【走向高考】高考英语 语法专题复习7 数词与主谓一致试题精解

语法专项(七) 数词与主谓一致

考点一数词基本用法

数词

错误!

It is reported that the floods have left about two thousand people homeless.

据报道洪灾使大约两千人无家可归。

She went to the bookstore and bought dozens of books.

她去书店买了许多书。

[考题印证]

More than five ________(hundred) doctors and rescuers had got to Yushu County by that time.

解析：考查数词。hundred，thousand，million等数词前用数词来修饰时，用单数，且修饰名词时后不跟介词of。

答案：hundred

2．“数词＋普通名词＋形容词”构成的合成形容词中，数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。

a three-year-old boy一个三岁的男孩

a two-mile-long walk一段两公里的路程

3．基数词中表示“几十”的复数形式可以表达人的岁数或年代。

He is in his late twenties.

他快30了。

The old lady died in her early seventies beside a church in New York.

那位老太太70来岁时就死在了纽约的一个教堂附近。

[考题印证]

Hawking became world-famous in his________ (thirty) in ________1970's.

解析：考查数词的用法。in one's thirties意为“在某人三十多岁”时，in/during the 1970's意为“在20世纪70年代”。

答案：thirties；the

考点二主谓一致

1．就近一致原则。

(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only... but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。

Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。

Are neither you nor I fit for the work?

你和我都不适合这份工作吗？

注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than＋名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。

Henry, rather than Jane and John, is responsible for the loss.

损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。

(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.

文具盒内有一枝铅笔和两支钢笔。

[考题印证]

(2013·福建改编)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

解析：本题考查主谓一致用法。题中主语为The famous musician为单数，而且动作发生时间为2012年，应该使用一般过去时态。

答案：was invited

2．意义一致原则。

(1)谓语动词用单数的情况

①由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。

The worker and writer is from Wuhan.

那个工人兼作家来自武汉。

②“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.

每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。

③非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。

Persuading him to join us seems really hard.

劝他加入我们看起来确实难。

To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.

早睡早起是一个好的习惯。

Whatever was left was taken away.

无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。

注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。

What they need are books.

他们需要的是书。

(2)谓语动词用复数的情况

①由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。

Both bread and butter are sold out.

面包和黄油都卖完了。

②people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。

People read for pleasure during their spare time.

人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。

3．谓语动词单、复数视情况而定

(1)集体名词class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。

The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas. 中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。

(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定，这类词有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。

Every means has been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective.

每种方法都试过，但没有一个有效。

There are various means of communicating with a stranger.

同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。

(3)“kind，sort，pair，type＋名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。

The kind of paper is made of straw.

这种纸是由稻草制成的。

Some kinds of animals are dying out.

一些种类的动物要灭绝了。

(4)all，none，some，any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。

All is going on very well.

一切顺利。

All are present besides the professor.

包括教授在内大家都在。

[考题印证]

(2010·四川改编)Such poets as Shakespeare______ (be)widely read，of whose works，however，some______ (be) difficult to understand.

解析：考查主谓一致。第一空格poets为主语，第二空格some(works)为主语，谓语动词都应该用复数。

答案：are；are

(5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。

A lot of students are coming to the meeting.

有很多学生要来开会。

A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.

准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。

强化训练

1.(2013·江苏改编)Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ________(be) essential to their development.

答案：is 考查时态与主谓一致。句意：一般说来，学生的内在动机以及来自其他人的期盼对学生的发展是必要的。由句意可知是叙述现在的状态，用一般现在时。又句子主语是students' inner motivation，是单数，所以用is。

2．(2013·湖南改编)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________(be) around $ 8,450 a year, which ________(be) a burden for some of them.

答案：are；is 考查主谓一致。句意：大学估计，国际学生的生活费用是每年8,450美元左右。这对于一部分学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语为living expenses，是复数形式，所以用are；第二空前which引导定语从句，指代living expenses for international students are around $8,450 a year这一件事，所以谓语用单数。

3．As is known to us all, English books of this kind ________(sell) well in middle schools.

答案：sell 考查主谓一致与动词语态。句意为：众所周知，这类英语书在中学很畅销。根据句意可知，本句话强调的是事物的属性(well)而不是“sell”的动作。英语中，常用主动形式来描述事物属性和特征；同时“English books of this kind”中的主语是English books，故谓语动词用复数形式。相反地，this kind of English books作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

4．Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of books ________(donate) to

the rural schools.

答案：was donated 考查时态与主谓一致。句意为；一些现代化的教学设备和数百本书籍被捐给了农村学校。as well as是介词短语，它连接两个名词或代词作主语时，句子的谓语形式与as well as前名词或代词的人称和数保持一致；equipment是表示集合的不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数且donate与句子主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；同时因为题干中没有另一个过去动作与“donate”对比，一般过去时的被动语态。

5．Between each period of the morning classes ________(be) an interval, when the students can have a short break.

答案：is 考查主谓一致和动词时态。由语境可知，上午每节课之间都有课间，学生可以在这段时间内稍事休息。根据后半句中的can可知，句子用一般现在时；此句中谓语动词与主语an interval保持一致。

6．The guest of honor, along with his wife and two sons, ________(seat) in the first row, watching the performance.

答案：was seated 考查主谓一致。句子主语是“The guest of honor”，其后是主语附加语。seat是及物动词，应该用be seated。

7．The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, ________ (be) those best suited for expressing joy.

答案：are 考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语为forms of art，是复数形式，所以动词也应用复数形式；再根据句意可知，应用those指代上文内容。

8．Monica, as well as her friends, ________(read) this book before.

答案：has read 考查主谓一致。as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应与as well as 之前的主语保持一致。

9．What bad manners it ________(be) for the boys to blow their noses at table! 答案：is 考查主谓一致和感叹句。句中bad manners意为“坏习惯”，后面谓语动词应该用单数形式。

10．________(wait) on both sides of the street ________(be) excited fans who wanted to see the singing stars.

答案：Waiting; were 考查倒装句和主谓一致。句意为：在街道两侧等待是那些希望看到歌星的兴奋的粉丝们。句子还原为：Excited fans who wanted to see the singing stars were waiting on both sides of the street。

11．The woman there ________(have) a piano in her room.

答案：has 考查主谓一致。该句中there作the woman的后置定语，修饰the woman，故该句主语为单数可数名词the woman，与其对应，谓语动词应用has。

12．When and where to go for the on-salary holiday still ________(remain) to be decided.

答案：remains 考查主谓一致。when and where作主语时，常被看作一整体，谓语动词用单数。

13．The most impressive sight in China, one of the wonders of the world, ________(be) the Great Wall.

答案：is 考查主谓一致。本句的主语是sight，其前后都是修饰成分，one of the wonders of the world是插入语，所以谓语动词用is.

14．—Eric, as well as his friends, ________(be) a gaginst the tour plan.

—So am I. The final examination is coming.

答案：is 考查主谓一致。在“A as well as B”结构中主语为is。Eric为单数。

15．Mr. Black, as well as his wife and children, ________(be) invited to the dinner party last night.

答案：was 考查主谓一致和时态。当“as well as”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应与前面主语Mr. Black保持一致；根据句中表示过去的时间状语“last night”可知，应用过去时。

16．China, together with some other ASEAN (东盟) countries, ________(be) against the over politicizing of the differences over the South China Sea.

答案：is考查主谓一致。本句话的主语是“China”，“some other ASEAN(东盟) countries”是介词with的宾语，而非主语，故谓语动词用单数。一般而言，主语部分是“名词/代词＋介词＋名词/代词”时，句子谓语由介词前面的名词的数和格决定。

17．To many basketball fans, nobody but Kobe Bryant and LeBron James ________(be) the best in NBA although Kevin Durant, together with Jeremy Lin and many other players, ________(be) also performing very well.

答案：is；is 考查主谓一致。主语是单数名词或代词时，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as等短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。故此处第一空谓语动词的单复数应该取决于nobody，用is；第二空谓语动词的单复数取决于Kevin Durant，用is。18．My sister, as well as her classmates who ________(be) late for class, ________(be) criticized by Mr. Smith.

答案：were；was 句意：我姐姐和她那些迟到的同学都受到了史密斯先生的批评。who此处引导定语从句，其先行词是her classmates，故其后的谓语动词用复数。as well as连接两个成分作主语时谓语应与as well as前面的成分保持一致，故第二个空应和主语My sister 保持一致，谓语动词用单数。

19．Mother said that Mike could eat two of ten oranges and that the rest ________(be) left for Tom and Betty.

答案：were 考查主谓一致。the rest此处指代oranges，故应用复数；再由句意可知，此处用谓语动词。

20．The woman, together with her husband and two children, all looking anxious, ________(ask) the guard to let them through then.

答案：was asking 考查主谓一致和语态。together with连接两个名词作主语，单复数由前一个名词确定，所以用单数；再由句意可知，应用主动语态。

高考英语语法专题复习--代词

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1

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4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
2

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本用法2、对形容词、副词顺序的考查 2、形容词、副词的辨 析 1 在语境中学会形容词副词的用法 高考难点对于形容词副词比较等级的考查倾向于“淡化语法，注重深层语义的特点” 专题四语义辨析（名词、介词 及介词短语）3 1、在真实语境中能恰当的使用意义相近的介词，掌 握表示时间及空间的介词的用法 2、在语境中能恰当的使用介词的一些习惯用法和 介词与名词的固定搭配 1、名词辨析 1 1、名词的数和名词所有格的用法 2、名词的句法功能，尤其是名词作定语的用法 2、介词辨析 1 1、表示方位的介词 2、表示时间的介词 3、表示工具、手段、方式的介词 4、表原因、目的的介词 5、易混介词辨析 3.介词短语解析 1 1、与名词构成的介词短语 2、与某些形容词固定搭配的介词 高考难点介词短语的辨析，题干结构复杂 专题五动词和动词词组 2 1、掌握动词的及物和不及物性 2、掌握被动形式中英汉表达的不同 3、掌握感官动词作系动词：feel/look/sound 1、动词辨析 1 考纲中出现的动词及动词辨析 2、动词词组辨析 1 考纲中动词词组及辨析 高考难点同义词及词组辨析 专题六动词的时态及语态 2 1.建立“时”和“体”的概念 2.掌握一般将来时的各种形式及区别 3.掌握易混时态的用法：一般过去时和现在完成时 的区别 4.掌握各种时态的被动语态形式