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☆ 初中英语300组常用词语辨析

☆ 初中英语300组常用词语辨析
☆ 初中英语300组常用词语辨析

1 a bit/ a little

这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换,但有时不能。

Ⅰ.二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时,意义相同,为“一点儿”“有些”。如:

①I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。

②He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。

Ⅱ.二者都可以作名词词组,充当主语或宾语。如:

① A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。

②I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。

Ⅲ。a little可直接修饰名词;a bit后须加of才可以。如:

①.There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle.

[注意]a little of后的名词通常特指,表“……中的一些”,如:

①May I have a little of your tea?

Ⅳ. 否定形式not a little 作状语,相当于very/ quite, “很”,“非常”;作定语和宾语时,相当于much, 意为“许多”。而not a bit 作状语时,相当于not at all, 意为“一点也不”,作宾语时则相当于not much. Eg:

①He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。

②He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。

③She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。

Ⅴ. Not a bit中的not 可以分开使用;not a littl e中的not 则不能分开。Eg:

①He felt not a bit tired. = He didn?t feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。

②He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说:He didn?t fell a little

tired.

§2 a few/ few/ a little/ little

Ⅰ. a few和few修饰可数名词,a little和little修饰不可数名词;a few和a little 表示肯定意义,few和little表示否定意义,可受only修饰。如:

①Few people will agree to the plan because it?s too dangerous.

②This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it.

③T here is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some

④Don?t worry, we have a little time left.

§3about/ on

Ⅰ.about “关于”表示的内容较为普通或指人时用它。侧重于叙事,多用于叙述个人经历和事迹,故事内容涉及一些较浅的问题。是非正式用语。

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Ⅱ.on “关于”侧重于论述政治理论,国际形势,学术报告等。也就是说,当表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的或学术性的可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读时用。eg:

This is a text book on African history. 这是一本关于非州历史的教科书。[注]:它们有时可通用。

§4above/over/on/upon

Ⅰ. 方位介词,“在……之上”

Ⅱ. above 着重指:在……上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below.

①The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。

②The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。

Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面,或铺在……上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under.

①Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。

Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。

①The book is on the desk.

②There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。

Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。

①He laid his hand upon the boy?s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。

[注] up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。

①We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。

②The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。

§5accident/incident “事故”

Ⅰ. accident 可以表示事故,指不幸的意外事件。也表偶然的事件。

①Twenty people were killed in the railway accident

②He met with an accident.这完全是偶然的事。

Ⅱ. Incident 的意思是事件,尤指与较重大的事件相比,显得不重要的事件。它还可以表引起国际争端或战争的事件。

①It is a quite common incident.这是很普通的事。

②The Lugouqiao incident accrued on July 7th, 1937. 芦沟桥事件发生于1937

年7月7日。

§6accept/receive

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Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。

①I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。

②We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。

Ⅱ. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如:

①I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。

②He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下

来。

③He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。

[注] 在表示接待、接见时,通常用receive, 而不用accept.

如:We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。

§7 at hand/ in hand

Ⅰ. at hand“在手边;在附近;即将到来”如:

①When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand.他写东西时,手边总

有一本字典。

②Spring is at hand.春天就要来了。

Ⅱ. in hand “在手中的;现有的”引申为:“在掌握中;在处理中”。如:

①I have 100 yuan in hand.我手头有100元钱。

②The police immediately had the situation in hand.警方立即控制了局势。

§8accurate/exact/correct

Ⅰ. accurate “准确、精确”不仅表无错误,且表细心,谨慎地做到符合标准,符合事实或真象。如:

①Clocks in railway stations must be accurate. 火车站的钟必须准确。

②The figures are not accurate.这些数字不精确。

Ⅱ. exact “精确、确切”强调完全符合标准,符合事实或真象,丝毫没有差错。它这三个中语意最强。如:

①His translation is exact to the letter. 他的翻译翻译确切。

②Your description is not very exact.你的描述不很确切。

Ⅲ.correct. “正确”指按照一定的标准或规则,而没有错误。在这有一个词中,它的语意最弱。

①His answer is correct. 他的回答是正确的。

②The thing turned out to be correct.事情结果是对的。

§9ache/pain “痛”

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Ⅰ. ache 通常指一种持续的隐痛。它可以与表身体某部分的词,组成复合词。如:

①Where is the ache? 哪里痛?

②I have a head ache (stomachache, toothache atc).

Ⅱ. pain是普通用语。不含持续痛的意味,尤指一种突然的剧痛。除指肉体上的外,还指精神的痛苦。如:

①I feel a great deal of pain.我感到非常痛。

②He cried with pain. 他痛得直叫。

③I have a pain in the arm. 我手臂痛。

④I have pains all over. 我浑身痛。

⑤It gave us much pain to learn of the sad news. 听到不幸的消息很悲痛。

§10across/through/ over

Ⅰ. across “横过、穿过”,指从……的一边到另一边。含义与on有关。如:

①I swam across the river. 我游过这条河(指从此岸到彼岸)

②Let?s help push the cart across the bridge. 我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。Ⅱ. through “穿过、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内部穿过,含义与in有关。如:

①We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。

②The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城

市。

Ⅲ. over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时,与across通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳(飞)越,但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用across.

①She went across / over the bridge.

②He jumped across / over the stream他跳过了小溪。

③She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。

④They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。

另外,over作介词还有“翻过……”的意思,如:climb the mountain 翻过那座山。

§11affair/matter/business

Ⅰ. affair “事、事情、事务”它的涵义最广,可指已经发生或必须做的任何事情,也可泛指事务(通常用算数,指重大或头绪较多的事务)。如:

①The railway accident was a terrible affair. 那次火车事故是件可怕的事。

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②That?s my affair, not yours. 那是我的事,不是你的。

③We should concern ourselves with state affairs. 我们要关心国家大事。Ⅱ. matter“事、事情”是普通用语,常指我们所写到或谈到的事情,要考虑和处理的事情。如:

①This is a matter I know little about. 这件事我不大知道。

②I?ll ask some one about the matter.关于这件事我将去问问人。

③There are several matters to be considered. 有几件事情要考虑。

[注]:在口语中,be the matter相当于be wrong, 表发生了失常的事或出了毛病等意思。如:

①What?s the matter?怎么啦?

②What?s the matter with you? 你怎么啦?

Ⅲ. business“生意、商业”产普通用语。它表“事情、事务”时,往往指一种任务、责任或必须去做的事。此外,它有时还含有轻蔑的意味。如:

①We don?t do much business with them. 我们跟他们没有多少生意来往。

②It is a teacher?s business to help his pupils. 帮助学生是教师的责任。

③He made it his business to fetch water for a granny. 他把为一位老大娘挑水

当作自己的事。

④It?s not your business.这不是你的事。

[注]:这三个词有时可通用,但不能任意替换。如:

Mind your own business.少管闲事。这里的business可用affairs替换,但不能用matters.

§12afraid/ fear/ frightened

Ⅰ. afraid “害怕”是形容词,只能作表语,而不能作定语,后接of 短语或不定式,构成be afraid of sb. 和be afraid to do sth

①She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。

②The little girl is afraid to go out at night.

afraid +that clause “恐怕”,是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。如:①I?m afraid (that)I can?t go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去

参加聚会了。我弟弟病了。

Ⅱ. fear “害怕”是动词,与be afraid 往往通用,但不如它常用(特别是在口语中)。如:

①We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。

②He feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。

③Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉,我

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走去看他。

Ⅲ. frightened adj “受惊吓的、害怕的”可做表语,也可作定语。如:

①She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能动弹。

② A frightened girl is crying. 一个受惊的女孩正在哭。

§13 feel like / would like

Ⅰ.feel like 与would like 意思很相近,但feel like 后面常跟名词;动名词。构成:feel like (doing) sth. 而would like 一般接名词;动词不定式。构成:would like (to do) sth.的句式。如:

①I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。

②Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要

散步?

③I don?t feel like eating.我不想吃东西。

Ⅱ.feel like 还表示:“觉得好像,摸起来像”。如:

①It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。

§14. after/behind“在……之后”

Ⅰ. after “在……(时间)之后”;

“在……(地点)之后”,指次序。如:

①He came after ten o?clock. 他十点以后来的。

②Two days afte r his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后,我拜访了

他。

③…Against?comes after…again?in this cictionary.在这本字典中…against?排

在…again?之后。

Ⅱ. behind 表地点时意为:在……后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间,表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思。

①The garden is behind the house.

②He stood behind me.

③The train was behind time. 火车误点了。

④You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。

§15. ago/before

Ⅰ. ago adv.“……以前”指从此刻起,若干时间以前,通常与过去连用。如:①It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。

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②I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。

Ⅱ. before adv, prep & conj “……以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可用作前置词或连接词表时间,而ago 则不能这样用。

①He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她。(表从

她说话那时起两天前)

②I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好。

③I?ve seen that film before.

④I never met him before.

§16. agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on)

Ⅰ. agree to “同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情(我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情)。如:

①Do you agree to this plan?

②He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提议。

③I agreed to his terms. 我同意了他的条件。

Ⅱ. agree with “同意、赞同”常常表示同某人意见一致,也可表赞同某件事情。还有“(气候、食物等)适合”之意。如:

①I quite agree with you.我很同意你。

②Do you agree with me ?

③I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的。

④His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。

⑤Too much meat doesn?t agree with her. 吃太多肉对她身体不合适。[注]:agree with 不能用于被动语态。

Ⅲ. agree on /upon “对……取得一致意见”指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议。如:

①After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论,双方就停

火问题达成了协议。

②They all agree on the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。

[注]:此句型可转换成agree in doing sth.如:

①All of them agreed on / upon it. = All of them agreed in doing it. 他们对做这个问题达成了共识。

§17 at times / at all times / all the time

Ⅰ. at times “不时;偶尔”如:

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①The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高。

②I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。Ⅱ. at all times.“随时;任何时候;总是”如:

He has a cool head at all times.他随时都有清醒的头脑。

Ⅲ. all the time “一直;始终”其中time用单数形式。如:

The baby cries all the time.那婴儿一直哭。

§18. aim/ purpose/ object

Ⅰ. aim “目的”指抱有一种明确的目的,并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力。如:

①What?s your aim in life?你的人生目的是什么?

②The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism.党的最终目的

是实现共产主义。

Ⅱ. purpose “目的”指心中有打算,并意味着对所作的打算有较大的决心。如:

①It was done with a definite purpose. 做这件事具有一个明确的目的。

②For what purpose (purposes)do you want to go to Canada? 你要去加拿大

的目的何在?

Ⅲ. object “目的”含有比较具体的意味。往往指在我们的行为中,需要或希望直接达到的目的。如:

①The object of my visit is to consult you. 我访问的目的是来和你商量。

②What is your object in studying English? 你学英文的目的何在?

[注]:以上这几个词的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,常被毫无区别地使用着。

§19. alive/ living/ the living/ live/ dead

Ⅰ. alive adj“活着的”“在世的”,它既可修饰人也可修饰物。可作表语,定语。作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词之后。如:

①They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并跟以前一样快活。

②All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive.

所有的同志都还活着亡了,他是唯一的幸存者。

Ⅱ.living adj,“活着的”主要用着定语,常置于名词前,有时也可置于名词后。也可作表语。如:

①Every living person has a name. 每个活着的人都有一个名字。

②No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好。

Ⅲ. the living “活着的人”如:

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The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要。

Ⅳ. live adj. “活着的”读着[laiv],反义词为dead, 可作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前,一般不用来修饰人。还可以作动词,读着[liv], 意为“生活”、“生存”如:

①The cat was playing with a live mouse. 这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。

②Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China. 熊猫通常生活在

中国的南部和东南部。

Ⅴ. lively adj. […laivli](livelier, liveliest) “生动的”;“活泼的”;“充满生气的”用作表语或定语,可用来修饰人或物。如:

The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类比赛,呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。

§20. all/ every

Ⅰ. all 和every 意思十分相近,二者都可用来泛指人或物。但all可与算数的名词连用,而every只能与单数的名词连用。如:

①All Mondays are horrible. 星期一总是可怕的。

②Every Monday is horrible. 每个星期一都是可怕的。

Ⅱ. all 和every 也可用来指某一类东西中的个体。但all后跟the 或其它“限定词”,而every后却不能。它往往强调无一例外的意思。

--She is eaten all the biscuits[…biskit]. –What, every one? –Every single one! 她把饼干都吃光了。怎么,把每一块都吃光了吗?每一块全都吃了!

Ⅲ. all还可和单数名词连用,表示every past of 而every却不能有此义。如:She was here all day. 她在这呆了一整天。

§21. all/ whole

Ⅰ. 二者意义(“全部、都、整个”)相同,然而词序不同。

Ⅱ. all用于冠词,所有格或其它“限定词”之前。

whole 则用于冠词之后。如:

①all the time. ────→the whole time.全部时间

②all my life ────→the whole life.我的一生

③all this confusion ─→this whole confusion.整个混乱状况。

Ⅲ. 如果没有冠词,或其它限定词,whole不能与单数名词连用。可以说:

①The whole city was burning.但不能说:

②Whole London was burning.

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Ⅳ.whole 和all 与复数名词连用时意思不同。Whole 的意思为“全部”,而all的意思则近乎“每一个”如:

①All Indian tribes([traib]部首) suffered from white settlement in America. 所

有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭殃。

②Whole Indian tribes were killed off. 有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了。Ⅴ. whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词(包括物质名词)

①可以说:all the money 或all the wine

②不可以说:the whole money 或the whole wine.

③The whole of = whole 与单数名词连用。它用于冠词、所有格之前。

the whole of the time.

the whole of my life

the whole of this confusion

§22allow/ permit/ let/ promise

Ⅰ. allow“允许、许可”,一般指听任,或默许某人去做什么,含有消极地不反对的意味。如:

①We allowed him to depart.我们允许他离去。

②Who allowed you to leave the camp?谁允许你离开营地的?

③I can?t allow you to do that.我不能允许你做那件事。

allow 也可表客气的请求。如

①Will you allow me to use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?

Ⅱ. permit “允许、许可”但是正式地许可,含有比较积极地同意某人去做什么的意味。如:

①I will permit him to do so. 我准备同意他这样做。

②The sentinel permitted the strangers to pass when they had given the

countersign.当这群陌生人说出口令后,哨兵就允许他们通过了。[注]:allow 与permit 的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,它们常常被通用着。如:

①Smoking is not allowed here.此处禁止吸烟。

②Smoking is not permitted in this theatre. 本戏院里禁止吸烟

Ⅲ. let.“允许、让”它可以指积极地允许,但更多的是着重指不予反对和阻止其后所跟的宾语要接不带to 的不定式用以表示客气的请求时,可与allow 通用。且更具有口语色彩。如:

①Her father will not let her go.她父亲不会让她去。

②Don?t let this happen again. 不要让这种事发生了。

初中英语词汇辨析的分类汇编含答案

一、选择题 1.—Billy, you are very confident all the time, how do you make it? —I think confidence is more than just an attitude, it comes from a strong ________ to take responsibility rather than just let life happen. A.present B.care C.promise D.protect 2.We’d better finish our work ________ one go. Don’t put it off till next time. A.in B.to C.on D.for 3.Many people think Erquan rngyue is too sad, _____________ it's my favorite. A.and B.so C.or D.but 4.That path ________ directly to my house.You won't miss it. A.leads B.forms C.repairs D.controls 5.— Sorry, I can't afford to go abroad. — What about having a country travel with a little________ price? A.cheaper B.higher C.lower D.less 6.When you are________, you should listen to music to cheer you up. A.shy B.afraid C.strict D.down 7.Wang Dong didn't go to school yesterday ________ he was ill. A.so B.if C.because 8.He ________all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. A.requested B.attacked C.protected D.ignored 9.The next Olympic Games will be held in Japan________ 27th July 2020. A.on B.in C.at D.of 10.— Is your home close to the school, Tom? — No, it's a long way, but I am________ late for school because I get up early daily. A.always B.usually C.never D.sometimes 11.Is this a photo of your son? He looks________ in the blue T-shirt. A.lovely B.quietly C.beautiful D.happily 12.Remember to return the book to the school library in time, ________ you will be fined(罚款). A.or B.and C.but D.so 13.—Hardly any people believe that a(n) ________ meeting will lead to a lasting love. —I agree. A.familiar B.distant C.accidental D.present 14.—Do you like English? —Yes, I think it is difficult ________ interesting. A.and B.but C.because 15.Your advice is very________to me. I’m sure our activity will be more meaningful. A.terrible B.comfortable C.impossible D.valuable

《中考英语》初中英语词汇辨析的全集汇编含答案

一、选择题 1.—What do you think of the performance today? —Great! ________ but a musical genius could perform so successfully. A.All B.None C.Anybody D.Everybody 2.My email ________ to you last night. Have you received it ________? A.sent; too B.is sent; already C.was sent; yet D.was sent; either 3.In modern life, shopping online is________ used by many people, especially for teenagers. A.exactly B.badly C.heavily D.widely 4.That path ________ directly to my house.You won't miss it. A.leads B.forms C.repairs D.controls 5.— Can you tell us about our new teacher? —Oh, I’m sorry. I know________ about him because I haven’t seen him before. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 6.People who always do sports are in spirits than those who don't. A.high B.higher C.tall D.taller 7.You should be careful to pay over the Internet, ________it’s not always safe. A.so B.because C.after D.as soon as 8.Danny looks sad. How I________ telling him the bad news! A.remember B.regret C.refuse 9.World Book Day takes place ________ April 23rd every year. A.at B.in C.on 10.Wang Dong didn't go to school yesterday ________ he was ill. A.so B.if C.because 11.Kangkang gets up early every day and he is ________ late for school. A.sometimes B.often C.never D.usually 12.Remember to return the book to the school library in time, ________ you will be fined(罚款). A.or B.and C.but D.so 13.—Do you know what the meeting is about? —Yes, of course. It will ________ some important rules we need to know about our new senior high school. A.talk B.achieve C.memorize D.cover 14.—Do you like English? —Yes, I think it is difficult ________ interesting. A.and B.but C.because 15.—Billy, you are very confident all the time, how do you make it? —I think confidence is more than just an attitude, it comes from a strong ________ to take

初中英语词汇大全

I. 单词 (凡带* 号的单词只要求理解,带△号的单词不要求记住,不带任何符号的单词均为大纲要求的词。) ability [K bIlKtI] n.能力8A – 1 about [K'baUt] prep.关于7S – 8 adv.大约7S – 10 above [K bOv] prep.在……的上方7B – 1 △absorb [Kb'sMb] vt.吸收9B – 2 accident [GksIdKnt] n.事故,意外的事8A – 6 *ache [eIk] n.痛;疼7A – 5 achieve [K Qi:v] vt.获得9A – 3 △achievement [K Qi:vmKnt] n.成就;成绩;成功9A – 5 across [K krJs] prep.穿过……7B – 3 act [Gkt] vi.表演7B – 5 action [GkBn] n.行动8A – 4 active [GktIv] adj.积极的9A – 1 activity [Gk'tIvKtI] n.活动8A – 1 actor [GktK] n.男演员8B – 4 actress [GktrKs] n.女演员9A – 5 actually [GkQUKlI] adv.实际上8B – 1 add [Gd] vt.补充说;增加9A – 6 address [K'dres] n.地址5A – 6B △adjective [GPIktIv] n.形容词8B – 2 admire [Kd maIK(r)] vt.钦佩,羡慕8A – 2 *adult [GdOlt; K dOlt] n.成人,成年人7A – 2 *advantage [Kd'vCntIP] n.优势,优点,有利条件9B – 1 △adverb [GdvD:b] n.副词8A – 5 *advertise [GdvKtaIz] vt. & vi.做广告,登广告8B – 4 advertisement [Kd vD:tIsmKnt] n.广告8A – 1 advice [Kd vaIs] n.建议;忠告,劝告8A – 1 advise [Kd vaIz] vt.建议,劝告8A – 6 affect [K fekt] vt.影响8B – 5 afraid [K freId] adj.担心,恐怕;害怕7B – 1 after [CftK(r)] prep.在……之后7S – 10 △after-school [CftKsku:l]adj.课外的7A – 2 afterwards [CftKwKdz] adv.后来,以后7A – 6 again [K'en; K'eIn] adv.又,再次7S – 4 △agency [eIPKnsI] n.代理机构8B – 4 △agent [eIPKnt] n.代理人8B – 2

初中英语重点词汇辨析

1 accept/receive Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。 ①I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。 ②We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。 Ⅱ. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如: ①I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。 ②He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来。 ③He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。 [注] 在表示接待、接见时,通常用receive, 而不用accept. 如:We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。 2 before long/ long before Ⅰ. before long. “不久”,“不久以后” Ⅱ. long before “很早以前”,“好久以前”如: ①I hope to see you again before long. 我希望不久以后再见到你。 ②We finished our work long before.我们早就把工作做完了 3 care (about) / take care of/ care for Ⅰ.take care of“照料=look after,即指喂饭照看等。如: ①Nurses take care of patients in hospital. [注]:它还可表所负的责任,如: ①Mr Savage takes care of marketing and publicity. 萨维奇先生负责销售和宣传。 Ⅱ.care about表你是否认为某件事是重要的,某件事是否引起了你的兴趣或使你忧虑,常用于疑问句或否定句中,后接从句时,about一般都要省略。如: I don’t care whether it rains, I’m happy. 我才不在乎下不下雨呢,我快活着呢。 Ⅲ.care for 有以下几种意思 1)“照料”(特别是多用在正式的或较文的文体中)如: She spent the best years of her life caring for her sick father. 她把一生中最好的岁月都用来照料她那有病的父亲了。 2)“关怀”“关心”如:care for the younger generation 关怀年轻的一代 3)“喜欢、愿意”(多用在疑问句或否定句中)[care for sb. to do sth.] 如: ①Would you care for a cup of tea? 你喜欢喝一杯茶吗? ②I don’t/shouldn’t care for him to read this letter. 我不愿让他看这封信 4 cost/ spend/ pay/ take Ⅰ.cost 指某东西“值……钱”;“需要花费……钱/ 精力”等,它的主语一般为表示东西的名词,不能为表示人的名词,作及物动词和名词。可接双宾语,无被动语态。如: ①I’ll bet that dress cost a thousand dollars.我敢说那件衣服得花1000美元。 ②The chair cost me thirty yuan.这把椅子花了我30元。 ③The building of the dam cost many lives. 修建这个水坝使许多人丧生。(使花(某种代价); 使损失) ④Bad driving may cost you your life.开车技术不行可能使你丢掉性命。 ⑤作名词时意为“花费;成本”→The cost of the house was too high for me.这房子的价钱太 高,我买不起。 [常用搭配]: ①at all costs 不惜一切代价,—→The officer told the soldiers that they must defend the town at all costs.军官对士兵们说要不惜一切代价保卫这座城市。 ②at the cost of 以……为代价。 →1). He finished the work at the cost of his health. 他完成了这项工作,但失去了健康。 →2). She saved him from fire, but at the cost of her own life. 她从火中把他救出,但她自己却牺牲了。 ③cost of living 生活费用。 —→As the cost of living goes up my standard of living goes down. 生活费用越上涨,我的生活水准越降低。

初中英语中考必考重点词语辨析汇总

初中英语中考必考重点词语辨析汇总 1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思。 after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中。 如: She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的。 in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中。 如: She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走。 2. how long, how often, how soon how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。 如: How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了? how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如

once a week等)提问。 如: —How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次? how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。 如: How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来? 3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”; 而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”。 few 和a few修饰可数名词;little 和a little 修饰不可数名词。 several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思。 some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或a little,有时指更多一些的数量。 4. the other, another the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指。

初中英语单词分类大全(打印版)

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初中英语常用词语辨析-模板

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初中英语词语辨析

初中英语词语辨析 (一) 1、afraid of doing sth& afraid to do sth. & be afraid to do sth. be afraid of sth.的意思是:害怕某物 be afraid of doing sth.是担心做某事后出现某种后果 be afraid to do sth.是害怕做某事。 Are you afraid of snakes? 你怕蛇吗? I am afraid of falling behind the others. 我怕拉到别人的后面。 She was afraid to stay at home alone. 她害怕肚子呆在家。 2. a few, few , little, a little, several, some few和little的意思是否定的,表示很少或几乎没有; a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示有一些,有一点 few和a few用于修饰可数名词; little和a little用于修饰不可数名词。 There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 There is little water in the glass, so you can…t drink any.杯子里几乎没有水了,你不可能喝到水了。 several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few,some更肯定,含有有几个的意思some可用于修饰可数名词也可用于修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few或a little,或更多些。 3. ago/ before/ after/in ago 只用于一般过去时,表示从现在算起的一段时间以前。 He died two years ago.他是两年前去世的。 before 后接―时间点,可用于任何时态;它也可放在时间段后,用于完成时或一般过去时态。I got there before 5 o?clock.我五点钟前到达那里。 I never saw him before.我以前没见过他。 He had done it two days before.他两天前就做过此事。 4. after,in这两个介词都可以表示一般时间以后。其区别是: after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子。 She went after three days。她是三天以后走的。 In以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。 She will go three days。她三天以后去那儿。 5. already/ yet/still already 意为”已经”,常用于肯定句,多与完成时和进行时连用。用于疑问句时表示问话人持怀疑、惊异的态度。 Is it Sunday already?已经到星期天啦? I have already finished it.我已经做完了。 yet 通常用于疑问句和否定句,在疑问句中作表“已经”,在否定句中表“还”。

初中英语单词分类大全(打印版)

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(8)交通工具(transport) bike / bicycle(自行车) bus(公共汽车) car(小汽车) jeep(吉普车) train(火车) ship(轮船) plane(飞机) (9)饮食(meal) breakfast(早餐) lunch(午餐) supper(晚餐) dinner(正餐、晚餐) snack(快餐) picnic(野餐) (10)米面及肉类食品 rice(米、米饭) porridge(粥) dumpling(饺子) noodle【常用复数】(面条) meat(肉) beef(牛肉) mutton(羊肉) chicken(鸡肉) egg(鸡蛋)(11)水果(fruit) Apple(苹果) banana(香蕉) pear(梨子) orange(橙子) strawberry(草莓) (12)蔬菜(vegetable) tomato(西红柿) potato(马铃薯) carrot(胡萝卜) cabbage(洋白菜、卷心菜) onion(洋葱)

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关于这一点,她什么也没有对我讲。 *speak 当及物动词用时,宾语一般是语言或词语之类的词。如: does anyone speak english here? 这儿有人会说英语吗? 2、good well nice good 形容词,好的,合适的,新鲜的,擅长的。 well 作形容词时,指"(身体)健康的”;还可用作副词,修饰动词。nice形容词,美好的,令人愉快的,可爱的,特指取悦感官的事物。she is good at english.她擅长英语。 this cake tastes good.这蛋糕好吃。 his mother is very well.他妈妈很健康。 she is a nice little girl.她是个可爱的小姑娘。 3、look see watch read 看 look通常为不及物动词,强调“看”的动作,指“认真看”,强调看的对象时,后须接介词at才能带宾语,即look at。 see是及物动词侧重于看的结果“看见,看到” watch 作动词,意为“观看,注视”,多指观看运动着的事物,如电视、比赛、表演等。 read 主要强调“读,阅读,朗读”,汉语中常译成“看”,多指看书、报、杂志。 look!the man is coming!看!那个男的来了。 look at the map .看这张地图。 can you see the dog over there?你能看见那儿的狗吗?

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