, her daughter, who has grown up, is supporting her aged mother instead.

What a happy family full of precious love! The implication conveyed in these two pictures is self-evident: we need to show our concern and respect to our parents. However, most of us fail

to do this job. First of all, as our lifestyle gallops along, we are less likely to hold enough awareness on our filial piety. As young men who deem the career as the priority, they often choose

to migrate with their jobs, work around the clock and rest with the work files, leaving parents in empty-nests. Besides, many people are used to substituting their care for parents with money or

gifts. While it is beyond dispute that material support can improve ones’living standards, what those aged people need most is the mental satisfaction and love from their children such as a simple call, a short being back home.

It is easy to draw this conclusion that, to our parents, nothing can be better than the filial

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