Shakespeare the Historian 史学家的莎士比亚

BBC Learning English – Shakespeare

About this script

Please note that this is not a word for word transcript of the programme as broadcast. In the recording and editing process changes may have been made which may not be reflected here.

关于台词的备注：

请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。

Shakespeare the Historian 史学家的莎士比亚

Insert

This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle.

Swits and spurs, swits and spurs; or I'll cry a match.

There is nothing good or bad but thinking makes it so.

Li: 大家好，我是杨莉。欢迎收听莎士比亚特别系列节目William Shakespeare. 我今天的搭档也叫William, 他是William Kremer. Hi William.

William: Hello Li. So today our programme is called Shakespeare the Historian. And we’re going to be talking about Shakespeare’s history plays – all the plays

he wrote about old kings of England.

Li: 是的。The Bard 写了11部历史剧，时间的跨度是12世纪到莎士比亚出生之前的16世纪中叶。

William: And one of the greatest of Shakespeare’s history plays is Richard II. So in today’s programme we’re going to talk a bit about that play and what it

tells us about Shakespeare’s approach to history.

Li: 今天我们荣幸地请到了权威的历史学家和著名电视节目主持人，Michael Wood. 我和柯·威廉将同Michael 一起谈谈Richard II 理查二世这部历史剧。如果你有听不懂

的地方，不用着急，因为节目的后半部，我们将重播并解释访谈中的关键录音节选。同

时我们把节目的文字稿也挂到了网上供大家参考。

Hi Michael, thanks very much for coming along today.

Michael: Hi. It’s nice to be here.

Li Michael, 为了更好地理解理查二世这部剧目，我们需要了解一下莎士比亚时代的英格兰是怎样的，所以请您描述一下16和17世纪的英国历史和社会背景并且同中国做一

个横向比较。

Michael: OK. Well, compared with China, Shakespeare’s England was a very very small place Li, a very small place. You know if Ming Dynasty China maybe

had one hundred million people, England had three million people. So we

are talking about a very small place but at this moment in the history of

England, very great energies of history were coming out and above all, this

was caused by the changes in education, where grammar school education

was possible for much more people in the population than any time before

in history anywhere in the world. So Shakespeare, first of all, is product of

this revolution in education. Second, Shakespeare is born at a time of great

psychological change. For a thousand years before his time, England had

been a Christian Catholic country owing allegiance to the Pope in Rome.

But, in the time of Shakespeare’s father, the old religion was swept away

and a new religion of Protestantism was put in. So Shakespeare is born,

just, as we say, on the cusp, on this moment of change and this will

condition the way he looks at history.

Li: On the cusp of change 变革之际。理查二世这部剧的时代背景是莎士比亚出生前的200年，写的是英国国王因为战争集资没收贵族土地，招致贵族圈儿内的反对并被废除

王位的故事。继位者是他的表兄Henry Bolingbroke 博林布鲁克，也就是后来的亨

利四世Henry IV. 在剧的末尾被关在牢里的Richard 被人暗杀，暗杀者以为那是新国

王Henry 四世的意思，其实那是误会，因为新国王根本没有杀老国王的意图。

Now Michael, 你觉得这出历史剧理查二世和史实相符吗?

Michael: This is a difficult question. These are plays, not history. But the central story is true; this is exactly what happened and the main characters in it

are all real people. And of course these issues in history were very very

important and difficult issues in Elizabethan England because many people

had described Queen Elizabeth as being like Richard II. She had no heir,

she had no children. People criticised her for having friends and favourites

and not being impartial and just towards the people at large. So this was a

very dangerous subject to take.

William: Shakespeare portrays Richard II as an unwise king, but he is a very sympathetic character isn’t he? We see this very painful process of Richard

getting used to not being king, just being an ordinary person. And, at the

end of the play, we feel uneasy. We know he was a bad king but we do feel

sorry for him. Shakespeare doesn’t just tell us to hate this man, does he? Michael: Yeah. You know, the great Hollywood film director Billy Wilder, he had these rules about how to make a great cinema film. And he said one of the

important rules is “Don’t tell the audience what to think”. Now Shakespeare

never tells people what to think; you make up your mind, he lets you

decide.

Li: Now, Richard II 是一部很美，很富有诗意的历史剧，不过整个台词中竟没有一句白话文。现在我们选一段著名的台词听一听。John of Gaunt 在表示英国是如何美丽，

可遗憾的是，它正在消失。

Insert

Gaunt: This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle,

This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars,

This other Eden, demi-paradise,

This fortress built by Nature for herself

Against infection and the hand of war,

This happy breed of men, this little world,

This precious stone set in the silver sea,

Which serves it in the office of a wall,

Or as a moat defensive to a house,

Against the envy of less happier lands,

This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England

Li: 大家可以上网收听这段台词，网址是https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f511732905.html,.

这段台词表述了诗情画意的英国以及作为一名英国人和讲英语都意味着什么Michael

Wood, 你觉得这样的语言表达了莎士比亚对英格兰的一种什么样的个人情怀？

Michael: That speech is one of the most famous speeches of Shakespeare. The interesting thing about the speech of course is that although it has the

wonderful build up in its description of England as a scepter’d isle and its

people being a happy breed of men, a precious stone set in a silver sea,

the blessed plot, this England, of course the speech ends by saying “is

leased out”. It’s finished. So there’s a wonderful twist at the end. Now, this

tells you some fascinating things about Shakespeare. His obsession with

history in part is a nostalgia for the old world of his parents.

Li: Now Michael我们对每一个专家都会问的一个问题就是，你最喜欢的莎翁名言是什么?

Michael: Wow, that’s a difficult one. The Shakespeare phrase and saying that I use most often I used to use with my children, is one from Hamlet: “There is

nothing (either) good or bad, but thinking makes it so”.

Li: Great, yes!

William: Well Michael, thanks so much for joining us today. It’s been a pleasure to have you on the programme and it’s been a real eye-opener too.

Li: Yes, thank you very much indeed for joining our programme today. 非常感谢Michael.

Michael: Thank you so much.

Li: 一会儿和William 将把访谈的重点段落和词语进行解释和翻译。下面请听莎翁名言s words ，今天是什么？

S Words: Wild Goose Chase

Man: Oi! Come here! Come here!

Presenter: 你有没有试过抓野鹅？可能没有吧。但是如果从没有想试试这件事儿的想法，那么短语wild goose chase 可能会对你有所帮助。

Insert

Romeo: Swits and spurs, swits and spurs; or I'll cry a match.

Mercutio: Nay, if thy wits run the wild-goose chase, I have done; for

thou hast more of the wild-goose in one of thy wits than, I am

sure, I have in my whole five: was I with you there for the

goose?

Romeo. Thou wast never with me for anything when thou wast not

there for the goose.

Mercutio: I will bite thee by the ear for that jest.

Romeo: Nay, good goose, bite not.

Presenter: 你听懂了多少？一点儿都没有吗？别担心！这是Romeo and Juliet 剧中Romeo 和他的好朋友Mercutio 之间的一段喜剧对话。Shakespeare 喜剧文章非常滑稽但对

于英语学习者来说会有些难度，因为里面有很多古语表达还有双关语。里面尤其让我们

摸不着头脑的短语就是徒劳无益wild goose chase.

Insert

Mercutio: Nay, if thy wits run the wild-goose chase, I have done; for

thou hast more of the wild-goose in one of thy wits than, I am

sure, I have in my whole five.

Presenter: Mercutio想用wild goose chase 表达的意思可能更多的和马有关，而不是和鹅有关。

在Shakespeare年代a wild goose chase 更像是当今的赛马会，Mercutio 在这

儿是说他和Romeo 比赛讲笑话，就像赛马比赛里的骑马师。

但是wild goose chase 最初的意思已经被世人忘记。现在大家说a wild goose

chase 通常表示徒劳的举动，就像试着去抓野鹅一样。下面我们一起来听这个短语在

现代表达中的使用方法：

Insert

Woman: Barry asked for this DVD for Christmas. But I can’t find a copy anywhere!

I’ve just been on a wild goose chase all over London looking for it.

Man: My professor told me to go to the library for the book so I went there. But then the librarian told me that the book was on loan to another library in

Sussex. So I phoned them up and they said that according to their records

my professor currently has the book. I’ve wasted the whole morning on a

ridiculous wild goose chase!

Presenter: 这就是我们今天学习的短语a wild goose chase. 欢迎下周继续收听S words, 我们会讲解更多Shakespeare对英语语言贡献的经典名句。下次再会。

Man: Come here! Come here!

William: Now let’s now listen again to some clips from our interview with Michael Wood.

Li: Michael 说，莎士比亚是出于英国两个大变革时期的人物，你听清了没有？这两个变革是什么？

Insert

Michael: So Shakespeare, first of all, is product of this revolution in education.

Second, Shakespeare was born at a time of great psychological change.

Li: 莎士比亚是教育和心理变革两个重大时期的产物at a time of great psychological change.

William: Now, why was Richard II a very controversial play for Shakespeare? Let’s listen again.

Insert

Michael: And of course these issues in history were very very important and difficult issues in Elizabethan England because many people had described Queen

Elizabeth as being like Richard II.

William: It was a controversial play because many people described Shakespeare’s queen, Elizabeth, as being similar to Richard II.

Li: 最后，我们来看看John of Gaunt’s 的著名台词反映了莎士比亚什么样的历史观? 莎士比亚迷恋历史obsession with history. Michael 使用了一个特别的英语单词来形

容这一特点。这是什么词呢?

Insert

Michael: This tells you some fascinating things about Shakespeare. His obsession with history in part is a nostalgia for the old world of his parents.

Li: 莎士比亚有一种怀旧感a nostalgia对往事的眷恋，对他父母生活时代的怀恋.

William: Well, I do hope that you have enjoyed this look at a great history play, Richard II.

Li: 下周我们将探讨莎士比亚的喜剧，同特约嘉宾，著名的喜剧导演Greg Doran 探讨第十二夜这出最搞笑的喜剧。

William: Till then, bye!

sonnet 18 莎士比亚的作品《第十八行诗》赏析 英文版

The speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer’s lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare’s sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually

中西文化比较2019尔雅答案

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William Shakespeare莎士比亚代表诗歌翻译及赏析

2011—2012第一学期 实践教学

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (26 April 1564- 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright. He was widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. His surviving works, including some collaboration, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the famous works. Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. In the 20th century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world. （Sonnet1 和sonnet5的相关资料由张文瑞提供） Sonnet 1

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