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2018初中英语常用词组辨析(30组)

2018初中英语常用词组辨析(30组)
2018初中英语常用词组辨析(30组)

2018初中英语常用词组辨析(30组)

1、Look和See

都是“看”的意思。look是不及物动词,一般单独使用,look at是及物动词,后可接所看的事物,东西,see也是及物动词,后可接所看的人,电影等。如: a. look一词单独用时,表示“看!”,通常要放在句首。如:Look! There is a monkey in the tree. 看!树上有一只猴子。

b. look at表示要看具体的内容,如人或物。如:Don’t look at me. Look at the blackboa rd, please. 不要看我,请看黑板。

c. see表示看的结果,即“看到;看见”。如:Can you see the words on the blackboard? 你能看见黑板上的字吗?see也用于“看电影”这个词组中,即:see

a film

2、Spend take pay

pay 的主语必须是人: (sb) pay money for sth. / pay sb.for sth.;

spend的主语必须是人: (sb.) spend money/...for/on sth./ in doing sth. 在......方面花钱或精力; take 表示做某事花费多少时间, 其主语一般是一件事; 有时也可以是人: It takes/ took sb. some time to do sth. 强调完成动作所花费的时间。

①It takes sb. some time to do sth.

It took him half an hour to finish his homework. 他花了半个小时完成家庭作业。

②sb. spends some time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.

I spent thirty yuan on this book. 我三十元买了这本书。

She spent ten minutes (in) getting there. 她10分钟到达那儿。

③sb. pays (some money) for sth.

He paid a lot of money for the building. 他买房子花了许多钱。

表“花费”的动词中,还有一个,即cost:

cost 的主语必须是物或事: (sth.) cost(s) sb. money/life/health/time...;

This coat cost me eighty yuan. 这件上衣花了我80元。

3、on in at

1.at 介词at表时间、表地点。

(1)at表示时间,用于钟点前,用于时刻前,译为"在......时(刻)"。如:at three/three o'clock 在三点。at a quarter to six 六点差一刻。at noon 在中午,at night 在夜晚,at midnight 在半夜at breakfast/lunch/supper 在吃早饭/午饭/晚饭时at this time of day 在每天这个时候

(2)at表示地点,一般用于较小的地名(方)前,译为" 在......"。如:

at home 在家,at the station 在车站(3)at表示处于......状态,译为"从事于......"。如:

at school 在上学,at work 在工作

【相关链接】at加名词一般可与现在进行时态互换使用,表示正在进行的动作,试比较:They are at work./They are working.

2.in

小小介词in,用途却很多。可表时间,表地点,表手段、方法、材料。

(1)in表示时间,用于泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等;用于某个较长的时间,如年、月、季节等。如:in the morning/afternoon/evening在上(下午)或晚上,in 2003在2003年,in the day/daytime在白天【相关链接】in还可以表示"从现在起一段时间以后"。如:They will see you in a week.他们将在一周后去看你。另外,in和at都可以表示时间,但in表示较长的时间,而at 表示时间的某一点。例如:He got up late in the morning and had a meal at noon.他早上起得晚,所以只吃午餐。(2)in表示地点、场所,译为"在......里"、" 在......中"。如:in the factory 在工厂,in the room 在房间里,in the sun 在阳光下,in the middle of...在......的中央

【相关链接】in和at都可表示地点,而in表示的地点比at所表示的地点大。

(3)in表示用语言,用......材料。译为" 用......,以......方式"。如:in English用英语,in ink 用墨水(4)in表示穿戴的状态,译为"戴着、穿着"。如:in the white shirt穿着白色的衬衫,in the cap戴着帽子【相关链接】in表示"穿(戴)着"是介词,指状态,同wear 一样。in后接表示服装类的名词或表示颜色的词。如:Kate is in a red skirt./Kate wears a red skirt.凯特穿着红裙子。3.on介词on表示时间、地点、方位等。(1)on表示时间,用于星期、日期(包括

该天的各部分)。如:on Sunday/Sundays,on Monday morning/afternoon/evening等。on也用于某一日的名词前,用于公共节假日前。如:On New Year's Day 在元旦,on Children's Day 在儿童节等。(2)on表示地点、位置,有"在......旁"、"接近"、"靠近"之意。如: a house on the main road 临大街的房子,sit on my right 坐在我的右边(3)on表示状态,译为"处于......情况中,从事于......"等。如:on duty 值日,on holiday 度假(4)on表示"在......上面",用在表示物体的名词前。如:on the box 在盒子上【相关链接】on和over都是介词,on表示"在...... 上面",指一物体与另一物体表面相接触;over表示"在......上方",指一物体与另一物体不接触。试比较:There is a light on the desk.桌子上有盏台灯。(light与desk 接触)There is a light over the desk.桌子上方有一盏灯。(light与desk不接触)

【特别提示】表示"在......上",介词on与in必须注意习惯用法,否则会出错。不妨比较一番:on the tree/in the tree都译为"......在树上"。前者表示树上本身所长着的叶子、花、果实等;后者表示某物或某人在树上。

on the wall/in the wall都译为"在墙上"。由于介词不同,在使用上有区别。图画、黑板、风筝等"在墙上",是因为它们在墙的表面上,故用on the wall;门窗、钉子、洞、孔等"在墙上",是因为它们在墙的里面,故用in the wall。

4、clothes和clothing

clothes泛指服装,包括上、下装,内、外衣

clothing 是衣着的总称,无复数形式,如:man''s clothing

5、 a bit与a little

a bit和 a little都有“一点、少许”之意。两者用作名词时,不能直接跟名词或代词,而必须用介of连接。如:There’s a little (=bit of) time left. 还剩一点儿时间。She knows a bit (=little) of English. 她懂一点儿英语。a bit 和a little也可用作副词,后面跟形容词或副词。如:The jacket is a bit (=little) large. 这件夹克有点大。That’s a bit expensive. Can I try them on, please?He ran a little faster than me. 他跑得比我快一点。little还可用作形容词,表示“小的”、“几乎没有”。如: a little girl(一个小姑娘)、a little water(有一点水)注意:not a little 和not a bit的意思完全不同,前者是“许多、很”,后者是“一点儿也不”、“毫不”。试对比:It’s not a bit cold. 天一点儿也不冷。It’s not a little cold. 天很冷。

6、everyday和every day

Everyday是形容词,意思是“日常用的”;every day“每天”是句词短语作状语。例如:

ou must pay attention to your____English.A.every day’s B.everyday C.everyday’s D.every day

7、have to和must

首先,两者都可译为“应该”或“必须”,都是情态助动词,这是它们的共同之处;但在用法上有以下重要区别:

⑴have to表示客观条件决定不得不做某事语气较弱;must表示说话人主观的看法,语气较强。例如:Do I have to say the words? 我必须说这些话吗?You must work hard at English. 你必须努力学习英语。⑵must 只有一种形式,而have to有人称、数和时态的形式变化。例如:She has to go to school earlier. 她应当早一点儿上学。(一般现在时,单数第三人称) I''ll have to write to him this evening. 今晚我必须给他写信。(一般将来时)

He had to look after his sister yesterday.

8、question和problem

problem与question都作"问题"解,但problem的问题,亦即"难题"需要著于解决;question的问题则需要"回答";problem通常与动词pose,present(作"构成"解),solve,tackle,settle(作"解决"解)等连用;question常与动词answer,ask,raise等连用。例如:What''s the problem?到底是什么问题。(或你们在争论什么?)What''s the question? 你问的是什么问题?

9、near beside

near表示相对的“近”,实际距离可能还很远。例如:Suzhou is near Shanghai.

There is a post office near our school.beside表示“靠近”,实际距离不可能很远,例如:He was sitting beside her.

10、past pass

pass,past这两个词不是同义词,也不是近义词,但初学者容易用错。pass是动词,而past 是介词,有时用作形容词或名词。当pass用作动词和past用作介词时,它们都有“过去”

和“经过”的意思,这里主要讨论它们这种含义上的用法差别。Three months passed and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door.三个月过去了,后来有一天上午,山姆在自己前门的外面发现了自己的钱包。After they passed the forest, they came to a river. 他们穿过那个树林后,便来到一条河边。I go past the post-office every day.我每天都从邮局经过。It's two minutes past twelve. 现在是十二点过两分。注:past用作形容词,是“过去的”意思,用作名词是“过去”的意思The past year was full of troubles. 过去的一年充满着困难。We knew nothing of his past.关于他的过去情况我们一无所知。

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1 accept/receive Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。 ①I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。 ②We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。 Ⅱ. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如: ①I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。 ②He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来。 ③He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。 [注] 在表示接待、接见时,通常用receive, 而不用accept. 如:We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。 2 before long/ long before Ⅰ. before long. “不久”,“不久以后” Ⅱ. long before “很早以前”,“好久以前”如: ①I hope to see you again before long. 我希望不久以后再见到你。 ②We finished our work long before.我们早就把工作做完了 3 care (about) / take care of/ care for Ⅰ.take care of“照料=look after,即指喂饭照看等。如: ①Nurses take care of patients in hospital. [注]:它还可表所负的责任,如: ①Mr Savage takes care of marketing and publicity. 萨维奇先生负责销售和宣传。 Ⅱ.care about表你是否认为某件事是重要的,某件事是否引起了你的兴趣或使你忧虑,常用于疑问句或否定句中,后接从句时,about一般都要省略。如: I don’t care whether it rains, I’m happy. 我才不在乎下不下雨呢,我快活着呢。 Ⅲ.care for 有以下几种意思 1)“照料”(特别是多用在正式的或较文的文体中)如: She spent the best years of her life caring for her sick father. 她把一生中最好的岁月都用来照料她那有病的父亲了。 2)“关怀”“关心”如:care for the younger generation 关怀年轻的一代 3)“喜欢、愿意”(多用在疑问句或否定句中)[care for sb. to do sth.] 如: ①Would you care for a cup of tea? 你喜欢喝一杯茶吗? ②I don’t/shouldn’t care for him to read this letter. 我不愿让他看这封信 4 cost/ spend/ pay/ take Ⅰ.cost 指某东西“值……钱”;“需要花费……钱/ 精力”等,它的主语一般为表示东西的名词,不能为表示人的名词,作及物动词和名词。可接双宾语,无被动语态。如: ①I’ll bet that dress cost a thousand dollars.我敢说那件衣服得花1000美元。 ②The chair cost me thirty yuan.这把椅子花了我30元。 ③The building of the dam cost many lives. 修建这个水坝使许多人丧生。(使花(某种代价); 使损失) ④Bad driving may cost you your life.开车技术不行可能使你丢掉性命。 ⑤作名词时意为“花费;成本”→The cost of the house was too high for me.这房子的价钱太 高,我买不起。 [常用搭配]: ①at all costs 不惜一切代价,—→The officer told the soldiers that they must defend the town at all costs.军官对士兵们说要不惜一切代价保卫这座城市。 ②at the cost of 以……为代价。 →1). He finished the work at the cost of his health. 他完成了这项工作,但失去了健康。 →2). She saved him from fire, but at the cost of her own life. 她从火中把他救出,但她自己却牺牲了。 ③cost of living 生活费用。 —→As the cost of living goes up my standard of living goes down. 生活费用越上涨,我的生活水准越降低。

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初中英语中考必考重点词语辨析汇总 1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思。 after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中。 如: She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的。 in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中。 如: She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走。 2. how long, how often, how soon how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。 如: How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了? how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如

once a week等)提问。 如: —How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次? how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。 如: How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来? 3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”; 而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”。 few 和a few修饰可数名词;little 和a little 修饰不可数名词。 several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思。 some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或a little,有时指更多一些的数量。 4. the other, another the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指。

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