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Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warmings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.

The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary.Andrew Lansley,who insisted the government could not force people to make health choices and pomised to free businesses from public health regulations.

But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near school. Restrict advertising of products high in fat,salt or sugar,,and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonals’s.

They argue that government action is neccssary to curb Britain’s addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease .Professor Terence Stephenson ,president of the Royal College of paediatrics and Child Health,said that consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or exccssive drinking.

“Thiry years ago ,it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in th workplace or in pubs.and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be.”Said the leader of the UK’s children’s doctor’s .

Lanslcy has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather that government to take the lead. He said that manufactuers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change 4 Lige campaign ,the centhrepiece of gocernment efforts to boost health eating and fintness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in English as an example of how “lecturing”people was not the best way to change their behaviour.

Stephenson suggested potential restrictioms could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat ,salt or sugar befor 9pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas.”If we were really holdmwe might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes –by setting strict limits on asvertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,”he said.

Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s.which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Associationg .Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements”such as toys ,cute animals and mobile phone credit.”If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth ,and that some things can harm,at least information is available up front .”

He also urged councils to impose “fasr-food-free zone”around schools and hospitals –areas within which takeways cannot open .

A Department of health spokesperson said :”we need to create a new cision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new “responsibility deal”with business built on social responsibility ,not state regulation .Later this year ,we will publish a white papet setting out exactly how we will achieve this .”

The food industry will be alamed that such senior docorts back such radical moves .especially the cll to use some of the

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what workers are complaining about. Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

A. Companies can change how their workers feel

B. Workers are more willing to report stress than before

C. Workers talk about increased stress

D. Stress is a hot topic in many developed countries

E. Complaint of stress is better than having a real disease

F. Stress has attracted the attention of the government

G. Companies can defeat workers by stress

Workers Now Complain of Stress

Without at least a touch of stress, a job may be rather boring. Yet an increasing number of workers find stress not a welcome buzz but an offence perpetrated by their employers. In Britain, days lost to stress, depression and anxiety increased from 6.5m in 1995 to 13.4m in 2001-02. In the past year alone, over half of all employers saw increased absenteeism due to stress, according to the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.

1._______________________________________________________

In France, a new bestseller called Bonjour paresse (“Hello laziness”) provides one response: keep activity to a minimum and lie low. That's amusing, but not great for productivity. Preventing people from becoming stressed means providing expensive helplines and hiring even more expensive counsellors. That's bad enough. Making stressed workers turn up to work is difficult too. And if they can be coaxed or cajoled into work they may sue if they feel their employer hasn't taken their ailment seriously enough.

2. ______________________________________________________

Before he set off on holiday, Tony Blair chaired a discussion in his Downing Street offices on balancing work and life outside it. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE), which has done a good job of making sure people do not get mangled by machines at work (see chart), is now trying out guidelines to save workers from the horrors of stress. They will be issued to companies in November.

3. _________________________________________________________

Worrying about work is preferable to being physically endangered by it. In this respect, more stress is good news. Eric Teasdale, chief medical officer at AstraZeneca, says that when he started out in occupational medicine in 1976, workplace illness meant nasty diseases caused by asbestos, deafness from noisy machinery and skin problems caused by spilt chemicals. Those problems have mostly been replaced by more cerebral complaints.

4. ________________________________________________________

What has changed is the readiness of workers to say they are stressed. That's self-reinforcing: information on the prevalence of stress is collected through surveys. But the more people are asked whether they are stressed, the more willing they are to say yes. Philip Hodson, of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, reckons this is part of a natural process: as people get richer, their sense of entitlement to happiness increases and their threshold for worry often becomes lower. Stress, unlike, say, inadequacy, also has few negative connotations, making it painless to acknowledge. “Stress can almost become a badge of honor,” says Mr. Teasdale.

5. ______________________________________________________

So what should companies do to beat it? The HSE's stress guidelines are probably not the best starting point. The latest draft includes some rum notions: 65% of the workforce, for example, should feel that their employer “engages them frequently”in organizational change. In fact, many companies already know that keeping workers happy can save money. AstraZeneca, which runs various programmes to increase the wellbeing of its workforce, reckons it saves ￡210,000 ($380,000) annually in lower insurance premiums.

The advantages of having happy and productive workers are likely to push other companies the same way. Given the vagaries of stress, preventing it by regulation is as impractical as trying to legislate against tiredness or, for that matter, boredom.

参考答案： 1. D 2. F 3. E 4. B 5. A

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