00831现代英语语法复习资料1

第一部分：引言

《现代英语语法》是由李基安先生编写，全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会指定的全国高等教育自学考试教材。

关于这门课程的考试要求，可参见该教程第425所附录的《英语语法自学考试大纲》。大纲是方向、目标，广大考生必须仔细了解。英语语法是关于英语语言结构的理论知识。通过该课程的学习，学员能够比较系统地认识英语从词，句到语篇的构造，从而提高他们应用英语的规范性。

在学习该教材时，学员普遍存在两种倾向：一是，由于该教材都是用英文编写，里面又涉及很多专业术语，许多学员觉得高深、难懂；二是，有些学员认为，自己从学英语开始就在学习英语语法，没有必要在这门功课上花太多的精力，所有的语法书都大同小异，自己稍做准备就能对付过去。

其实，两种看法都失偏颇。现代语法的发展与传统语法已经存在比较明显的差异，例如：传统语法认为，英语有九种（甚至十六种）时态，该教程则采取的是‘a system of two tenses and two aspects’—-—-—-两时两体体系。另外对phrases, clauses 的概念也有不同的定义。书中提到的一些其他语言现象，如：外位[extraposition], 分隔[discontinuity], 分裂句[cleft sentence]等都是一般语法书所不提及或者阐述不同。该教材也并非高深莫测，毕竟多数语言现象还是我们日常英语学习中所耳濡目染的，只不过我们许多英语学习者没有考究过它们形成的理论根据，来龙去脉而已。

所以，为了使自己的英语更加规范，让自己能用英语更准确、有效地传递信息、表达思想，英语专业的学生还是很有必要把这门课程学好。

现在我们就结合《现代英语语法》教材，近几年英语语法专业考试试题，讲述英语语法考试中考生容易忽略的测试要点或难点。

我们先通过几道语法题来检测你现有的现代语法水平，接着探讨一下该教材的学习方法，最后把教材各章的要点、难点归纳给大家。在整个讲解过程中，我们力争多采用教材里的素材以及往年试题中的一些经典考题，以便学员在学习、归纳语法现象的同时使自己的备考收效最大化。

先测试一下自己的现代语法水平(同时了解一下英语语法考试的题型、结构；每年考试形式基本相同，有些部分稍有调整。为了节省篇幅，这里各部分只选取几个样题)

The Pre-course Quiz

I、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given:

1. In the end, he __________.

a. got invited

b. gets invited

c. was invited

d. was to be invited

2. Do what I tell you --__________!

a. or else

b. or so

c. and that

d. and do

3. __________ , he managed to remain among the top 5% of his class.

a. To work hard as he did

b. Working hard as he did

c. Work hard as he did

d. Worked hard as he did

4._____ there be life on Mars? (p171)

a. May

b. Can

c. Might

d. Ought

5.Stay _____ have dinner with us, will you?(p263)

a. to

b. or

c. and

d. here

6.You _____ be shocked at the news.(p168)

a. should well

b. must well

c. may well

d. can well

7. You have to wait a minute, ______?

a. haven't you

b. do you

c. don't you

d. shouldn't you

8. Staying in hotel cost ________ renting a room in a dormitory for a week.

a. twice as much

b. twice as much as

c. as much as twice

d. twice than 9. I don't think she meant_________ you. (p206)

a. hurt

b. to hurt

c. hurting

d. be hurt

10. ___ I worked hard at school, I ___ this kind of work now.

a. Had... wouldn't have done

b. Had... wouldn't be doing

c. If... wouldn't do

d. If... wouldn't be doing

II.多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分）

Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:

a, the, any, some, all

1. __________ of us decides what to take into the future and what to leave behind. That's why__________ arrival of the Year 2000 has become such a personal moment.

2. be, is, was, are ,were, will be, shall be, has, have had

a. She is one of these girls who _______ trouble running around.

b. This one of the many houses here which _______ destroyed in the earthquake.

3. seem, seems, me, I, mine

Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____. (p59)

4. less, less of, than, as, like

Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee. (p237)

III.填空题（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）

Fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:

1. It was an island __________ name I have forgotten.

2. He carried his luggage all the way home, __________ was actually unnecessary.

3. He soon made it clear __________ he had asked for a meeting.

4. The police arrived, after __________ the situation became calmer.

Fill in the blanks with proper words:

5.I like Australia best _______ all the English-speaking countries.

6.I made a comparison _______ the major English speaking countries.(p251)

IV.改错题（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）

Correct errors in the following sentences:

1. Francis Bacon wrote that reading made a full man.

2. Go and get some fresh air! You were sitting here all morning.

3.The all of Paris welcomed the general. (p79)

4. I've got five brothers, and every of them is quite different from the others.

5. None of my parents are interested in my idea. (p344) V.改写句子（本大题共14小题，每题2分，共28分）

Rewrite the following sentences as required:

1. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:

You sent my son an English-Chinese dictionary. Thank you very much.

2. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:

Twenty horses were put into the corral. They were to be trained for riding.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/206079887.html,bine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:(p289)

My boss is a very considerate person. His predecessor was not a considerate person at all.

4.Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive

device is appropriate:

A: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School?

B: No, I don't think John is trying to enter Harvard Law School. He hates lawyers.

5. Use discontinuity:

Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful than expected to children.

VI.名词解释（本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分）

Define the following terms with examples:

1.Non-finite verbs

2.Determiners

VII.简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）

1. What are inherent adjectives?

2. Can HOW - exclamations be used to highlight the noun? If not, what can HOW - questions highlight?

Key to the pre-course quiz

I. 单项选择题（每小题1分，共20分）

1、a

2、a

3、b

4、b

5、c

6、c

7、c

8、

b 9、b 10、b

II. 多项选择填空题（每小题2分，共10分，）

1. Each, the （共2分，一格1分）

2. have, were（共2分，一格1分）

3. seem, mine（共2分，一格1分）

4. less of, than（共2分，一格1分）

III. 填空题（每题1分，共20分）

1. whose

2. which

3. why

4. which

5. among

6.between

IV. 改错题（每小题1分，共8分）

Correct errors in the following sentences:

1. Francis Bacon wrote that reading makes a full man.

2. Go and get some fresh air! You have been sitting here all morning.

3.The whole of Paris welcomed the general.

4. I've got five brothers, and each of them is quite different from the others.

5. Neither of my parents are interested in my idea.

V. 改写句子（每题2分，共28分）

1. Thank you very much for the English-Chinese dictionary you sent my son.

2. Twenty horses that were to be trained for riding were put into the corral.

3. My boss is a very considerate person, which his predecessor was not at all.

4. No, I don't think so. He hates lawyers.

5. Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful to children than expected.

VI. 名词解释（每题2分，共4分）

1. The non-finite verbs are verbs that are not marked for tense or for subject-verb concord.

2. Determiners refer to words which are used in the pre-modification of a noun phrase and which typically precede any adjectives that pre-modify the head word.

VII. 简答题（每小题2分，共10分）

1. Generally speaking, adjectives denoting inherent qualities characterize the referent of the noun. e.g. A big house refers to a house whose size is big.

2. No, they can't. They can highlight the adjectives, adverb or verb.

第二部分：教材的学习与使用

一．首先，仔细研读教材后面所附录的《高等教育自学考试英语语法自学考试大纲》，做到学习重点、考试要求了然于心。

二．由于教材涉及的术语较多，考试时所有的考题均用英文表述，学员必须熟记这些术语。可参照书后《课程内容与考核目标》所列出的主要概念中英文对照。如：词素（morphemes），词缀法(affixation), 修饰性状语(adjunct) ，评注性状语(disjunct)等。

三．对于每个概念，术语，都要做到能用简单的英语解释，最好能用书中的定义进行解释。语法考试中就有一部分要检查考生对概念的理解及记忆。如：（1）Morpheme(p4): A morpheme is the minimal distinctive grammatical unit, and is the lowest unit in grammatical hierarchy. Morphemes are actually abstract elements of analysis. What occurs is an orthographic form in writing termed ?morph? which realizes the mo rpheme.(词素是语法的最小区别性单位,即最低一级的语法单位.词素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素.词素是抽象的形式成分，在不同的环境中由若干不同的形素来体现) （2）Mass nouns(p57): Those nouns that can not take plural forms are mass nouns, such as butter, cheese, homework music, etc. (没有复数形式的名词叫物质名词)

四．在理解的基础上，熟记教材上的例句。从以往的试卷分析来看，很多考题就是教材上的原句或略作变动。例如：在全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题第Ⅱ. 多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)中，几乎所有的题目均能从书中找出：

Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:

21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, series（P65）

A. a _____ of musicians

B. a___ of lectures

22. board, bunch, choir, packet, party（P66）

A. a ______ of guests

B. a______ of keys

23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall be（P344）

Some money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for the picnic.

24. seem, seems, me, I, mine（P59）

Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.

25. less, less of, than, as, like（P237）

Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee.

26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, like（P236）

John is as _____ a fool _____ Bill.

27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall be

A. That she is still alive ______ sheer luck.

B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.

28. have, has, had, will have, shall have（P346）

A. She is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.

B. This is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.

新编英语语法教程 复习资料

1.主谓一致 主谓一致Subject-Verb Concord即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 指导原则 语法一致 语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致 eg. A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. (主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式） 语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则. Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language. (主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式） 语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则. 意义一致和就近原则 意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致。 补充解释和例句见书P22 就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either…or…，neither…nor …，not only…but also …等. 例句见书P23 英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。如： (1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room. 他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。 There are five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。 (2) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there. 要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。 Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there 是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去 结尾的名词作主语 以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称 以-ics结尾的学科名称 以-s结尾的地理名称 其他以-s结尾的名词 以集合名词作主语 通常作复数的集体名词 见书P27 【注】goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义： Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 通常作不可数名词的集体名词 clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewelry(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式。 既可做单数也可作复数的集体名词 family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义。 【注】有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以：

【英语】 英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析

【英语】英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A hotel chain is employing human bed warmers to help guests get a good night's sleep. ________ (dress) in special all-in-one sleeping suits, the walking electric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at the Holiday Inn ________ they get under the covers. Dr Chris Idzikowski, ________ (direct) of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said the idea could help people get off to sleep. He ________ (explain) that "There's plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night ________ body temperature starts to drop. The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels (血管) ________ the hands, face and feet open up and release heat." "A warm bed –approximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuis –is ________ good way to start this process while a cold bed isn't. It helps people sleep well especially as it's taking much ________ (long) for them to warm up when they come in from the snow." Dr Chris Idzikowski and ________ (he) colleague Jane Bednall said the idea was like "having a giant hot water bottle in your bed". The five-minute free bed warming sessions will be tried out in London and Manchester ________ the end of next month. 【答案】 Dressed；before；director；explained；when；of；a；longer；his；at 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。 （1）考查非谓语动词。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是被动关系，故填Dressed。 （2）考查状语从句。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。根据句意，客人睡觉之前需要暖床，故填before。 （3）考查名词。句意：爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任Chris Idzikowski博士说，这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名，两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语，所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。 （4）考查时态。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知，这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。 （5）考查定语从句。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。根据句意，这是一个定语从句，先行词为the beginning of the night，并且先行词在从句中做时间状语，故填关系词when。 （6）考查介词。句意：人体温度之所以会下降，部分原因在于，（这时）人的手部、脸部以及脚部的血管开始扩张，散发了热量。空前前后都是名词，所以空格处应填介词，the blood vessels与the hands之间属于所属关系，故填of。 （7）考查冠词。句意：温暖的床（温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间）有助于人们入睡而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后，空格后为一个可数单数名词短语，所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”是以辅音音素开始的，故填a。

(精选)人教版高中英语语法复习资料

语法：是一门研究英语语言构成规律的学科。 词 法 ———— 语法 ————句法 简单句：在句子中只包含一套主谓结构。 并列句：通常由一个连词连接的并列的句子。 复合句：〖大句套小句〗 一气：虚拟语气 二词：非谓语动词、情态动词 三句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 语法 非谓语动词 一、 在句中不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 二、 啥样呢？ 1. 不定式：To do 2. 动名词：Doing 3. 分词：Done Eg1. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue. 围绕着群岛的海洋是深蓝色的 Eg2. My mother ordered the homework to be done. ☆☆非谓语动词的宾补，其逻辑主语为前面宾语 ▲ 方法一：口诀法 非谓语，三要点。 句法 目 的 结 构 形容词 名词 数词 代词 动词 介词 副词 感叹词 冠词 连词 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 简单句 复合句 并列句 时态、语态 非谓语动词 情态动词 词法 名词性从句 状语从句 定语从句

变否定，NOT 前。 哼哈将，时逻关。 七仙女，记心间。 （一） 变否定 （二） 哼哈将 1.动词不定式 主动关系 被动关系 一般式 To do To be done 完成式 To have done To have been done 进行式 To be doing (To be being done) 完成进行式 To have being doing (To have been being done) ▲ 一般式：不定式的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后的动作发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 ▲ 完成式：不定时动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg3. Jay Chou taught us to sing 黄河大合唱 last night. ▲ 进行式：不定时的动作和谓语动词动作同时正在进行 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg4. When his mother entered, the boy pretended to be sleeping. ▲ 完成进行式：不定时的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，一直持续到谓语动词动作，到谓 语动词动作为止。不定时的动作有可能刚刚结束，还有可能继续延续下去。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg5. Mr. Zhong is said to have been working as a teacher for 10 years. 时间关系 逻辑关系 B B B B B B B B

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