高中英语必修一语法讲解 定语从句(1)

定语从句（1）

概念引入：

She is the girl who sings best of all.

她是所有人中唱得最好的。

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.

他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

Give me the book whose cover is green.

把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。

定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。

语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一P1】，

定语从句的定义

Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？

The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good.

他前天买的那本书很棒。

He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。

Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。

其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。

定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football.

（who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语）

There is still much homework which we must finish.

（which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语）

关系代词引导的定语从句

I. who和whom

1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。The girl who is singing is my best friend. 正在唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友。

（who代替先行词the girl在从句中作主语）

His friend who works as a doctor is very interesting. 他那当医生的朋友很有趣。

（who代替先行词His friend在从句中作主语）

I have to find the boy whom I saw yesterday. 我得找到昨天见的那个男孩。■

(whom代替先行词the boy在从句中saw的宾语)

He is the man whom I met yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。

（whom代替先行词the man在从句中作met的宾语）

练一练：who还是whom？

1. The man _______ is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

2. Do you know the girl _______ I talked to just now?

3. Is he the man _______ wants to see you?

答案：1. who 2. whom 3. who

2.whom在定语从句中充当宾语时常可省略，注意whom可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语，而介词提前时whom不能省略。

Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

刘先生就是你们在公交车上谈论的那个人。

Ling Feng is just the boy (whom) I want to see. (whom代表先行词the boy作动词see的宾语) 凌峰就是我想见的那个男孩。

This is the girl (whom) he worked with. (whom代表先行词the girl作介词with的宾语)

这就是同他一起工作的女孩。

This is the girl with whom he worked. (whom不能省略)

3. 在口语和非正式语体中关系代词whom常用who代替，可省略。

The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。

II. which

先行词是事物，在从句中作主语或宾语时，我们就用which引导定语从句。同样，在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但是此介词提前，不能省略。

They had a radio which could send out messages. (代替先行词radio在从句中作主语)

他们有一个能发出信息的收音机。

He told us a story which made everyone laugh. (代替先行词story在从句中作主语)

他讲了一个让我们人人发笑的故事。

Where is the car (which) you bought last month? (代替先行词car在从句中作宾语，可省)

你上个月买的车在哪儿呢？

The package (which) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which在从句中作宾语）你拿的包快散了。

They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists. (2016 浙江高考)

他们给我他们最喜欢的，拒绝卖给游客的艺术品。

III. that

that前的先行词可以是人也可以是物。指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。that在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises by one million.

来这个城市参观的人数每年增加一百万。

Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天上午看见的那个人在哪儿？

I’ve got a novel (that/which) you may like to read. 我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。

IV. whose

whose可以指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示“……（先行词）的”，若指物，可以同of which互换。

…the prince went to the house looking for the girl whose foot fit the shoe…

……王子去那幢房子，寻找脚能穿上那只鞋的女孩儿……(whose foot 指女孩儿的脚)

I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. (whose roof指房子的屋顶)

我曾经住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。

The classroom whose door (=the door of which) is broken will soon be repaired.

门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。

Do you like the book whose cover (=the cover of which) is yellow?

你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？

必须用that作为连接词的情况

技巧1 看先行词是什么东西。

1.当先行词是all, anything, nothing, everything, none, much, little, few, the one等不定代词时。He did everything that he could to save the patient. 他做了能做的一切来挽救这个病人。

I mean the one that was sold yesterday. 我的意思是说昨天被卖掉的那个。

There’s nothing in the world that can defeat him. 这世界上没有能打败他的东西。

All that I want is peace and quiet. 我想要的一切就是和平宁静。

2. 当先行词既有人又有物时。

Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the street.

快看正在过街的小姑娘和她的小狗。

We’ve still remember things and persons that appeared in the school.

我们还记起来发生在学校的一些人和事。

技巧2看先行词被什么修饰。

1.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

The first lesson that they learned is the most difficult of all.

他们学的第一课是最难的一课。

This is the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 这是我读过的最有意思的一本书。

2. 当先行词被the very, the only修饰时

This is the very book that I’m interested in. 这正是我感兴趣的那本书。

The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们能做的唯一的事情就是等待。

3. 当先行词被all, any, every, no, only, very, last, next, one of等词所修饰时。

You can take any seat that is free. 你可以坐任何一个空座。

I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有书。

注意：以which, who等开头的疑问句中，用that引导从句，以避免重复。

Which is the car that killed the old lady? 要了老太太的命的是哪辆车？

不能用that作为连接词的情况。

1. 在非限制性定语从句中。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

太阳给地球升温，这点对我们很重要。

2. 关系词在从句中作介词宾语且介词提前时。

He took the money away without which they couldn’t live.

他把那些钱带走了，没有这些钱我们没法活。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

我们依赖这片土地，从那儿我们取得了食物。

3. 当先行词本身是that时。

What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?

刚从天空一闪而过的是什么？

关系词的省略和关系词的数

关系词的省略

1. 当关系词代表先行词在从句中作宾语的时候，一般可以省略。

He would give me the book (which/ that) he bought yesterday in the shop.

他会给我他昨天在商店买的那本书。

I hated those people (whom/ that) I met in the party. They were so rude.

我讨厌在晚会上遇到的那些人。他们太粗鲁。

2. 在下面两种情况下，关系词也不能省略。

1）非限制性定语从句中。

They came from Beijing, which I love very much.

他们来自北京，那是我非常喜欢的一个城市。

2）从句的介词提到关系词前面时。

I am still looking for the book about which they talked yesterday.

我还在找我们昨天谈到的那本书。

关系词的数

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，要根据先行词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。

He w ho laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

God helps those who help themselves. 自助者，上帝也助之。

She is the only one who knows the secret. 她是唯一知道这个秘密的人。

She is one of the teachers who know the secret. 她是知道这个秘密的老师之一。

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定语从句讲解 1．定语从句：复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable. Those who work hard will make progress. 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 1）关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 2）关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句， 修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。但直接介词后只用whom,不可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend.（whom不可省略） 3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry. 4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man (that / whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： We live in a house,__________ windows face the sea. We live in a house,___________ the windows face the sea. We live in a house, the windows__________ face the sea We live in a beautiful house, and the windows _________ face the sea Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=_____________________=_________________ （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. =The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：

高中英语必修一语法讲解 定语从句(1)

定语从句（1） 概念引入： She is the girl who sings best of all. 她是所有人中唱得最好的。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 Give me the book whose cover is green. 把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。 定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。 语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一P1】， 定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？ The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good. 他前天买的那本书很棒。 He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。 Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。 其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football. （who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语） There is still much homework which we must finish. （which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语） 关系代词引导的定语从句 I. who和whom 1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。The girl who is singing is my best friend. 正在唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友。 （who代替先行词the girl在从句中作主语） His friend who works as a doctor is very interesting. 他那当医生的朋友很有趣。

高中英语定语从句详解

高中英语定语从句详解 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose、as (其中whose只能做定语,which和what也可以做定语) 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、where Ex.) He was late .That's because he got up late. .He got up late. That's why he was late.(表语从句) (the reason) why/for which he was late. (定语从句) 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） There are occasions when joking is not permissible. ●关系代词作介词宾语: 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) 当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。 way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语 时，则用which或that 引导。如: This is the way (that) /in which I do such things. 比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you. Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that. 3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。