1906英国海上保险法(中英文对照版)

1906英国海上保险法(中英文对照版).txt我的人生有A 面也有B面，你的人生有S面也有B 面。失败不可怕，关键看是不是成功他妈。现在的大学生太没素质了！过来拷毛片，居然用剪切！有空学风水去，死后占个好墓也算弥补了生前买不起好房的遗憾。1906海上保险法

海上保险（Marine Insurance）

第1条：海上保险的定义（Marine insurance defined）

A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the assured, in manner and to the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses, that is to say, the losses incident to marine adventure.

海上保险合同，是一种保险人按照约定的方式和范围，对与海上冒险有关的海上灭失，向被保险人承担赔偿责任的合同。

第2条海陆混合风险（Mixed sea and land risks）

2.(1) A contract of marine insurance may, by its express terms, or by a usage of trade, be extended so as to protect

the assured against losses on inland water or on any land risk which may be incidental to any sea voyage.

(2) Where a ship in course of building, or the launch of a ship, or any adventure analogous to a marine adventure, is

covered by a policy in the form of a marine policy, the

provisions of this Act, in so far as applicable, shall apply thereto；but, except by this section provided, nothing in this Act shall alter or affect any rule of law applicable to any

contract of insurance other than a contract of marine

insurance as by this Act defined.

(1)海上保险合同，得用明示条款或经由某种贸易习惯，扩展保障被保险人在与海上航程有关的内河或任何陆地风险中的损失。

(2)如果用海上保险单格式的保险单，承保建造中的船舶，或者船舶下水，或类似海上冒险的任何冒险，本法中的各项规定，只要是可适用者，均得适用之；但除本条规定者外，本法的任何规定，都不能改变或影响任何适用于本法规定的海上保险合同以外的保险合同的法律规定。

第3条海上冒险与海上危险的定义（Marine adventure and maritime perils

defined ）

3.(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, every lawful marine adventure may be the subject of a contract of marine

insurance.

(2) In particular there is a marine adventure where-

(a) Any ship, goods or other movables are exposed to

maritime perils. Such property is in the Act referred to as

“insurable property.”

(b) The earning or acquisition of any freight, passage

money, commission, profit or other pecuniary benefit, or the security for any advances, loans or disbursements, is

endangered by the exposure of insurance property to maritime perils.

(c) Any liability to a third party may be incurred by the owner of, or other person interested in or responsible for,

insurable property, by reason of maritime perils.

3(1) 受本法规定的制约，每一合法的海上冒险得为海上保险合同的标的。

(2) 特别是以下各项属于海上冒险：

（a）受海上危险影响的任何船舶，货物或其他动产。此种财产在本法中被称为“可保财产”。

（b）由于保险财产暴露于海上危险之中而危及的任何运费，客票款，佣金，利润或其他钱财上的利益，或任何预付款，贷款，或垫付费用的担保。

（c）保险财产的所有人或其他对其有利益或有责任的当事人由于海上风险的原因对第三方产生的任何责任。”

保险利益（Insurable Interest）

第4条赌博合同无效（Avoidance of wagering or gaming contracts）

4.(1) Every contract of marine insurance by way of gaming or wagering is void.

(2) A contract of marine insurance is deemed to be a

gaming or wagering contract-

(a) Where the assured has not an insurable interest as

defined by this Act and the contract is entered into with no expectation of acquiring such an interest; or

(b) Where the policy is made “interest or no interest” or

“without further proof of interest than the policy itself”, or

“without benefit of salvage to the insurer”, or subject to any other like term.

Provided that, where there is no possibility of salvage, a policy may be effected without benefit of salvage to the

insurer.

4．（1）用作赌博的海上保险合同无效。

（2）海上保险合同在下列情况下，被认为是赌博合同：

(a) 被保险人对保险标的无本法规定的保险利益，而且在缔约后仍无获得此种保险利益的可能；

(b) 保险单是按“无论有无保险利益”，

或“除保险单本身外，再无具有保险利益的证明”，或“保险人无救助利益”等条件，或按其他类似条件订定的。

但是，如无救助的可能，保险单可以按保险人无救助利益的条件签订。

第5条保险利益的定义（Insurable interest defined）

5.（1）Subject to the provisions of this Act, every person has an insurable interest who is interested in a marine

adventure.

（2） In particular, a person is interested in a marine

adventure where he stands in any legal or equitable relation to the adventure or to any insurable property at risk therein, in consequence of which he may benefit by the safety or due

arrival of insurable property, or may be prejudiced by its

loss, or by damage thereto, or by the detention thereof, or

may incur liability in respect thereof.

（1）根据本法各条规定，与海上冒险有利益关系的每一个人具有保险利益。

（2）一个人与海上冒险有利益关系，尤其是在他与该冒险或处在危险中的任何保险财产，具有任何法律上或衡平的关系，因而若保险财产安全或及时抵达他便能从中获取利益；反之，如果保险财产灭失，损坏，或被滞留或招致有关责任，他的利益将受到损害。

第6条何时应具有利益（When interest must attach）

6.（1）The assured must be interested in the subject-matter insured at the time of loss though he need not be interested when the insurance is effected.

（2）Where the assured has no interest at the time of the loss, he cannot acquire interest by any act or election after he is aware of the loss.

（1）虽然投保时被保险人无需对保险标的具有利益，但在保险标的灭损时，他必须对其具有利益。

（2）如果被保险人在灭损当时不具有利益，他不能在他知晓该灭损后，通过任何行为或选择而获取利益。

第7条可撤销的利益或偶然的利益（Defeasible or contingent

interest）

7.(1) A defeasible interest is insurable, as also is a

contingent interest.

(2) In particular, where the buyer of goods has insured them, he has an insurable interest, notwithstanding that he might, at his election,

（1）可撤销的利益是保险利益，偶然的利益亦然。

（2）特别是，如货物买方已将该批货物保险，他就对该批货物具有保险利益，尽管由于卖方交货延误或其他原因，致使被保险人可能选择拒收货物，或将货物视作卖方风险。

第8条部分利益（Partial interest）

8. A partial interest of any nature is insurable.

8．任何性质的部分利益均可承保。

第9条再保险（Re-insurance）

9(1) The insurer under a contract of marine insurance has an insurable interest in his risk, and may re-insure in

respect of it.

(2) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the original

assured has no right or interest in respect of such

re-insurance.

9．（1）海上保险合同中的保险人对其承保的风险有保险利益，并可将有关风险再保险。

（2）除非保险单另有规定，原被保险人对此种再保险没有权利或利益。

第10条（以船、货为抵押物的）抵押贷款（Bottomry）

10. The lender of money on bottomry or respeondentia has an insurable interest in respect of the loan.

10．以船、货为抵押物的贷款方对其贷款有保险利益。

第11条船长和船员的工资（Master’s and seamen’s wages） 11. The master or any member of the crew of a ship has an insurable interest in respect of his wages.

11．船长或船员对其工资有保险利益。

第12条预付运费（Advance freight）

12. In the case of advance freight, the person advancing the freight has an insurable interest, in so for as much

freight is not repayable in case of loss.

12．预付运费的人对在损失后不能收回的预付运费有保险利益。

第13条保险费（Charges of insurance）

13. The assured has an insurable interest in the charges of any insurance which be may effect.

13．被保险人对其应支付的保险费具有保险利益。

第14条利益数额（Quantum of interest）

14.(1) Where the subject-matter insured is mortgaged, the mortgagor has an insurable interest in the full value thereof, and the mortgagee has an insurable interest in respect of any sum due or to become due under the

mortgage.

(2) A mortgagee, consignee, or other person having an

interest in the subject-matter insured may insure on behalf

and for the benefit of other persons interested as well as for his own benefit.

(3) The owner of insurable property has an insurable

interest in respect of the full value thereof, notwithstanding that some third person may have agreed, or be liable, to

indemnify him in case of loss.

14．（1）在保险标的被抵押之场合，抵押人对抵押物的全部价值有保险利益，而抵押权人对抵押贷款合同下其所付的或应付的有关金额有保险利益。

（2）抵押权人、收货人或对保险标的有利益的其他人，除为了自已的利益外，得代表和为其他有利害关系的人的利益进行保险。

（3）尽管在发生损失的情况下，某些第三者可能已同意或有义务赔偿其损失，保险财产的所有人对其财产的全部价值有保险利益。

第15条利益转让（Assignment of interest）

15．Where the assured assigns or otherwise parts with his interest in the subject-matter insured, he does not thereby

transfer to the assignee his rights under the contract of

insurance, unless there be an express or implied agreement

with the assignee to that effect.

But the provisions of this section do not affect a

transmission of interest by operation of law.

15．被保险人若转让或以其他方式放弃其保险标的利益，他并不因此将其保险合同下的权利转让给受让人，除非与受让人订有转让保险权益的明示或默示协议。

但本条规定不影响因实施法律而发生的利益转让。

保险价值（Insurable Value）

第16条保险价值的确定（Measure of insurable value）

16. Subject to any express provision or valuation in the policy, the insurable value of the subject-matter insured must be ascertained as follows:-

(1) In insurance on ship, the insurable value is the value at the commencement of the risk, of the ship, including her

outfit, provisions and stores for the officers and crew, money advanced for seamen’s wages, and other disbursements (if any) incurred to make the ship fit for the voyage or adventure

contemplated by the policy, plus the charges of insurance upon the

whole:

The insurable value, in the case of a steamship, includes also the machinery, boilers, and coals and engine stores if

owned by the assured, and, in the case of a ship engaged in a special trade, the ordinary fittings requisite for that trade:

(2) In insurance on freight, whether paid in advance or

otherwise, the insurable value is the gross amount of the

freight at the risk of the assured, plus the charges of

insurance:

(3) In insurance on goods or merchandise, the insurable

value is the prime cost of the property insured, plus the

expenses of and incidental to shipping and the charges of

insurance upon the whole:

(4) In insurance on any other subject-matter, the

insurable value is the amount at the risk of the assured when the policy attaches, plus the charges of insurance.

16．除保险单的明文规定或定值外，保险标的的保险价值，必须按下列规定确定：

（1）在船舶保险中，保险价值是风险开始时的船舶价值，包括船舶的装备、全体船员的食物与其他物料、预付给船员的工资以及为使船舶适合航行于保险单载明的航程或海上冒险所可能产生的其他垫付费用加上全部保险费用。

对蒸汽机船舶，船舶的保险价值还应包括机器、锅炉、被保险人拥有的燃料煤和机舱物料，而如果船舶用于特殊贸易，则还需包括适合该贸易的通常装备。

（2）在运费保险中，无论运费是否预付，保险价值是指被保险人处于风险中的总运费加上保险费。

（3）在货物或商品保险中，保险价值是该保险财产的成本价格，加上海运费和与海运有关的费用，及全部海运过程中的保险费用。

（4）在其他保险中，保险价值是保险单生效时被保险人处于风险中的金额加上保险费用。

告知和陈述（Disclosure and Representation）

第17条保险是最大诚信（Insurance is uberrimae fidei）

17．A contract of marine insurance is a contract based upon the utmost good faith and, if the utmost good faith be not

observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party.

17．海上保险合同是建立在最大诚信基础上的合同，如果任何一方不遵守最大诚信，他方可以撤消该合同。

第18条被保险人的告知（Disclosure by assured）

18.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the

assured must disclose to the insurer, before the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is known to the assured, and the assured is deemed to know every circumstance which, in the ordinary course of business, ought to be known by him. If the assured fails to make such disclosure, the

insurer may avoid the contract.

(2) Every circumstance is material, which would influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in fixing the premium, or

determining whether he will take the risk.

(3) In the absence of inquiry the following circumstances need not be disclosed, namely:-

(a) Any circumstance which diminishes the risks;

(b) Any circumstance which is known or presumed to be

known to the insurer. The insurer is presumed to know matters of common notoriety or knowledge, and matters which an insurer in the ordinary course of his business, as such, ought to

know;

(c) Any circumstance as to which information is waived by the insurer;

(d) Any circumstance which it is superfluous to disclose by reason of any express or implied warranty.

(4) Whether any particular circumstance, which is not

disclosed, be material or not is, in each case, a question of fact.

(5) The term “circumstance” includes any communication made to, or information received by, the assured.

18.(1)

根据本条的规定，在订立合同前，被保险人必须向保险人告知其所知的一切重要情况。被保险人应视为知道在通常业务过程中他应当知晓的每一情况。若被保险人未作此种告知，保险人可以撤消合同。

(2) 影响谨慎的保险人确定保险费的决定或决定是否承保该项风险的每一情况，即属重要情况。

(3) 对下列情况如果保险人未问及，被保险人无需告知：

(a) 减少风险的任何情况；

(b) 保险人知道或被认为应该知道的情况；保险人应该知晓众所周知的事情，以及他在通常业务中应该知晓的一般情况；

(c) 保险人不要求被保险人告知的情况；

(d) 由于明文或默示的保证条款，被保险人无需告知的事项。

(4) 在每一案件中，未告知的任何特别情况是否重要，属事实问题。

(5) “情况”一词包括送给被保险人的通知和其收到的消息。

第19条投保代理人的告知（Disclosure by agent effecting insurance）

19．Subject to the provisions of the preceding section as to circumstances which need not be disclosed where an

insurance is effected for the assured by an agent, the agent must disclose to the insurer-

(a) Every material circumstance which is known to himself, and an agent to insure is deemed to know every circumstance

which in the ordinary course of business ought to be known by, or to have been communicated to, him; and

(b) Every material circumstance which the assured is bound to disclose, unless it came to his knowledge too late to

communicate it to the agent.

19.若由代理人为被保险人投保,除按前条各款规定无需告知的各有关事项外,该代理人必须向保险人告知:

(a) 他所知道的每一重要情况,保险代理人视为知晓其在通常业务中应当知晓或被保险人已通知他的每一情况;

(b) 及被保险人有义务告知的每一重要情况,除非他得知该情况过迟,无法及时通知该代理人.

第20条协商合同时的陈述（Representations pending negotiation of

contract）

20.①Every material representation made by the assured or his agent to the insurer during the negotiations for the

contract and before the contract is concluded, must be true. If it be untrue the insurer may avoid the contract.

②A representation is material which would influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in fixing the premium, or

determining whether he will take the risk.

③A representation may be either a representation as to a matter of fact, or as to a matter of expectation or belief.

④A representation as to a matter of fact is true, if it be substantially correct, that is to say, if the difference

between what is represented and what is actually correct would not be considered material by a prudent insurer.

⑤A representation as to a matter of expectation or belief is true if it be made in good faith.

⑥A representation may be withdrawn or corrected before the contract is concluded.

⑦Whether a particular representation be material or not is, in each case, a question of fact.

20

①在协商合同期间及订立合同前,被保险人或其代理人向保险人作出的每一重要陈述必须真实,若其不真实,保险人可以撤消合同.

②影响谨慎的保险人确定保险费的评价或决定是否承保该项风险的陈述,即为重要陈述.

③一项陈述既可以是有关事实,也可以是关于期望或是关于信念的陈述.

④若一项关于事实的陈述实质上是准确的,它便是真实的,亦即,如果陈述内容与实际情况有差异,谨慎的保险人并不认为是重要的.

⑤若被保险人依诚信作出期望或信念的陈述,该陈述即是真实的.

⑥陈述在订立合同前可以撤回或更正.

⑦在每一案件中,某一特定的陈述是否重要,属事实问题.

第21条何时合同视为成立（When contract is deemed to be concluded）

21．A contract of marine insurance is deemed to be

concluded when the proposal of the assured is accepted by the insurer, whether the policy be then issued or not and, for the purpose of showing when the proposal was accepted, reference may be made to the slip or covering note or other customary

memorandum of the contract.

21．保险人接受被保险人的投保单后，无论当时是否已签发保险单，海上保险合同应视为已经成立；为表明该投保单何时被接受，可以参考承保条或暂保单或其他合同习惯的备忘录。

保险单（The Policy）

第22条合同必须包含在保险单内（Contract must be embodied in policy）

22. Subject to the provisions of any statute, a contract of marine insurance is inadmissible in evidence unless it is embodied in a marine policy in accordance with this Act. The policy may be executed and issued either at the time when the contract is concluded, or afterwards.

22．受任何法律规定的制约，海上保险合同不能作为诉讼的证据，除非包含在符合本法的海上保险单内。保险单可在海上保险合同成立时或以后签发。

第23条保险单必须载明的事项（What policy must specify）

23. A marine policy must specify-

(1) The name of the assured, or of some person who effects the insurance on his behalf;

(2) The subject-matter insured and the risk insured

against;

(3) The voyage, or period of time, or both, as the case

may be, covered by the insurance;

(4) The sum or sums insured;

(5) The name or names of the insurance.

23．海上保险单必须载明下列事项：

（1）被保险人或代被保险人投保的人的名称；

（2）保险标的和承保险别

（3）保险承保的航程或期间，或同时承保航程和期间两者，视情况而定

（4）保险金额

（5）保险人的名称。

（本条第2，3，4，5款已被英国1959年《财政法》废除。译者注）

第24条保险人签署（Signature of insurer）

24.(1) A marine policy must be signed by or on behalf of the insurer, provided that in the case of a corporation the

corporate seal may be sufficient, but nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring the subscription of a

corporation to be under seal.

(2) Where a policy is subscribed by or on behalf of two or more insurers, each subscription, unless the contrary by

expressed, constitutes a distinct contract with the assured.

24．（1）海上保险单必须由保险人或其代表签署，假如是（保险）公司出具保险单，则加盖公司印章即可；但不能把本条规定解释为要求公司签署加盖印章。

（2）在保险单是由两个或两个以上认可保险份额的保险人或其代表出具之情况下，除非另有明示相反约定，每一签署构成与被保险人的独立合同。

第25条航次保险单和定期保险单（Voyage and time policies） 25.(1) Where the contract is to insure the subject-matter at and from, or from one place to another or others, the

policy is called a “voyage policy” and where the contract is to insure the subject-matter for a definite period of time the policy is called a “time policy”. A contract for both voyage and time may be included in the same policy.

((2) Subject to the provisions of section eleven of the

Finance Act, 1901, a time policy which is made for any time

exceeding twelve months is invalid.)

25．（1）在保险合同承保保险标的“在和从”或“从”某一地点运送至另一地点或其他地点之场合，该保险单称作“航次保险单”；在保险合同承保保险标的某一段固定期间之情况下，该保险单叫做“定期保险单”。同一保险单可以同时承保航次和定期保险的合同。

（2）（该款已废除。译者注）

第26条指定标的（Designation of subject-matter）

26(1).The subject-matter insured must be designated in a marine policy with reasonable certainty.

(2) The nature and extent of the interest of the assured in the subject-matter insured need not be specified in the

policy.

(3) Where the policy designates the subject-matter insured in general terms ,it shall be construed to apply to the

interest intended by the assured to be covered.

(4) In the application of this section regard shall be had to any usage regulating the designation of the subject-matter insured.

26（1）保险标的必须在海上保险单中合理确定地标明。

（2）被保险人对于保险标的利益的性质和范围无需在保险单中明确规定。

（3）在保险单用一般术语标明保险标的之场合，应解释为适用于被保险人意图投保的利益。

（4）在适用本条规定时，还应考虑制约保险标的指定的任何习惯。

第27条定值保险单（Valued policy）

27.(1) A policy may be either valued or unvalued

(2) A valued policy is a policy, which specifies the

agreed value of the subject-matter insured.

(3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, and the absence of fraud, the value fixed by the policy is, as between the

insurer and assured, conclusive of the insurable value of the subject intended to be insured, whether the loss be total or partial.

(4) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the value fixed by the policy is not conclusive for the purpose of determining whether there has been a constructive total loss.

27.(1) 保险单可以是定值保险单，也可以是不定值保险单。

（2）定值保险单指载明保险标的的约定价值的保险单。

（3）除本法条款另有规定外，若不存在欺骗，不论损失是全损或部分损失，保险单确定的价值即为保险人与被保险人之间意图对标的物投保的确定保险价值。

(4) 除保险单另有规定外，就确定是否构成推定全损而言，保险单约定的价值并非终结性的。

第28条不定值保险单（Unvalued policy）

28. An unvalued policy is a policy which does not specify the value of the subject-matter insured, but, subject to the limit of the sum insured, leaves the insurable value to be

subsequently ascertained, in the manner herein before

specified.

28．不定值保险单指未载明保险标的的价值的保险单，但受保险金额制约，按前述规定将保险价值留待以后确定。

第29条船舶预约保险单（Floating policy by ship or ships） 29.(1) A floating policy is a policy which describes the insurance in general terms, and leaves the name of the ship or ships and other particulars to be defined by subsequent

declaration.

(2) The subsequent declaration or declarations may be made

by endorsement on the policy, or in other customary manner.

(3) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the declarations must be made in the order of dispatch or shipment. They must, in the case of goods, comprise all consignments within the

terms of the policy, and the value of the goods or other

property must be honestly stated, but an omission or erroneous declaration may be rectified even after loss or arrival,

provided the omission or declaration was made in good faith.

(4) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where a

declaration of value is not made until after notice of loss or arrival, the policy must be treated as an unvalued policy as regards the subject to matter of that declaration.

29.(1) 预约保险单是指保险单仅作笼统的规定，将船舶的名称和其他事项在以后申报中确定。

（2）这种后来进行的申报，可用批单形式在保险单上批注，也可按其他习惯方式进行。

（3）除非保险单另有规定，申报应按装运的前后依次进行。如果是货物，申报必须包括保险单规定条件之内的全部货物运输。货物或其他财产的价值，必须诚实说明，但善意的漏报或误报，即便在发生损失或货物抵达之后，也可以进行更正。

（4）除非保险单另有规定，在收到损失通知或抵达之前未申报价值的情况下，对该申报的标的物，保险单应视为不定值保险单。

第30条保险单术语的解释（Construction of terms in policy） 30.(1) A policy may be in the form in the First Schedule to this Act.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, and unless the context of the policy otherwise requites, the terms and

expressions mentioned in the First Schedule to this Act shall be construed as having the scope and meaning in that Schedule assigned to them.

30,(1) 保险单可按本法所附第一附件的式样签订。

（2）根据本法规定，除非保险单内容另有其他要求，本法所附第一附件内的术语及措词，应按赋予该附件规定的词意和范围解释。

第31条待安排的保险费（Premium to be arranged）

31.(1) Where an insurance is effected at a premium to be arranged, and no arrangements is made, a reasonable premium is payable.

(2) Where an insurance is effected on the terms that an

additional premium is to be arranged in a given event, and

that event happens, but no arrangement is made, then a

reasonable additional premium is payable.

31．（1）在待安排的保险费倘未确定而保险业已生效之场合，被保险人应支付合理的保险费。

（2）在某一事件发生时，保险继续有效以某一待安排的附加保险费为条件之情况下，若事件发生时，倘未商定该附加保费，则被保险人应支付合理的附加保费。

重复保险（Double Insurance）

第32条重复保险（Double insurance）

32.(1) Where two or more policies are effected by or on

behalf of the assured on the same adventure and interest or

any part thereof, and the sums insured exceed the indemnity

allowed by this Act, the assured is said to be over-insured by double insurance

(2) Where the assured is over-insured by double insurance-

(a) The assured, unless the policy otherwise provides, may claim payment from the insurers in such order as he may think fit, provided that he is not entitled to receive any sum in

excess of the indemnity allowed by this Act;

(b) Where the policy under which the assured claims is a valued policy, the assured must give credit as against the

valuation for any sum received by him under any other policy without regard to the actual value of the subject-matter

insured;

(c) Where the policy under which the assured claims is an unvalued policy he must give credit, as against the full

insurable value, for any sum received by him under any other policy;

(d) Where the assured receives any sum in excess of the

indemnity allowed by this Act, he is deemed to hold such sum in trust for the insurers according to their right of

contribution among themselves.

32．（1）当被保险人或其代表，就同一冒险和利益或其中的一部分订立了两份以上的保险单，且保险金额超过本法所允许的赔偿限额时，被保险人即被视为因重复保险而超额保险。

（2）在被保险人因重复保险而超额保险之场合：

(a)

除非保险单另有规定，被保险人可根据自已认为合适的顺序，依次向其

保险人索赔，但他所得金额不得超过本法允许的赔偿限额；

(b)

如果被保险人凭以索赔的保险单是一份定值保险单，被保险人必须将其他保险单项下他已收取的任何数额从约定保险价值中扣除，无需考虑保险标的的实际价值；

（c）如果被保险人据以索赔的保险单是一份不定值保险单，被保险人必须将其他保险单项下他已收取的数额从全部保险价值中扣除；

(d)

若被保险人得到的金额超过本法所允许的赔偿额，则此种超出金额即被视为由被保险人代各保险人托管，由保险人按他们之间的分摊权利摊回。

各项保证等（Warranties, etc.）

第33条保证的性质（Nature of warranty）

33.(1) A warranty, in the following sections relating to warranties, means a promissory warranty, that is to say, a

warranty by which the assured undertakes that some particular thing shall or shall not be done, or that some condition shall be fulfilled, or whereby he affirms or negatives the existence of a particular state of facts.

(2) A warranty may be express or implied.

(3) A warranty, as above defined, is a condition which

must be exactly complied with, whether it be material to the risk or not. If it be not so complied with, then, subject to any express provision in the policy, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the date of the breach of warranty, but without prejudice to any liability incurred by him before that date.

33．（1）保证（下述各条有关保证）是指允诺性的保证，即被保险人保证去做或不去做某种特定事情，或履行某项条件，或者肯定或否定存在某些事实的特定状态。

（2）保证可以明示或默示。

（3）按照上述定义，无论保证对风险是否重要，均是一种必须严格遵守的条件。如果被保险人不如此遵守之，除非保险单另有明示规定，从被保险人违反保证之日起，保险人解除责任，但不妨碍在违反保证之前产生的任何责任。

第34条何时可免除违反保证（When breach of warranty excused） 34.（1）Non-compliance with a warranty is excused when, by reason of a change of circumstances, the warranty ceases to be

applicable to the circumstances of the contract, or when

compliance with the warranty is rendered unlawful by any

subsequent law.

(2) Where a warranty is broken, the assured cannot avail himself of the defence that the breach has been remedied, and the warranty complied with, before loss.

(3) A breach of warranty may be waived by the insurer.

(1) 由于情况变化，保证不再适用于合同情况，或遵循该保证被任何后来的法律视为非法等情况下，不遵循该保证可以免责。

(2) 如果一项保证已被破坏，则被保险人不能以在发生损失前违反已得到弥补，保证已得到遵守的理由为自已辩护。

(3) 保险人可以放弃保证的违反。

第35条明示保证（Express warranties）

35.(1) An express warranty may be in any form of words

from which the intention to warrant is to be inferred.

(2) An express warranty must be included in, or written

upon, the policy, or must be contained in some document

incorporated by reference into the policy.

(3) An express warranty does not exclude an implied

warranty, unless it be inconsistent therewith.

35．(1) 明示保证可以用任何形式的文字说明保证意图。

(2) 明示保证必须包含在或写进保险单，或包括在并入保险单的某些文件之中。

(3) 除非明示保证与默示保证相抵触，明示保证不排除默示保证。

第36条中立保证（Warranty of neutrality）

36.(1) Where insurable property, whether ship or goods, is expressly warranted neutral, there is an implied condition

that the property shall have a neutral character at the

commencement of the risk, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, its neutral character shall be

preserved during the risk.

(2) Where a ship is expressly warranted “neutral” there is also an implied condition that, so far as the assured can

control the matter, she shall be properly documented, that is to say, that she shall carry the necessary papers to establish her neutrality, and that she shall not falsify or suppress her papers, or use simulated papers. If any loss occurs through

breach of this condition, the insurer may avoid the contract.

36．（1）在保险财产，不论是船舶还是货物，明确宣布保证中立之场合，存在一项默示条件，即在风险开始时，该项财产应为中立性质，而且在被保险人能控制的范

围内，在整个风险期间应保持这种中立性质。

（2）在船舶明文保证中立之情况下，亦存在一项默示条件，即在被保险人能控制的范围内，该船舶应适当备齐各种证件；亦即，该船舶必须携带表明其中立性质的必要文件，并不得伪造或隐匿证件或使用假文件。

对因违反此项条件所产生的任何损失，保险人可以解除合同。

第37条无默示船籍保证（No implied warranty of nationality） 37．There is no implied warranty as to the nationality of a shipper that her nationality shall not be changed during the risk.

37．关于船舶的国籍不存在默示保证，也不存在风险期间其船籍不变的默示保证。

第38条完好安全保证（Warranty of good safety）

38. Where the subject-matter insured is warranted “well” or “in good safety” on a particular day, it is sufficient if it be safe at any time during that day.

38．在被保险人保证保险标的在某一特定日期内保持“良好”或“完好安全”之情况下，只要保险标的在该日期的任何时候处于安全状态便已足够。

第39条船舶适航保证（Warranty of seaworthiness of ship）

39.(1) In a voyage policy there is an implied warranty

that at the commencement of the voyage the ship shall be

seaworthy for the purpose of the particular adventure insured.

(2) Where the policy attaches while the ship is in port, there is also an implied warranty that she shall, at the

commencement of the risk, be reasonably fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the port.

(3) Where the policy relates to a voyage which is

performed in different stages, during which the ship requires different kinds of or further preparation or equipment, there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of each stage the ship is seaworthy in respect of such preparation or

equipment for the , purposes of that stage.

(4) A ship is deemed to be seaworthy when she is

reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary

perils of the seas of the adventure insured.

(5) In a time policy there is no implied warranty that the ship shall be seaworthy at any stage of the adventure, but

where, with the private of the assured, the ship is sent to

sea in an unseaworthy state, the insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to unseaworthiness.”

39（1）在航次保险单中有一项默示保证，即在为承保的特定海上冒险之目的而开始其航次当时，船舶应适航。

（2）保险单订立时若船舶停泊于港口，亦有一项默示保证，即在风险开始时，船舶应合理适宜面对该港口的通常危险。

（3）在保险单有关的航次分不同阶段履行之场合，在各个阶段中，船舶需要不同种类的装备或进一步准备，有一项默示保证，在每一阶段开始时，为各该阶段之目的，船舶就有关此种准备或装备是适航的。

（4）船舶在所有方面合理适宜面对承保的海上冒险中通常海上危险，即被视为适航。

（5）在船舶定期保险单中，不存在船舶在海上冒险的任何阶段应当适航的默示保证，但若被保险人私谋，将处于不适航状态下的船舶派出海，保险人对可归因于不适航的任何损失不负责任。

第40条无货物适航的默示保证（No implied warranty that goods are

seaworthy）

（1）In a policy on goods or other movables there is no

implied warranty that the goods or movables are seaworthy.

(2) In a voyage policy on goods or other movables there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage the ship is not only seaworthy as a ship, but also that she is

reasonably fit to carry the goods or other movables to the

destination contemplated by the policy.”

（1）在货物或其他动产的保险单中，不存在该货物或动产适航的默示保证。

（2）在货物或其他动产的航次保险单中，存在着一项默示保证：在船舶航次开始当时，不仅船舶本身适航，而且船舶还合理适宜运送货物或其他动产至保险单预定的目的地。

第41条合法保证（Warranty of legality）

There is an implied warranty that the adventure insured is a lawful one, and that, so far as the assured can control the

matter, the adventure shall be carried out in a lawful manner.

有一项承保的海上冒险是合法的默示保证，且就被保险人所能控制的问题而言，该海上冒险应当以合法的方式进行。

航程（The Voyage）

第42条关于风险开始的默示条件（Implied condition as to commencement of

risk）

42.(1) Where the subject-matter is insured by a voyage

policy ‘at and from’ or ‘from’ a particular place, it is not necessary that the ship should be at that place when the

contract is concluded, but there is an implied condition that the adventure shall be commenced within a reasonable time, and that if the adventure be not so commenced the insurer may

avoid the contract.

(2) The implied condition any be negative by showing that the delay was caused by circumstances known to the insurer

before the contract was concluded, or by showing that he

waived the condition.

42．（1）在保险标的是按“在和从”或“从”某一特定地点开始的航次保险单承保之场合，在签订该合同时，该船无需在该指定地点，但有一项默示条件，即该冒险应在合理时间内开始，如果该冒险未在该时间内开始，保险人可以撤销合同。

（2）通过证明延迟是由于保险人在签订保险合同之前已知道的情况造成的，或证明保险人已放弃该默示条件，该默示条件可以被否定。

第43条启航港的变更（Alteration of port of departure）

43. Where the place of departure is specified by the

policy, and the

ship instead of sailing from that place sails from any other place, the risk

does not attach.

43．在保险单已明确规定了启航地之情况下，船舶未从该地而是从任何其他地点启航，保险单不承保该风险。

第44条驶往不同的目的港（Sailing for different destination） 44. Where the place destination is specified in the

policy, and the ship, instead of sailing for that destination, sails for any other destination, the risk does not attach.

44．若保险单已明确规定了目的港，但船舶不驶往该目的港，而驶

往任何其他目的港时，保险单不承保该风险。

第45条改变航程（Change of voyage）

45.(1) Where, after the commencement of the risk, the

destination of the ship is voluntarily changed from the

destination contemplated by the policy there is said to be a change of voyage.

(2) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where there is a change of voyage, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time of change , that is to say, as from the time

when the determination to change it is manifested; and it is immaterial that the ship may not in fact have left the course of voyage contemplated by the policy when the loss occurs.

45．（1）如果在风险开始后，船舶自愿地改变保险单预定的目的港，即构成航程变更。

（2）除非保险单另有规定，如存在航程变更，保险人自该变更之时起，亦即，自变更决定被证明之时起，即免除责任；至于船舶发生灭失当时可能事实上尚未偏离保险单预定的航线则无关紧要。

第46条绕航（Deviation）

46.(1) Where a ship, without lawful excuse, deviates from the voyage contemplated by the policy, the insurer is

discharged from liability as from the time of deviation, and it is immaterial that the ship may have regained her route

before any loss occurs.

(2) There is a deviation from the voyage contemplated by the policy –

Where the course of the voyage is specifically designated by the policy, and that course is departed from; or

Where the course of the voyage is not specifically

designated by the policy, but the usual and customary course is departed from.

(3) The intention to deviate is immaterial; there must be

a deviation in fact to discharge the insurer from his

liability under the contract.

46．（1）如果在无合法理由的情况下，船舶自保险单预定的航线绕航，保险人自该绕航之时起解除责任，船舶在任何损失发生前可能已回到原航线无关紧要。

（2）下列情形即属自保险单预定的航线绕航在保险单已明确规定了航程航线的情况下，船舶驶离该航线；

在保险单未明确规定航程的航线之场合，船舶驶离通常和习惯的航线

英国海上保险法06年

英国海上保险法 （一九０六年） （现行有效） 第一条 海上保险契约，系保险人向被保险人允诺，于被保险人蒙受海上损害，即海事冒验所发生之损害时，应依约定之条款及数额负责赔偿之契约。 第二条 （一）海上保险契约得因明订条款，或商业习惯，扩展其范围，凡被保险人与海程有关之内河或陆地危险均得受该契约之保障。 （二）船舶在建造中，在下水时或在其他类似海事冒险时，凡投保海上保险者，本法在可能范围内均应适用，但除本条所规定者外，对于海上保险以外之保险法律不发生影响。 第三条 （一）所有海事冒险，均得依本法之规定，订立海上保险契约。 （二）下列各款均属海事冒险情节。 甲、船舶货物或其他动产有蒙受海上危险可能者，是项财产在本法即称为“受保财产”。 乙、收益、运费、客票、佣金、利得、或其他金钱利益或垫款，借贷，或日用开支等项，因“受保财产”蒙受海上危险可能发生影响者。 丙、“受保财产”之所有人，利书关系人或负责人，因海上危险对第三者发生赔偿责任可能者。 海上危险指称因航海所发生之一切危险，例如海难、火烧、兵灾海盗、流氓、窃盗、捕获、拘捕、禁止以及君王人民之扣押，投弃，船员故意行为，或其他保险契约所注明之危险。 保险利益 第四条 （一）以赌博为目的而订立之海上保险契约，应为无效。 （二）凡海上保险契约，有下列情节者应认为赌博契约： 甲、被保险人无本法规定之保险利益者；或在订约时，无取得是项利益之希望者。 乙、保险契约订有下列或其他类订条款者，例如“无论有无利害关系”，“除本契约外无须再证明其他利害关系”，“保险人并无捞救利益”。 但因捞救无望而于契约内载有是项注明者不在此限。 第五条 （一）凡与海事冒险发生利益关系之人，均得依本法之规定认为有保险利益。 （二）凡对于海事冒险或受保财产，立于法律上或利害上，关系地位之人，于该受保财产安全时，或按期到达时，即蒙利益，于发生损失时，或扣押时，即发生损害或赔偿，即称

英国政体总介绍(中英文)

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英国1906年海上保险法(doc 25)

英国1906年海上保险法 1906年颁布,1907年1月1日实施) 第一条 海上保险契约，系保险人向被保险人允诺，于被保险人蒙受海上损害，即海事冒验所发生之损害时，应依约定之条款及数额负责赔偿之契约。 第二条 (一)海上保险契约得因明订条款，或商业习惯，扩展其范围，凡被保险人与海程有关之内河或陆地危险均得受该契约之保障。 (二)船舶在建造中，在下水时或在其他类似海事冒险时，凡投保海上保险者，本法在可能范围内均应适用，但除本条所规定者外，对于海上保险以外之保险法律不发生影响。

第四条 (一)以赌博为目的而订立之海上保险契约，应为无效。 (二)凡海上保险契约，有下列情节者应认为赌博契约： 甲、被保险人无本法规定之保险利益者；或在订约时，无取得是项利益之希望者。 乙、保险契约订有下列或其他类订条款者，例如“无论有无利害关系”，“除本契约外无须再证明其他利害关系”，“保险人并无捞救利益”。 但因捞救无望而于契约内载有是项注明者不在此限。 第五条 (一)凡与海事冒险发生利益关系之人，均得依本法之规定认为有保险利益。 (二) 凡对于海事冒险或受保财产，立于法律上或利害上，关系地位之人，于该受保财产

安全时，或按期到达时，即蒙利益，于发生损失时，或扣押时，即发生损害或赔偿，即称为利害关系人。 第六条 (一)在保险契约订立时，被保人对于标的物固无发生利益关系之必要，但在标的物发生灭失时，被保险人必须享有保险利益。标的物之保险，系以“危险之有无”为条件者，虽然灭失发生后，始取得利益时，仍得请求损害赔偿，但保险契约订立时，被保险人明知已灭失，而保险人不知者，不在此限。 (二)被保险人如在灭失发生时并无保险利益者，无论其嗣后行为若何，均不能取得保险利益。 第七条 (一)属于消灭性之利益得为保险，其属于本来之利益亦得为保险。

英国名胜介绍(英文版)

London introduction London,the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Europe's largest city, one of the world's two major（主要）center city, is one of the most prosperous（繁荣的）global city. London is the center of economic（经济的）financial（财务的）and trade （贸易）in Europe and the United States of New York, tied for the world's most important financial center. The Big Ben, Tower Bridge Big Ben is Elizabeth Tower. London's famous ancient（报时）bell, the palace of Westminster clock. The British Parliament （英国国会）meeting hall clock tower, built in 1859. Tower bridge is the Tower Bridge of London. Tower Bridge of London is the first bridge the river Thames from where it begins, is a symbol （象征）of London, "London front gate", was built in 1886. The London Eye The London Eye, The London Eye, British Airways, also known as the Millennium（千禧）Wheel, is located（位于）the banks of the river Thames in London, is the world's fourth largest Ferris wheel, is one of the landmarks（标志）of London, is one of the most attractive（具有吸引力的）tourist attractions（旅游景点）in London. Thames River Thames River is a famous British mother river, rising in southwest Coates Ward Hills（科茨沃特丘陵）of England, 338 kilometers in length. Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace is the Royal Palace（王宫）, built in 1703 and named for the Duke of Buckingham（以白金汉公爵命名）. Westminster Cathedral Westminster Cathedral（威斯敏斯特大教堂）is located in the North Bank of the Thames River, was a Benedictine monastery（修道院）, founded（成立）in the year 960 ad（公元960年）, was expanded（扩建）in 1045, built in 1065. Tate Museum of Contemporary Art The Tate Museum of Contemporary Art（泰特现代美术馆）is located in the South Bank of Thames River, face each other across the river and the St.Paul's Cathedral, connecting（连接）them is the Millennium Bridge across Thames River. St.Paul's Cathedral St.Paul's Cathedral located in London, a representative（代表）of Baroque style architecture （巴洛克风格的建筑）, is the world's second largest dome（圆顶）of the church, it imitated（模仿的）Papal Basilica（教皇的教堂）of Saint Peter in Rome（整体为罗马圣彼得大教堂）, is the representative of British classical architecture. University of Oxford The University of Oxford is a public university located in the city of Oxford, founded in 1167, is the oldest university in the English speaking world. Stratford Evan upon Avon Ford （埃文的斯特拉特福德）(Stratford) is located on the banks of the Evan River, a beautiful city is the greatest playwright（剧作家）of England, the hometown of Shakespeare（莎士比亚）.