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动名词语法

动名词语法
动名词语法

一ing分词分句

1不带主语和连词的ing分词分句,逻辑主语通常可以在特定上下文或情景判定

如:He denied having been there.

Judging from what you say,he has done his best.

2带连词的ing分词分句,逻辑主语通常是主句主语,也可以从上下文判定,

如:When sleeping,I never hear a thing.

3带主语的ing分词分句,也能带有自己的主语,分以下几种情况,

a)ing分词分句作宾语时,

Do you mind my/me making a suggestion?

b)ing分词分句作介词补足语成分时,

I am annoyed about John’s/John forgetting to pay.

c)ing分词分句作主语时,

It’s no use your pretending to be deaf.

d)ing分词分句作状语即通常所说的“独立结构”时,

The last bus having gone,we had to walk home.

4关于ing分词分句主格的使用问题,

ing分词分句可以带有自己的主语,主语可以由名词或代词担任,名词可以是通歌或属格,代词可以是宾语或属格。补充说明几点,

a)当主语是无生命名词或较长的名词词组时,只能用通格,不能用属格,Is there any hope of your workshop winning the red banner.

b)当主语是不定代词或指示代词时,不用(或很少用)属格,

I object to anyone(‘s) smoking in there.

I object to that being said about me.

c)当主语是指物的it时,用it或its,指时间时只用it,

A:Why ,it’s eight o’clock already.

B:I’m surprised at it being so late.

5关于无依着ing分词分句,主要是作状语的ing分词分句,如果主句中不出现ing分词分句的逻辑主语,就成为了无依着ing分词分句。

6ing分词分句与限定从属分句的转换关系

ing分词分句属于从属分句范畴,既能充当分句成分,也能充当词组成分,与限定从属句的句法功能相同。

a)ing分词分句相当于名词性限定分句

如:I remember posting it.

=that I posted it.

b)ing分词分句相当于形容词性限定分句,

如:There were a lot of boys playing +football in the field..

=who were playing

c)ing分词分句相当于副词性限定分句,

如:In trying to open the door +I broken the key.

=While I was trying to open the door

注意:ing分词分句转换为从属分句时,一般不能把状态动词的ing形式转换为限定动词的进行体形式。

7ing分词分句作主语,

a)两种位置,

1)ing分词分句直接置于主语位置,

如: Seeing is believing.

2)用先行词it作形式主语,把ing分词分句置于句末,通常用于某些形容词或名词之后,

如:It’s interesting planning a holiday.

It’s fun having guests for the weekend.

b)作主语的ing分词分句与不定式分句在意义上的区别,

ing分词分句作主语通常表示抽象动作,并且不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,而不定式分句作主语通常表示具体动作,及往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如:It’s no use crying over split milk.(抽象动作)

Lying is wrong.(与执行者联系)

He realized that to go on like was no use.(具体动作)

To lie is wrong.(不与执行者联系)

c)ing分词分句带主语所用“格”,

用作主语的ing分词分句带主语,名词或代词通常用属格,只有在极其随便的谈话中才有用代词宾语作主语的情况,

如:It wouldn’t be any good my talking to him.

It’s strange him leaving like that.

d)ing分词分句作主语的其他场合,

1)用于“there+be+no+ing分词分句”结构中,

如:There is no saying what he’ll be doing next.

2)用于公告形式的省略结构中,

如:No smoking.

8ing分词分句作主语补语,通常用于连系动词之后,

如:My favorite sport is swimming.

在由What分句、···thing+关系分句以及all+关系分句充当主语,而其中的主动词do 为进行体形式时,其后的主语补语也可以是ing分词分句,

如:What I’m doing is teaching him a lesson.

The only other thing I remember doing was trying to my house look move lived in.

All I’m doing is blazing a trail.

关于用作主语补语的ing分词分句,有以下几点值得注意,

a)要区别形容词化的ing分词分句和ing分词分句,

一些完全形容词化的ing分词分句具有形容词的各种特性,它们能用作主语补语,但是它们以形容词词组作主语补语的,例如:amusing,annoying,boring,charming,comforting,promising,striking,vexing等,

如:Prices are stable and the market is flourishing(繁荣).

b)要区别作主语补语的ing分词分句和动词进行体,这两者的区别往往要根据意义来判

定,

His hobby is collecting stamps.

He is collecting stamps.

c)关于go fishing之类的结构

在go,come以及sit,stand等动词后也能接ing分词分句作主语补语,

如:We sat telling stories to the children.

9只能带ing分词分句作宾语的动词,不能带不定式分句作宾语,常见的有:acknowledge,

avoid,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,fancy,facilitate,give up,cannot help,don’t mind,keep(on)等,

如:I finished reading it.

上述大多数动词(除finish,practise等少数词外)后的ing分词分句都可以根据需要略去主语或放上主语,通常用名词或代词的宾格表示,也可用属格表示,但在deny,postpone,defer等词后,大多用属格。

如:He doesn’t deny his breaking the agreement.

10既能带ing分词分句又带不定式分句作宾语的动词,常见的有:attempt,begin,cannot bear,cease,continue,dread,forget,hate,intend,like,love,neglect,omit等,以上词用法不尽相同,分为以下几种情况:

a)在begin,start,continue,cease,cannot bear,like,love,prefer,propose,等词后,ing分词分句或不定式分句作宾语意义相差不大,

如;You can’t bear being laughed at.

=to be laughed at.

但在以下情况,通常用不定式分句,

1)在would like /love/prefer/hate后,表示一个特定的新动作时,

如:I’d like to buy a suit.

2)在主句动词已用于进行体时,

如:It’s beginning to rain.

3)在begin后,不定式分句的动词为状态动词时,

如:We began to see what he meant.

b)在attempt,intend,plan等词后,用不定式分句比用ing分词分句多,

c)在need,want后用主动态ing分词分句表示被动含义,与用被动语态不定式分句意义上并无差别,但以用ing分词分句较为普通,require,deserve也能这样用,但不及need,want普通。

d)在remember,forget后,用ing分词分句或不定式分句意义上有明显区别,ing分词分句指先于主句动词的动作,不定式分句指后与主句动词的动作,regret也属这一类,如:I remember posting the letter.(寄信发生在记得之前)

I remember to post the letter.(寄信发生在记得之后)

e)在try,cannot help,mean,stop,leave off,go on后,用ing分词分句还是用不定式分句取决于它们本身的含义和用法,

如:I couldn’t help finishing it.(不能不结束某事)

I couldn’t help to finishing it.(不能帮助结束某事)

11.能用ing分词分句作宾语补语的几类动词,

a)see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,look at,listen to,等表示感觉和心理状态的动词,

如:I didn’t notice him waiting.

b)have,set,keep.get.catch.leave等表示“致使”等意义的动词,

如:I can’t get the clock going again.

c)在regard,describe,accept,think of,quote,等动词后,由as引出的用作宾语补语的

ing分词分句,

如:They quoted him as saying these words.

12有关ing分词分句作宾语补语的几点说明,

a)在表示感觉的动词后,要表示动作的进行,即非全过程,用ing分词分句,要表示

动作的完成,即全过程,用不带to不定式分句,

如:I saw him crossing the road.

I didn’t see the ball break the window.

如果宾语补语是由短暂动作动词构成的分句表示,不定式分句为一次动作,ing分词分句则表示反复动作,

如:We heard the door slam.(一次动作)

We heard the door slamming.(反复动作)

b)当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补语的ing分词分句便转换为主语补语,如;I found him working at his desk.

He was found working at his desk.

c)要把作宾语的带主语的ing分词分句与作宾语补语的带逻辑主语的ing分词分句区分开来,

如;I disliked him/his playing the piano.

=the fact that he played the piano.

12ing分词分句作状语

a)表示时间

1)不带连词的ing分词分句表示时间,

如:Opening the door,I saw nobody in.

2)带连词的ing分词分句表示时间,这里的连词通常是when,while,whether等,

如:When looking up I saw him enter.

b)表示原因,

Ing分词分句表示原因通常不带连词,

如:Not being used to strong sun,I got a sunburn.

c)表示条件,

1)不带连词的ing分词分句表示条件,

如;Working hard,you will succeed.

2)带连词的ing分词分句表示条件,这里的一般是if,once,even if,unless,等

通常限用于真实条件句,

如:If coming by car,take the A10 and turn off at A44.

d)表示让步,

1)不带连词的ing分词分句表示让步,

如:Working or playing,Sarah is always intense.

2)带连词的ing分词分句表示让步,这里的连词通常是though,although,whether···or,等,

如:Whether waking or sleeping,the subject is always in his mind.

e)表示行为方式或伴随状况,

1)不带连词的ing分词分句表示行为方式和伴随状况,

如:They walked by the lake,holding hands.

2)带连词的ing分词分句表示行为方式和伴随状况,这里的连词一般是as if和as

though,

如:He bent down as if tightening his shoelaces.

f)表示结果,

Ing分词分句表示结果通常不带连词,

如:Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.

13ing分词分句作名词修饰语,主要做后置修饰语,这种ing分词分句通常相当于一个关系分词,后置修饰语也可仅由一个ing分词构成,

如:I have a friend living in London(=who lives in London)

Oh,it’s the cake burning.

14ing分词分句作介词补语成分,简单和复杂介词,并且介词是主句动词的组成成分,或不是,都能用ing分词分句作补足成分,以下几种搭配关系,介词省略及不定式分句用法比较:

a)能用ing分词分句作介词补足成分的几种搭配关系:

1)在动词+介词后,

如;He took to playing golf.

2)在动词+名词(或代词)+介词后,

如:Excuse me for being late.

3)在名词+介词后,

如:I see no harm in waiting another month.

4)在形容词(或作形容词用的ed分词)+介词后,

如:I’m not very confident of passing.

5)在表示征询意见的How about···,What about···后,

如:How about changing the subject?

b)ing分词分句前的介词有时可以省略,

如:He had no trouble(in) finding the address.

c)介词+ing分词分句与不定式分句的用法比较,

某些名词(如opportunity,chance,way),某些动词(如agree,decide),某些形容词(如:content,fortunate)后,即可用介词+ing分词分句,也可用不定式分句,含义并无区别,只有少数在含义上有区别。

如:She is fortunate for having +such a sun.

=to have

Did you think of asking Brown?(表示意图)

to askBrown?(表示想到)

二ed分词分句

1ed分词分句的结构模式,

a)不带主语和连词的ed分词分句,逻辑主语通常可以在特定上下文或情境中判断,如:Considered as a work of art, the building is rather disappointing.

b)带连词的ed分词分句,

如:John,don’t speak until spoken to.

c)带主语的ed分词分句,

如;The job finished,we went home straight away.

2ed分词分句与限定从属分句,

a)ed分词分句相当于形容词性限定从属分句,

如:The only car yet repaired by the mechanic.

=that has yet been repaired by the mechanic.

b)ed分词分句相当于副词性限定从属分句,

如:The milk would not turn sour if boiled.

=if it were boiled.

3ed分词分句作主语补语,通常用于come,go,stand,等少数动词后,不及物动词

的ed分词分句能用作主语补语,只限于少数位置转移的动词,如go,come,set,等,如果这些ed分词在意义上强调动词所表示的动词所表示的动作,那就得用完成体,

如:The seam came unsewn.

The sun is set,let’s go home.

When we got home,the sun had set.

4ed分词分句做宾语补语,可以带有ed分词分句作宾语补语的动词有:

a)see,hear,find,feel,think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词,

如:We found her greatly changed.

b)make,get,have,keep,等表示“致使”意义的动词,

如:Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s.

在“have+宾语+ed分词分句”这一结构中,have有三种不同意义:

1)指有意识的被动行为,动作的执行者不一定是句子的主语,这时have作“使”

“让”解,等于get,要重读,

如:We had the problem solved.

2)指无意识的被动行为,动作的执行者不是句子主语,相反,主语遭受到这种动作的影响,这时have作“受到”“遭到”解,意义上不等于get,不要重读。如:The pilot have his plane hijacked(劫持).

3)表示通常意义的“有”,

如:We have not any wine left in our house.

c)like,want,wish,order等表示“希望”“要求”等意义的动词,

如:I want none of you(to be )involved in the scandal(丑事).

5ed分词分句作名词修饰语,

作名词修饰语的ed分词分句一般置于名词后,有些ed分词放在名词前时,就转变为形容词了,不及物动词的ed分词分句不能放在名词词组中作后置修饰语,

如:Things seen are mighter than things heard.

The train arrived at platform NO.3 is from Nanjing.

6ed分词分句作状语,

a)表示原因

如:The children,exhausted,fell asleep at once.(=as the children were exhausted).

b)表示时间条件,

如:Heated,water changes into steam.(=When/If water heated.)

c)表示让步,

如:Although told to stop,he kept on working.(Although he was told to stop).

d)表示方式,

如:Let’s start as arranged.(=as it is arranged).

e)表示伴随状况,

如:He came back,utterly exhausted.

三不定式分句

1不定式分句的结构模式

a)不带主语的不定式分句,逻辑主语是隐含的,通常可以在上下文或情景中判定,如:I hope to see you soon.

b)带主语的不定式分句,通常由for,rather than,with,等引导,

如:There is no need for it to be said.

c)带疑问词的不定式分句,

如:I wonder who to invite.

2不定式分句与限定从属分句

a)不定式分句相当于名词性限定分句,

如;I don’t know what to do.

=what I should do.

b)不定式分句相当于形容词性限定分句,

如:He has a large family to support.

=that he must support.

c) 不定式分句相当于副词性限定分句,

如:I’m glad to hear that.

=because I’ve heard that.

3不定式分句作主语

不定式分句能置于句首担任主语,后置不定式分句也适用于主句动词不是连系动词的句子,

如:To hesitate is a pity.

It took(us)five hours to get here.

4不定式分句作主语补语

a)一种情况是主语和主语补语都是不定式,其含义往往一是条件,一是结果,

如:To decide is to act.

b)主语是以aim,ambition,duty,hope,idea,plan等为中心词的名词词组,或以what引导的名词性分句表示,后面的不定式分句说明其内容,

如:Your mistake was to write that letter.

不定式分句作主语补语时,通常带to,但在某些句型中也可省略to,

如:All you do is talk about cars.

5不定式分句作宾语

a)动词+带to不定式分句

能直接跟有带to不定式分句作宾语的动词,常见的有:afford,agree,apply,ask,choose,claim,decide,hope,learn,long,promise,refuse,want等,

如:I expect to be back on Sunday.

b)动词+疑问词+带to不定式放分句

能跟带有疑问词的带to不定式分句作宾语的动词常见的有:decide,find out,forget,know,wonder,think等,疑问词可以是what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which。

如:Remember when to turn.

如果句子的结构是“主语+动词+不定式分句作宾语+补语”,那么就得用先行词it 作宾语置于补语前,而把不定式分句放到补语后面去。

如:I find it difficult to understand him.

5不定式分句作介词补足成分

不定式分句一般不可以作介词补足成分,除含有否定意义的带有介词except的结构中才用,

如:The child did nothing except weep.

当but用作except解释时,及save,besides之后也可以这样用,

如:She can do anything but sing.

I hardly remember what I did besides read.

6不定式分句作宾语补语,

a)动词+宾语+不定式分句

能用不定式分句作宾语补语的动词,大体有如下几类;

1)see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe等表示感觉的动词,作宾语补语的不定式分句都不带to,

如;I heard her sing.

2)have,let,make,allow,ask,get,intend,invite,teach,tell,want等表示“致使”等意义的动词,除了have,let,make以外,都接带to不定式分句作宾语补语,如:You made me laugh.

3)consider,declare,find,think,believe,suppose等表示心理状态的动词,

如:We found him to be dishonest.

上述动词后带to不定式通常是to be,在consider,declare,find,prove,think等动词后的to be往往可以省略。

4)love,hate,like,prefer,want等表示情感状态的动词,

如;I’d hate you to do that.

5)arrange for,ask for,provide for,wait for,call(up)on,rely on,等介词动词,如:We waited for that to be done.

b)“动词+宾语+不定式”的被动态转换形式

上述五类动词,除第四类外,都可转换为被动态形式,但有几点需要注意,

1)第一类动词(除notice,watch不用被动态外)转换为被动态时,后面的不带to不定式转为带to不定式,

如:We saw the car stop.

The car was seen to stop.

2)第二类动词(除have不用被动态外)转换为被动态时,其后通常都不用带to不定式,

如:They made us wait for two hours.

We were made to wait for two hours.

只有let,go例外,而用be allowed to替代,

如:They won’t let us go.

We won’t be allowed to go.

3)第三类动词转换为被动态时,to be是否省略,与主动结构相同,know的现在完成体否定形式为主动态时,后面接不带to的不定式转换为被动态时接to不定式,如:I’ve never known him behave like this.

He has never been known to behave like that before,

4)第五类动词,有些有被动态,有些无被动态,有些被动态不体现在不定式上,如;He can relied on to help us.

6不定式作名词修饰语

不定式分句作名词修饰语通常只能置于被修饰的名词中心词之后,某些带有不定式分句作补足成分的形容词转换为名词时也能带不定式分句作修饰语,名词词组在意义上可以是不定式分句的主语或宾语。

如:It’s time to go to bed.

This is a good rule to go by.

7不定式分句作状语,

a)表示目的,句子主语通常是它的逻辑主语,但在下列三种情况中,不定式有它自己的或表示出来或没有表示出来的逻辑主语,

1)当不定式在由for引导的分句中,

如:I stopped for him to speak to me.

2)当不定式分句跟在bring,send等动词+宾语之后,

如:They sent a man to mend the window.

3)当不定式分句是被动形式时,

如:I took my shoes to be mended.

b)表示结果,常见于下列搭配,

1)so…as to….

如:Will you be so good as to tell him so?

2) such…as to…

如:His illness is not such as to cause anxiety.

3) enough to…

如:The ice is thick enough to walk on.

4) too…to…

如:It was too late for there to be any taxis.

c)表示原因

不定式分句表示原因,与表示目的的形式相似,也得根据词汇意义判定,

如:She wept to hear the news.(原因)

She wept to obtain sympathy.(目的)

d)表示条件,通常置于句首,

如:To listen to me,you should think that no problem whatever existed.

8不定式分句作形容词补足成分

a)第一种类型的“形容词+不定式分句”搭配关系,

能用于这一搭配关系的形容词大体可分为以下四种:

1)表示喜怒哀乐的形容词+不定式分句,

如:Henry was happy to hear it.

2)表示运气好坏的形容词+不定式分句,

如:George was lucky to find it.

3)表示心理状态,个人态度等的形容词+不定式分句,

如:He is anxious to see her.

4)表示性格特征和行为表现等的形容词+不定式分句,

如:He is foolish to meet her again.

b) 第二种类型的“形容词+不定式分句”搭配关系,

主句主语是不定式分句的逻辑宾语,分为两种情况,一种是能以不定式分句作主语并能转换为先行it结构;另一种是不能以it不定式分句作主语。

1)能以不定式分句作主语的情况,

如:Mary is easy to teach.

2)不能以不定式分句作主语的情况,

如:The coffee is bitter to taste.

c) 第三种类型的“形容词+不定式分句”搭配关系,

主句主语可以是不定式的逻辑主语,也可以是不定式分句中的逻辑宾语,用于这一结构的形容词在相应的转换结构中变成了副词,

如:George is quick to take offence(生气).

高中英语语法详解:动名词

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imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面能够用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如:

admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on

动名词的用法

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Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语,有时用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。 例如:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收) It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语 常见的动词有:advise,avoid,delay,escape,excuse,enjoy,consider,finish,deny,fancy,keep,mind(在乎)postpone,pardon,practise,suggest,imagine等。 need,want,require后接动名词,表示被动意义。 如:Would you mind opening the door?请你把门打开好吗? Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport,I saw my mother standing in the

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1 动名词的用法 动名词可以起名词的作用,在句子中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。动名词仍保留动词的 一般特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语,构成动名词短语。动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。 (一)做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时,谓语用复数形式。例如:Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。 Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。 It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it.似乎读英语比说英语容易。 My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps . 我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。 在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中,It为形式主语,而将做主语的动名词短语 放在后面。例如: It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。 Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents? 为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗? It’s wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。 It is of great importance fighting against pollution. 制止污染有重要意义。 It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early. 给这个病人做手术已经没用了。本应该早些把他送来。 It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.吸烟没好处,你最好戒掉。 (二)动名词短语作宾语。常用的能接动名词的动词有:admit承认,appreciate 感激,avoid 避免,advise 建议,can’t help 不禁,celebrate 庆祝,consider 考虑,complete 完成,contemplate沉思、打算,defer推迟,delay 延期,deny 否认,detest 痛恨,discontinue 停止,dislike不喜欢,dispute不同意,endure 忍耐,enjoy 喜欢,escape逃脱,excuse 原谅,fancy想象,feel like 想要,finish结束,严禁,forgive 原谅,hinder 阻碍,imagine 想象,keep 保持,mention 提到,mind 在意,miss 错过,pardon 饶恕、原谅,permit 允许,postpone 推迟,practise 实践、练习,prevent 阻止,recall 回忆,report报告,resent 怨恨,resist抵制、阻止,risk冒险,stop 停止,suggest 建议,understand 明白、理解,等等。 例如: He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。 David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt. 戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车 抵债。 (我们把这句话改为虚拟语气:David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. ) I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。

高英语语法专项练习:过去分词

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英语语法知识——动名词

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b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如: 3 )作表语,对主语说明、解释。例如: Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 比较:She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4 )作定语,一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如: a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 有些动名词作定语,与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如: boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it手扶拖拉机 B worth 的用法 worth, worthy, worthwhile 都是形容词,意为"值得"。 1. worth :be worth + n.当名词为金钱时,表示"……值得……" 常见的有It ’s worth while to do./ It ’s worth (someone’s)while doing be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做" The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。2. worthy :be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"

英语语法 -ing分词的用法

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XX高中英语语法大全动名词

XX高中英语语法大全动名词 出guo高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评,请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝,暑假过去了,新学期开始了,不管情愿与否,无论准备与否,我们已走进高三,走近我们的梦!祝愿决战xx高考的新高三学员能倍加努力,在xx年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。动名词 一、动名词作主语 1. 一般置于句首: Reading English is easier than speaking it. 2. 有时也可以用it作形式主语,而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。 It will be nice seeing them again. 这类句子结构常见的还有: 1) It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk. 2) It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first suess. 3) Is it any good…? Is it any good trying to exp1ain? 4) It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it. 3. 动名词还可以在There is no?句子结构中做主语: There is no asking him to e now.He is busy. 这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语,其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do? 二、动名词作表语 连系动词常与动名词连用,一起构成复合谓语:

动名词的用法详解

动名词的用法详解 今天给大家带来动名词的用法详解,我们一起来学习吧,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。 英语语法:动名词的用法详解 动名词因同时拥有动词和名词两者的特点而拥有及其丰富 的用法,熟练的掌握这些用法不仅可以使口语表达更地道生动,也能在写作中增分添彩。 动名词主要有四种用法,做主语,作宾语,作表语,作定语,每种用法下又分小类别,是一个非常复杂庞大的系统,学习者们往往会理不清脉络,今天就为大家带来动名词的用法讲解。 一.作主语 1.直接位于句首 eg.Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2.用it作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 eg.It is no use telling him not to worry.

.mportant,essential,necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。 3.用于“There be”结构中 eg.There is no saying when hell come. 4.动名词的复合结构作主语: 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构,动名词疑问句通常使用这种结构做主语 eg.Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Does your saying that mean anything to him? 二.作宾语 1.作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。不定式通常指某种特定的动作,但动名词表示泛指,常见的此类动词有: admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,e njoy,finish,give up,cannot help,imagine,include,keep,understand,keepon,mind,report,risk,mis s,put off,delay,practise,resist,suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,burst out,insist on,feel like,be used

(word完整版)高中英语语法全解-过去分词

第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1.规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited(限制) pretend→pretended(假装) escape→escaped(逃脱) provide→provided(提供) refer→referred(提交) drag→dragged(拖) pray→prayed(祈祷) supply→supplied(供应) 2.不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast(投掷) spread→spread(传播) bite→bitten(咬) forgive→forgiven(原谅) spit→spat(吐) wear→worn(穿) fight→fought(搏斗) lose→lost(丢失) 3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。 C.动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。 1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外,动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义,有的同时也带有被动的意义。

精选高中英语语法归纳总结

高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

英语语法动词及动名词

1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 (has是助动词。) 3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(V erbal Phrase)例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。) The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。) 6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。

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