WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较

【关键词】 语言学 科学 术语 翻译 英语 中医名词 五行学说 论文网
Keywords: linguistics; terminology; translation; English; terms, traditional Chinese medicine; five elements theory 毕业论文
《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》［1］中，一共收录了51条有关五行学说的术语，“世界中医药学会联合会”以下简称世中联的标准《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》［2］中则收录了103条。这些术语的翻译与通行译法基本一致，如将木、火、土、金、水译为wood，fire，earth，metal，water。但一些关键词语的翻译却多参照海外译法而行，如将“五行”译为five phases同时也罗列出了five elements这一通行译法，将“生”译作engender，将“乘”译作overwhelming，将“侮”译作rebellion。将“克”译作restrain，倒与通行译法相近。下面试结合“世中联”的标准，对WHO方案中有关五行学说主要概念的翻译问题加以分析比较。 代写论文
五行five phases － the five phases: wood, fire, earth, metal and water, and thEir movements and changes, also known as five elements. 毕业论文网
木wood － one of the five phases, with which the season spring, the color blue or green, the taste sourness, and the liver and gallbladder in the body are associated. 代写论文
火fire － one of the five phases, with which the season summer, the color red, the taste bitterness, and the heart and small intestine in the body are associated. 论文代写
土earth － one of the five phases, with which the season of late summer, the color yellow, the taste sweetness, and the spleen and stomach in the body are associated. 论文代写
金metal － one of the five phases, with which the season autumn, the color white, the taste acriditypungent, and the lung and large intestine in the body are associated. 论文网
水water － 1 one of the five phases, with which the season winter, the color black, the taste saltiness, and the kidney and bladder in the body are associated; 2 pathologic aspect of body fluid. 论文代写
“五行”一般有3种译法 five elements, five phases, wuxing。从目前的使用情况来看，five elements 最为流行，且有约定俗成之势，值得采用。“世中联”的标准中就是将five elements作为首选译语，这与WHO的做法刚好相反。 论文网
“五行”中的“木、火、土、金、水”一般直译为wood, fire, earth, metal, water。对于“木”的翻译，以前也有过不同的意见。比如有的人认为，wood指木材，意即砍倒的树木 而“五行”的“木”则是指生长中的“树木”，所以建议用tree来翻译“木”。其实wood在英语中并不一定就是指经过加工的木材。 代写论文
朗文当代高级英语辞典Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English给wood下的第一个定义就

是“the material of which trunks and branches of trees are made, which is cut and dried in various forms for making material, for burning, for making paper or furniture, etc.”构成树木主干和枝节的材料，可以用不同的方式砍倒和晾干，用以制作材料、燃料、纸张或家具等。 代写论文
五行归类categorization according to the five phases － classification of material things and phenomena into five categories by comparing thEIr structures, properties and actions with the five phases. 论文代写
在“世中联”的标准中，无“五行归类”一词，但有“别异比类”，译作analogy。所谓“别异比类”，大约指的是中医学中“取象比类”吧。 代写论文
相生engendering － the relationship in which each phase and its associated phenomena give rise to or promote another sequential phase, also the same as generating. 毕业论文网
木生火wood engenders fire － the category of wood generates or promotes the category of fire, also the same as wood generating fire. 论文代写
火生土fire engenders earth － the category of fire generates or promotes the category of earth, also called fire generating earth. 毕业论文
土生金earth engenders metal － the category of earth generates or promotes the category of metal, also called earth generating metal. 论文代写
金生水metal engenders water － the category of metal generates or promotes the category of water, also called metal generating water. 毕业论文
水生木water engenders wood － the category of water generates or promotes the category of wood, also called water generating wood. 毕业论文网
在五行学说中，“相生”指事物之间具有相互资生、相互促进的一面。常译作mutual promotion, mutual generation或interpromotion, intergeneration。mutual和inter都表示相互的意思，只是mutual可以作为一个独立的词语来使用，而inter则不能作为独立词语使用，只能作为一个构词成分使用。“相生”还有人译作engendering，WHO方案中就采用了这种译法。在“世中联”的标准中，“相生”则一律使用generate，反映了这一概念英语翻译的基本趋向。 代写论文
相克restraining － the relationship in which each phase and its associated phenomena restrictcheckcontrol another phase. 代写论文
木克土wood restrains earth － the category of wood restricts or checks the category of earth, also called wood controlling earth. 论文代写
火克金fire restrains metal － the category of fire restricts or checks the category of metal, also called fire controlling metal. 毕业论文
土克水earth restrains water － the category of earth restricts or checks the category of water, also called earth controlling water. 代写论文
水克火water restrains fire － the category of water restricts or checks the category of fire, also ca

lled water controlling fire. 毕业论文
金克木metal restrains wood － the category of metal restricts or checks the category of wood, also called metal controlling wood. 毕业论文网
在五行学说中，“相克”指事物间具有相互制约、相互排斥的一面，常译作mutual restraint, mutual restriction, mutual inhibition或interrestraint, interrestriction, interinhibition。从目前的使用情况来看，mutual inter restraint和mutual inter restriction使用得最为普遍，虽然mutual inter inhibition在语义上也有可取之处，但其使用范围远不及前两种译法广泛。在实际应用中，也有人不用mutual和inter，而直接使用restraint或restriction。在“世中联”的标准中，“相克”一概译作restrict。 毕业论文网
相乘overwhelming － abnormally severe restraining of the five phases in the same sequence as normal restraining, also known as overacting. 毕业论文网
“相乘”指克制太过，超过了正常的制约程度，常见的译法有overrestraint, overrestriction，也有译作subjugation。个别西方译者将“相乘”译作overwhelming。在“世中联”的标准中，“相乘”译为overrestriction，与现行流行译法一致。 毕业论文
相侮 rebellion － restraining opposite to that of the normal restraining sequence of the five phases, also known as insulting. 论文代写
“相侮”指相反方向的克制，常译作counterrestraint, counterrestriction或reverse restraint, reverse restriction。国外也有译作rebellion，显然是意译了。还有译作interinsult，有点直译太过。在“世中联”的标准中，“相侮”的译文是counterrestriction，与现行译法保持一致。 代写论文
五常five constants － a collective term referring to wood, fire, earth, metal and water in normal movement. 代写论文
“五常”指木、火、土、金、水五类物质的正常运动，所以常译作motion of the five elements或normal motion of the five elements。这里译作five constants五个常数似乎有些不太恰当。因为在英语中，constant指数学中的常数和物 理学 中的恒量，很难用以表达五行的正常运动。 毕业论文网