高中英语语法 全英详解

必修一

语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans.

Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday.

②Are you coming to the cinema?

③He is leaving for London in two hours.

④We are spending next winter in Australia.

Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc.

扩展：

What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples:

“I’m going to play football on Saturday”

You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you.

“I’m playing football on Saturday”

You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you.

语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语)

Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa.

You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways:

by repeating the words spoken (direct speech)

by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech).

Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words.

Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used.

1、declarative sentence陈述句

①Change in pronoun: The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change.

In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed in indirect speech into the pronoun (Subject) of reporting verb that is “he”.

He said, “I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much.

②Change in tense: If the first part of sentence (reporting verb part) belongs to past tense the tense of reported speech will change. If the first part of sentence (reporting verb part) belongs to present or future tense, the tense of reported speech will not change.

③Change in demonstrative pronoun指示代词, temporal adverbial时间状语, adverbial of place 地点状语and verbs.

Ps：(1)if the direct speech indicates objective truth, then there is no change in tense when it’s converted to indirect speech.

Ex. He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”

→He said that light travels much faster than sound.

(2) 如果在当地转述，here不必改成there，come不必改为go，如果在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。

2、imperative sentence祈使句

Imperative sentences do not normally have an expressed subject. In order to change an imperative sentence into the indirect speech, we use a to-infinitive. Note that instead of ‘said’ we use one of the following reporting verbs:

Ask, Tell, Advise, command, request, order, forbid, decree, propose etc.

If the imperative sentence is in negative form, then add ‘not’ in front of to-infinitive when convert the speech.

Ex.①The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”

→The hostess asked us to sit down.

②He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

→He told the boys to not to make so much noise.

3、interrogative sentence疑问句

Turn word order in interrogative sentence into that in declarative sentence, and use a full stop in the end. The subject, tense, adverbial etc have to change accordingly.

(1)general question一般疑问句

General questions are changed into the indirect speech by using the connective if or whether. The reporting verb say or said changes to ask or asked.

Ex. He said, “Are you interested in English?”

→He asked (me) if I was interested in English.

(2)special question

Special questions are changed into the indirect speech by using the same interrogative.

Ex. “What do you want?” he asked me.

→He asked me what I wanted.

语法点三：The Attributive Clause定语从句

Attributive clause is a sentence that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun to make clear which person or thing we are talking about.

Ex. The man who lives next to us sells vegetable.

You must do everything that I do.

In the two examples above, man and everything are called antecedents先行词. Who lives next to us and that I do are attributive clauses. Who and that are relative pronoun关系代词. The words to connect main clause and attributive clause are divided into two groups, they are relative pronouns, namely that, which, who, whom, whose, and relative adverbs, namely where, when, why.

Relative pronouns: We use who and whom for people, and which for things. We use that for people or things.

1.That, which, who

2.Whose

Whose replaces a genitive noun名词所有格in an attributive clause. The antecedent can be thing or person.

Ex. This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.

The room whose window faces south is mine.

3.When, where, why

First, when the antecedent is about reason, and it acts as an adv in the attributive clause, we will use “why”. Second, when the antecedent is about time, and it plays the role of an adv,“when” will be used. Third, when the antecedent is about place, playing the role of an adv of place, we will consider adopting where.

必修二

语法点一：（接定从讲）

4.The restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause.限制性和非限制性

(1)Restrictive clauses limit the possible meaning of a preceding subject. They are usually not marked

by pauses in speech, and they are not set off by commas in writing. Sometimes the relative pronoun which serves as an object in clause can be omitted.

Ex. What is the name of the tall man who just came in?

Beijing is a city (that) I’ve always wanted to visit.

He has found the book (that) he was looking for.

(2)Nonrestrictive clauses tell you something about a preceding subject, but they do not limit, or

restrict, the meaning of that subject. They are usually marked by brief pauses in speech and are usually set off by commas in writing. Relative cannot be omitted.

Ex. Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history.

Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.

Ps: ①In restrictive attributive clause, relative adverbs behind time or place sometimes can be omitted in spoken English.

Ex. That was the year (when) I first went abroad.

We need a place (where) we can stay for a few days.

②Why clause can only modified ‘reason’ and it can be converted to ‘for which’. In spoken English, we can also use ‘that’ or just omit the relative.

Ex. The reason (why/for which/that) I bought the roses is that Mary likes them.

③‘How’cannot be used as relative adverbs. We use in which, that, or no relative to modify ‘way’.

Ex. This is the way (how) I did it. (wrong)

This is the way(in which/that) I did it. (correct)

④the attributive clause can also be called as relative clause.

语法点二：The passive voice

We have learned the passive voice of the simple present tense and simple past tense.

1.The simple future tense (use ask as an example)

Ps: affirmative form; negative form; interrogative form

2.The present perfect tense

3.The present continuous tense

4.Phrasal verb短语动词

Normally, only transitive verbs can be used in passive voice, but with the addition of preposition or adverb to intransitive verbs, some phrasal verbs serve as transitive verbs, so they have passive voice too. Pay attention, we can’t miss any part of phrasal verb when we change it into passive voice.

At last they put out the fire. →At last the fire was put out.

They will put up a notice on the wall. →A notice will be put up on the wall.

Have you sent for a doctor? →Has the doctor been sent for?

Ps:

必修三

语法点一：modal verbs情态动词

A modal verb is a type of verb that is used to indicate modality – that is: likelihood, ability, permission, and obligation. They have to be used with infinitive.

Can-could may-might shall-should will-would have to-had to must

1.Can & could

They can be used to indicate ability, permission, possibility, etc.

Ps:

Possibility:

We use the modal can to make general statements about what is possible:

It can be very cold in winter. (= It is sometimes very cold in winter)

We use could as the past tense of can:

It could be very cold in winter. (=Sometimes it was very cold in winter.)

We use could to show that something is possible in the future, but not certain:

If we don’t hurry we could be late. (=Perhaps/Maybe we will be late)

We use could have to show that something is/was possible now or at some time in the past: It’s ten o’clock. They could have arrived now.

Permission:

We use?can?to ask for permission to do something or give permission; could is more formal and polite than can.

2.May & might

Ps: The negative forms are may not and might not.

We use may:

①when we are not sure about something:

Jack may be coming to see us tomorrow.

②to make polite requests:

May I borrow the car tomorrow?

③When we use may not for a refusal it is emphatic:

You may not borrow the car until you can be more careful with it.

We use might:

①when we are not sure about something:

I might see you tomorrow.

It’s quite bright. It might not rain today.

②As the past tense of may for requests:

He asked if he might borrow the car.

③For very polite requests:

Might I ask you a question?

3.Must & have to

Ps：

Must

①We use 'must' to express a strong obligation. When we use 'must' this usually means that some

personal circumstance makes the obligation necessary (and the speaker almost certainly agrees with the obligation.). Its negative form is must not, but when we answer a must question, we use need not or don’t have to.

②We can use 'must' to show that we are certain something is true. We are making a logical deduction

based upon some clear evidence or reason.

Have to

We can also use 'have to' to express a strong obligation. When we use 'have to' this usually means that some external circumstance makes the obligation necessary. But must indicate the speaker’s subjective opinion, have to refers to objective one.

4.Shall & should

5.Will & would

6.ought

Ought to is a semi-modal verb because it is in some ways like a modal verb and in some ways like a main verb. For example, unlike modal verbs, it is followed by to, but like modal verbs, it does not change form for person. The negative is formed by adding ‘not’ after ought (ought not to).

语法点二：Noun clauses

A noun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun. The object clause, the predicative clause, the subject clause, the appositive clause同位语从句.

1.The objective clause

It is a clause that functions like a noun object. It begins with conjunctions that, if, whether, conjunctional pronoun who, whose, what, which and conjunctional adverbs when, where, how, why, etc.

2.The predicative clause

It is a clause that functions as the predicative. It begins with conjunctions that, as if, whether, conjunctional pronoun who, what, which and conjunctional adverbs when, where, how, why, etc.

3.Subject clause

It is a clause that functions as the subject. It begins with conjunctions that, whether, conjunctional pronoun who, what, which and conjunctional adverbs when, where, how, why, etc.

4.The appositive clause

It’s a clause serves as the appositive to explain the preceding noun, which usually are fact, idea, news, promise etc. It begins with conjunction that, conjunctional adverb how, when, where, etc.

必修四

语法点一：Agreement between subject and verb主语和谓语动词的一致

1.Subjects and verbs must agree in number and person.

2.If two subjects are joined by ‘and’, they typically require a plural verb form.

3.Do you use a singular or plural verb to match a collective noun such as team or staff? The answer

is, it depends. If these nouns are acting as a unit, use a singular verb. If the sentence indicates more individuality, use a plural verb.

My family is a large one.

The family are sitting at the breakfast table.

This group is having a meeting.

Our group are reading the newspapers.

4.When indefinite pronoun like anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everything, someone,

somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other, etc serves as the subject, use a singular verb.

Is anybody going to tell him the news?

There is nobody in the house.

Everything is ready.

5.Pronoun ‘none’ and ‘neither’ can use either singular verb or plural verb and it depends on speaker’s

intention. But when ‘none’ and ‘neither’ stand for uncountable noun, they are considered as singular; when neither functions as an adjective to modify a singular noun, the predicate verb should be singular.

6.The verb in an ‘or’, ‘either…or’, ‘neither…nor’ or ‘not only…but also’ sentence agrees with the

noun or pronoun closest to it.

Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand.

Neither he nor I have finished the experiment.

7.In sentences beginning with here or there, the true subject follows the verb.

There are four hurdles to jump.

There is a high hurdle to jump.

Here are the keys.

8.Sometimes the subject is separated from the verb by such words as with, along with, together with,

as well as, like, except, besides, including, in addition to, etc. These words and phrases are not part of the subject. Ignore them and use a singular verb when the subject is singular.

The teacher with two students was at the meeting.

The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car.

9.Plural nouns that indicates time, money, distance, weight is considered as a whole when they are

used as the number of a unit, so the predicate verb should be singular.

Sixty years is a long time.

Ten dollars is enough for him.

Three thousand miles is a long distance.

语法点二：the verb -ing form

Subject, object, predicative, attribute, object complement, adverbial

语法三：构词法word formation

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/254693641.html,pounding 合成

2.Conversion 转化

The characteristic of a certain word词性

3.Derivation 派生

Prefix前缀，suffix后缀，root词根

Dis, un, in, im, non, mis, re, en, able, al, er, or, ess, less…

必修五

语法点一：verbs

The past participle

语法点二：inversion倒装

Inversion happens when we reverse (invert) the normal word order of a structure, most commonly the subject-verb word order. For example, a statement has the subject (s) before the verb (v).

1.Question

To make question word order, we invert the subject and the verb, with an auxiliary (aux) or modal verb (m) before the subject (s)

What do I need to take with me?

2.There be

There are some flowers on the table.

3.Direct speech, sometimes

“Is it ready yet?” asked Hu Xin.

4.Inversion can happen after ‘there, here, out, in, up, down, away, in front of, etc’ when it is as an

adverb or prepositional phrase of place or direction. It is used for emphasis.

Here comes the bus!

Here’s your coffee.

There goes the bell.

5.When we use an adverb or conjunction with negative meaning (e.g. never, not, not only, little,

seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly) in front position for emphasis, we invert the subject (s) and auxiliary (aux)/modal verb.

Not only was there no electricity, but also no water.

Never will he forget his first time to take a place.

Hardly had I got out of the house when it began to rain.

6.Only in front.

Only then did I begin my work.

Only in this way can you learn from your friends.

7.So, neither, nor

My sister enjoys travelling. So do I.

I don’t know and nor do I care.

8.So/such…that. So or such in front.

So proud was he that he never listened to any advice.

So absorbed was he in the novel that he did not notice his father at the door.

9.In sentences for wish.

Long live the People’s Republic of China!

May you have a happy holiday!

10.When ‘if’ is omitted in a subjunctive sentence.

Should you need more information, please let me know. (=if you should need more information, please let me know.)

Had Mark invited me, I would have been glad to come. (=If Mark had invited me, I would have been glad to come.)

语法点三：省略Ellipsis

选修6

语法点一：the subjunctive mood虚拟语气

In a sentence, the grammatical mood conveys the speaker’s attitude about the state of being of what the sentence describes.

1.the indicative mood陈述语气

The indicative mood is used to make factual statements, ask questions, or express opinions as if they were facts. Any verb tense may be deployed in the indicative mood.

2.the imperative mood祈使语气

A sentence in the imperative mood expresses commands or requests. It indicates that the speaker desires for the action expressed in the sentence to take place. In most imperative sentences, there’s an implied you.

3.the subjunctive mood虚拟语气

The subjunctive mood is the verb form used to express a wish, a suggestion, a command, or a condition that is contrary to fact.

①‘If ’ in conditional clauses

②In objective clause

1)After ‘wish’

Use past tense to indicate the condition at present, past perfect tense to indicate the condition in the past and would/could/might + infinitive to indicate condition in future.

He wishes he could paint as well as a professional artist.

I wish I had been with you yesterday.

We wish the rain would stop

2)After ‘would rather’

Use past tense to indicate the conditions at present or in future and past perfect tense to indicate conditions in the past.

I would rather you did it.

I would rather you hadn’t told me the truth.

3)After ‘demand, suggest, order, propose, request, command, insist’, etc.

Use should + infinitive or just infinitive to express wish, suggestion, command, request, etc.

Should can be omitted.

John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies (should) be examined.

They requested that the meeting be postponed.

③The subjunctive mood can also be used in subject, predicate, appositive clauses and the predicate

of the clauses is “should + infinitive” or just infinitive.

It’s important that we (should) attend the meeting.

It’s a pity that he (should) refuse our invitation.

My advice is that she wait till next week.

④the subjunctive mood can be used for wish, curse, prohibition, etc.

Long live the unity of the Chinese people!

God bless you!

语法二：the use of “it”

1.Pronoun it

①To replace the things that have been mentioned before.

My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.

②Replace demonstrative pronouns like this and that.

A: Whose umbrella is that?

B: It’s Mary’s.

③Used as impersonal pronoun to indicate time, date, place, weather, temperature, distance etc.

It’s a beautiful day.

2.Introducer引导词

①Used as dummy subject to replace the true subject in form of the infinitive, verb -ing form or clauses.

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.

It’s difficult to give up smoking.

②Used as dummy object to replace the true object in form of the infinitive, verb -ing form or clauses.

I think it best that you should do more exercise.

He found it difficult to do homework.

③We use it in cleft sentences. It emphases the subject or object of the main clause. It is (was) +

stressed constituents + that (who/whom) + other constituents.

It’s human activity that has caused this global warming.

It was Jim Brown who/whom/that you should ask.

选修七

语法点一：verbs

The infinitive动词不定式

1.Perfect infinitive

To+ have + past participle

2.Passive infinitive

To + be + past participle

3.When “to” is omitted in the infinitive in active voice, it must re-appear in passive voice.

The passive -ing form

语法点二：the attributive clause

Some conditions that which can’t be used in the attributive clause

1.When antecedents are indefinite pronouns like ‘all, little, much, few, everything, anything,

nothing, none’, etc, the relative pronoun can’t be which but that.

All that I want is your voice.

There is not much that can be done.

2.When antecedents are modified by superlative adjectives形容词最高级, the relative pronoun

can’t be which but that.

This is the funniest film that I have ever seen.

3.When antecedents are modified by ordinal number序数词, the relative pronoun can’t be which

but that.

This is the first time that we have met.

4.When antecedents are modified by ‘the only, the very, the same, the right’, etc, the relative

pronoun can’t be which but that.

American audiences will see the same movie that was shown in Asia.

5.When antecedents are modified by ‘all, every, any, much, little, few, no’, etc, the relative pronoun

can’t be which but that.

All the things that you told me are lies.

6.When the main clause is a special question that starts with ‘which, who, what’, the relative

pronoun can’t be which but that.

Who is the girl (that is ) sitting by the lake?

Which of those books (that are )on the table belong to you?

选修八

语法点一：verbs

Tenses

语法点二：the appositive同位语

An appositive is a noun, a noun phrase, or a noun clause which sits next to another noun(fact, idea, news, doubt, decision, possibility, assumption, question, etc) to rename it or to describe it in another way. It’s usually introduced by that, but sometimes what, why, whether, when, etc are ok.

词性part of speech

实词notional word

虚词structural word

派生词derivative [di'riv?tiv]

复合词compound ? [?k?mpaund]

专有名词proper noun

集体名词collective noun

系动词link verb

助动词auxiliary verb [?:g'zilj?ri]

情态动词modal verb

不规则动词irregular verb

使役动词causative verb

感官动词verb of senses

感叹词exclamation [.ekskl?'mei??n]

人称代词personal pronoun

物主代词possessive pronoun

反身代词reflexive pronoun [ri'fleksiv]

指示代词demonstrative pronoun [di'm?nstr?tiv]

不定代词indefinite pronoun

名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun

形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun [.?d?ik'taiv?l]

不定冠词indefinite article

基数词cardinal numeral

序数词ordinal numeral

原形base form

名词性从句nominal clause

定语从句attributive clause

宾语从句object clause

主语从句subject clause

同位语从句appositive clause

时间状语从句adverbial clause of time

地点状语从句adverbial clause of place

方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner

让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause

结果状语从句adverbial clause of result

目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose

条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition 简单句simple sentence

陈述句declarative sentence [di'kl?r?tiv]

一般疑问句general question

特殊疑问句special question

选择疑问句alternative question

附加疑问句tag question

反意疑问句disjunctive question [dis'd???ktiv] 存在句existential sentence [.egzis'ten??l]

肯定句positive sentence

否定句negative sentence

祈使句imperative sentence

省略句elliptical sentence [i'liptik?l]

感叹句exclamatory sentence [ik'skl?m?t?ri] 句子成分members of sentences

谓语predicate ['predikeit]

直接宾语direct object

间接宾语indirect object

补语complement

主补subject complement

宾补object complement

表语predicative

定语attribute

同位语appositive

分词participle

不定式infinitive [?n?f?n?t?v]

所有格possessive case

过去将来时past future tense

过去将来进行时past future continuous tense [k?n?t?nju?s]

过去将来完成时past future perfect tense

一般现在时simple present tense

一般过去时simple past tense

一般将来时simple future tense

过去完成时past perfect tense

现在完成时present perfect tense

将来完成时future perfect tense

现在进行时present continuous tense

过去进行时past continuous tense

将来进行时future continuous tense

现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense 主动语态active voice

被动语态passive voice

虚拟语气subjunctive mood

全部否定full negation

局部否定partial negation

全部倒装full inversion

部分倒装partial inversion

直接引语direct speech

间接引语indirect speech

主谓一致subject-predicate agreement

就近原则principle of proximity

意群sense group

语音pronunciation / speech sound

连读linking of sounds

语调intonation

升调rising tone

降调falling tone

同义词synonym

反义词antonym

记叙文narrative writing [?n?r?tiv]

议论文argumentative writing ?[?ɑ:ɡju?ment?tiv]

说明文expository writing [?k'sp?zit?ri]

应用文practical writing

逗号comma

冒号colon [?k??l?n]

分号semicolon

问号question mark

感叹号exclamation mark [?ekskl??me??n]

连字号hyphen [?ha?f?n]

引号quotation marks

音标phonetic transcription

元音vowel

单元音single vowel

双元音diphthong [?d?fθ??]

辅音consonant

清辅音voiceless consonant

浊辅音voiced consonant 上唇upper?lip

下唇lower?lip 齿龈alveolar?ridge [?l?vi?l?] 舌尖?tongue tip

声带vocal?cords

高中英语语法课教案.doc

高中英语语法“虚拟语气”的教学设计 一、教材分析： 本课是结合外研社版高中英语教材选修6中有关虚拟语气的语法内容，进行高三虚拟语气的复习，教学中将语法知识的传授和语言基本技能的学习结合到一起，注重复习语法与语言的运用。采用任务型教学法和小组合作探究学习法，从而扩大课堂的语言输入量及学生的语言输出量。 二、学情分析： 在高一和高二英语学习基础上，高三学生已经掌握基本的语言结构和一定程度的听说读写能力。在高三语法复习的过程中，结合学生原有的知识掌握水平，巩固基础强化正确使用语法知识，提高学生运用语言的深度和难度.但大部分学生的基础知识仍然较为薄弱，运用英语进行交际活动的能力较差，主动学习的动力不够，然而他们学习比较认真，渴求知欲旺盛，思维比较活跃。部分学生的基础较好，能主动配合老师。只有设置使他们感兴趣的活动，因材施教，才能让他们投入到课堂活动中来。 三、教学重点: 1.复习的重点---语法虚拟语气的句型结构. 2.语法虚拟语气的运用 四、教学难点: 1.结合复习的语法知识，以课堂教学为依托，全面训练学生的听、说、读、写能力，加强和提高运用英语的综合能力。 2.虚拟语气在真实的生活语境中的使用。 五、教学目标: 1.知识目标: 引导学生掌握情态动词在虚拟语气之中的使用。培养学生通读，分析，理解，综合的能力，教会学生体察语境，结合上下文，附和逻辑推理和合理的想象，结合语法和题干中的语境解决高考题。在运用语言过程中培养学生的观察力、分析力、想象力和自学能力，提高思维能力和运用英语的综合能力。 2.能力目标： 利用多媒体手段营造积极和谐教学氛围，使学生进入情景之中，充分调动学生的思维活动和情感体验，规范学生运用英语知识准确表达的能力，同时，发展学生综合语言运用的能力，分析问题和解决问题的能力，培养学生自主学习。 3.德育目标： 用情态动词和虚拟语气的句子结构表达思想感情和正确的世界观、人生观。 六、教学策略:

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（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that

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(完整)高中英语语法填空专题训练和答案

Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词。country是可数名词，此处由other修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故填countries. 67. 【答案】more 【解析】考查比较级。根据句中的than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级表示更多的人，故填more. 68. 【答案】Luckily 【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指“幸运的是”，故填Luckily. 69. 【答案】has changed 【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主语是单数，故填has changed. 70. 【答案】spoken 【解析】考查过去分词。English和动词speak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填spoken. 71. 【答案】from 【解析】考查固定短语。be different from“和…不同”，是固定短语。故填from. 72. 【答案】especially 【解析】考查副词。especial是形容词“特殊的，特别的”；especially是副词“尤其，特别”。

高中英语语法总结(完整版;高中必看!)

高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个

（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

高中英语语法系统全解【珍藏版】

高中英语语法系统全解 第一章动词时态 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s 或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。

Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.

高中英语语法(全英详细讲解)

必修一 语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来 use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ② Are you coming to the cinema? ③ He is leaving for London in two hours. ④ We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun:The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed

高中英语语法大全

高中英语语法大全 还记得高中的时候都学过哪些语法吗?英语老师强调掌握的是?下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高中英语语法，供大家参阅! 高中英语语法：倒装结构 同学们很容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装。如何区分之，编个顺口溜：副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒装，其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动，让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句，不倒装的属特殊。 下面举例说明： A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前，全倒装) B、Here he comes.(代词作主语，不倒装) C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前，全倒装) D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前，部分倒装) E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句，表语倒装) F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修饰状语，主句倒装) G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装) H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前，部分倒装) I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语，不倒装) 高中英语语法：引导的主语从句的what 1. 表特指 所谓表特指，就是说此时的what 在用法上大致相当于the。如： What money I have will be yours when I die. = The money I have will be yours when I die. 我一死我的钱就都给你。 What possessions I have are yours.=The possessions I have are yours. 我的所有的财产都是你的。 2. 表“微量” 有时不仅表特指，而且还表“微量”，即含有“量不多”之意。如果将“特指”和“微量”结合起来，该结构的意思就是“虽不多，但全部”，有时可译为“仅有”。如：

人教版高中英语【必修二】[语法讲解

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