非谓语动词讲义 2023届高考英语二轮复习

非谓语动词

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。

一、不定式的定义及用法(to do)

1.做主语

动词不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，常用结构为：It + be + adj. (+for sb. / of sb) + to do sth.; It + takes/took + sb. + some time + to do sth

1) It took us four hours to finish the work.

2) It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops.

3) It is bad for us to become addicted to cigerattes.

注意：形式主语结构中如果使用表示人的品质的形容词，如kind, nice, clever等时，应当使用of sb.的结构。

It is very nice of you to help me with the project.

2.做宾语

(1)有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语

need to do sth需要做...

decide to do sth决定做...

agree to do sth赞同做...

aim to do sth目的在于做...

attempt to do sth试图做..

tend to do sth倾向于做...

pretend to do sth假装做...

refuse to do sth拒绝做...

expect to do sth期待做...

还有determine, fail, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, seem, hope, wish等等；

I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.

I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated.

When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it.

(2)有些复合结构中，可用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——不定式后置

句型结构为：主语+ make, find, feel, believe, consider, think + it +adj/n. + to do sth.

I believe it useless to agree with him.

I feel it my duty to help others.

I consider it important to keep learning.

I think it interesting to surf the Internet.

(3)“疑问词（how，when，where，what，who）+不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语Tom taught me how to play football.

Have you decided where to have the meeting？

I do not know what to do next.

I do not know whom to ask about it.

Will you please tell me which bus to take？

I doubt whether to buy a new watch.

“疑问词+不定式”结构常用作下列动词的宾语：advise，decide，discuss，explain，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder，doubt

3.做宾语补足语

(1)动词+ 宾语+ 带to的动词不定式

有这种用法的动词有：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, intend, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn等。

She asked me to stay there.

He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸）about themselves.

My mother keeps telling me to go out with my school friends.

(2)动词短语+ 宾语+ 带to的动词不定式

有这种用法的动词短语有：arrange for, ask for, call on, count on, depend on, long for, rely on, wait for等。

I’m waiting for you to reply.

She asks for teachers to help her.

We call on all people to protect environment.

(3)表示见解、看法的动词+ 宾语+ 带to的动词不定式

有这种用法的动词有：

believe, consider, declare, discover, feel, find, imagine, judge, suppose,think, understand等。We found the rumor to be true. 我们发现这个传闻是真的。

注意：感官动词和使役动词+ 宾语+ 不带to的不定式

(1)有这种用法的感官动词有：see, notice, watch, look at, observe, hear, listen to, feel 等

I like to listen to the birds sing when I get up early in the morning.

I saw the boys play basketball in the playground just now.

(2)有这种用法的使役动词有：make, have, let 等

Don’t make the children do such heavy work.

Let’s go and play.

4.做状语

（1）做目的状语

After school, I try to use any possible time to revise the things I have learnt during the day.

He studies hard to enter a great university.

I go on the Internet to search for more information.

To find out more information about it, visit this website.

（2）做结果状语

不定式短语表示结果时，常与only 连用，暗示一种意外的结果

Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.

Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.

5.做后置定语

The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.

I just got off work. I’m about to get something to eat.

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit.

后接不定式作定语的名词

(1)由可跟不定式作宾语的动词派生或转化而来的抽象名词：attempt，claim，decision，desire，determination，failure，hope，intention，need，plan，promise，refusal，resolution，tendency，treat，wish

(2)由可跟不定式作状语的形容词派生或转化而来的名词：ability，ambition，anxiety，curiosity，eagerness，impatience，patience，reluctance，willingness

(3)后接不定式说明其内容的名词：campaign，chance，courage，effort，evidence，fight，means，measure，move，movement，opportunity，position，power，reason，right，skill，struggle，strength，time，way

练习

1．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）The book has inspired Nina _______________ ( spend) the next year trying to become her own biggest fan and writing about the thirty things that she is truly proud about herself.

2．（2022·甘肃兰州·一模）China’s accumulated experience in reducing food loss and waste is being shared with the world. This knowledge will help many countries improve their

ability_______________ (reduce) food loss and ensure food security, experts and officials said. 3．（2022·福建省福州三模）______________ (satisfy) the diverse tastes of today’s youth, sellers are putting fancy decorations on this ancient costume. But others said clothing with fancy and modern decorations can’t be seen as hanfu at all.

4. (2022·广东梅州·一模）Somehow I forced my finger ______________ (press) the button. 5．（2022·河南新乡·二模）The first creature _______________ (orbit) our planet was just 2 years old. Her name was Laika. She was a good dog.

6．(2020年浙江卷1月)The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected__________________(increase) to 42 by 2050.

7. (2020年北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years__________________(break) down.

8. (2021年北京卷)Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ______________ (invest) in disaster prevention.

9. (2021全国乙卷)Accommodations aim __________________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.

10．（2022年全国乙卷）_____________(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, _________(invite)twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 11．（2022年全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step _____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.

12. (2022年全新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number

of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant

pandas under one authority ____________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

13．A pitcher needs to throw the ball with one hand and _____________ (wear) a baseball glove on the other—something that Jim couldn’t do.

14. —I hope to take the computer course.

—Good idea. ________ (find out) more about it, visit this website.

15.He is thought ________(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.

16.The boy pretended__________________(finish) his homework.

17.We mustn’t pretend__________________(know) what we don’t know.

18.With a lot of difficult problems___________，he can't get home early. (settle)

19.The road is covered with some fallen tress and they need _______________(remove) immediately.

20.It is impossible___________(persuade) Peter to change his mind.

答案：1. to spend 2. to reduce 3. To satisfy 4. to press 5. to orbit 6. to increase 7. to break 8. to invest 9. to have 10. To strengthen; inviting 11. to journey 12. to increase 13. to wear 14. To find out 15. to act 16. to finish 17. to know 18. to settle 19. to be removed 20. to persuade

二、动名词

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

1、动名词的形式：

Seeing is believing. （一般式）

He came to the party without being invited.（被动式）

We remembered having seen the film. （完成式）

He forgot having been taken to a strange village when he was five years old.（完成被动式）

I regret not following his advice. （否定式）

2、动名词的句法功能：

(1)作主语：

① 动名词可以位于句首，用作主语，表示一般的概念，强调习惯性的动作。

Collecting stamps is my hobby.

Talking mends no holes. 空谈无补

①当动名词短语作主语时, 常用it作形式主语。

常见“It is no use/good+动名词”与“There is no use/good+动名词”句型

It’ s no use crying.

It is no good learning the text by heart without understanding.

(2)作表语：

动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。

Our work is looking after the sick children．

His hobby is playing chess．

(3)作宾语：

①动词acknowledge，admit，advise，advocate，allow，anticipate，appreciate，avoid，consider，contemplate，defer，delay，deny，detest，dislike，endure，enjoy，escape，excuse，fancy，favor，finish，forbid，forgive，imagine，mind，miss，pardon，postpone，practise，prevent，quit，recollect，resent，resist，risk，stand，stop，suggest，understand, be used to，can not help，feel like，give up，insist on，leave off，look forward，object to，put off后要跟动名词作宾语。

①动词attempt，begin，can not bear，cease，continue，dread，forget，hate，intend，like，love，mean，omit，prefer，propose，regret，remember，neglect，start，try后可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式作宾语。

①need，require，want和deserve后跟动名词作宾语：若使用主动态，则表示被动意义，也可以用不定式的被动态。

Your hair needs cutting.

This question requires studying.

These boxes want numbering.

The naughty boy deserves warning.

①worth后跟动名词作宾语：表示被动意义，句中的主语是动名词的逻辑宾语。

The novel is worth reading many times.

①动名词作介词的宾语：与介词一起构成介词短语，作句中的状语、定语和表语。

He is quick at seeing things.

He has not much experience in running factories.

She is against holding the meeting.

①在“have difficulty（trouble，a problem，a struggle）in doing sth.”、“have a difficult（hard，good，bad）time in doing sth.”、“spend（waste）time in doing sth.”、“lose no time in doing sth.”、“be busy in doing sth.”和“be late in doing sth.”结构中，动名词前的介词in可以省略，尤其在英国英语和口语中。

They have trouble concentrating.

I had a hard time getting up this morning.

He spent a lot of time helping me with my pronunciation.

The doctor lost no time giving the patient first aid.

He is busy doing his homework.

I was late sending my reply to his letter.

(4)作定语：

We should be keep quiet in the reading room.

boiling water

fishing net

三、分词

1、现在分词

现在分词的形式：

1.现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went into the room, singing and laughing. 他们边唱边笑走进屋子。

Having done his homework, he played basketball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。

2.现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

2、过去分词

过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。

现在分词与过去分词的区别:

1.在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。

the surprising news令人惊讶的消息

a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人

a moving film一部感人的电影

the moved people被感动的人们

confusing expression让人琢磨不透的表情

confused expression迷惑不解的表情

2.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。

the developing country发展中国家

the developed country发达国家

the rising sun正在升起的太阳

the risen sun升起来的太阳

boiling water沸水

boiled water开水

非谓语动词易混辨析:

1.have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let, make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。

Our teacher had us speak English in groups.

2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。

Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.

I won’t have you cheating the customers.

3.have sth.done意为“让某事被别人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。

The gentleman had his car washed once a week.

练习

I. 用所给单词适当形式填空。

1. It’s no use (ask) him about it.

2. (lose) a job, or not being able to find one, always causes sadness.

3. It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.

4. He think it’s a good thing for students (help) others.

5. Science is (bore) and difficult for children.

6.The study’s aim was (explore) relationship between animals.

7. I was trying to stay (focus)on a magazine article that truly interested me.

8.This year’s festival is aimed at(promote) tourism in Shanghai.

9. Instead of (punish) him, his mother asked him to play gamed for a while.

10.What makes the adobe dwellings(土坯房) admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use) electric equipment.

11.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused__________ (stop) until we reached the next stop.

12. I think it easy for him (make）wise decisions.

13. Still, the boy kept (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.

14. Skilled workers also combine various hard woods and metal __________(create)special designs.

15. They will go to the station (meet) the guests.

16. The Chinese are working hard (realize) the Chinese dream.

17. (walk) along this street, I am relaxed

18. On the last day of our holiday, we were invited to attend a private concert, ____________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

19. People usually cooked their food in large pots , (use) twigs to remove it.

20. (compare) with others, he is much taller.

答案：1. asking 2. Losing 3. to reduce 4. to help 5. boring 6. to explore 7. focused 8. promoting 9. punishing 10. using 11. to stop 12. to make 13. riding 14. to create 15. to meet 16. to realize 17. Walking 18.

listening 19. using 20. Compared

II. 高考真题练习

（一、2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷）

1、___ ___ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.

2、The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___ ___ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

Covering; to increase

（二、2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷）

3、When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ______________ (fall) child.

4、Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ______________ (see) them.

Falling; to see

（三、2022全国甲卷）

5. A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step _____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.

6. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ____________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.

7. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.

8. 改错题I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late.

to journey; held; planning; stay→staying

（四、2022全国乙卷）

9、It can help to build a community with a ____________ (share) future for mankind,” he said.

10._____________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___11________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.

12. 改错题So you are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. shared; To strengthen, inviting; cause→causing

非谓语动词讲义 2023届高考英语二轮复习

非谓语动词 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。 一、不定式的定义及用法(to do) 1.做主语 动词不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，常用结构为：It + be + adj. (+for sb. / of sb) + to do sth.; It + takes/took + sb. + some time + to do sth 1) It took us four hours to finish the work. 2) It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops. 3) It is bad for us to become addicted to cigerattes. 注意：形式主语结构中如果使用表示人的品质的形容词，如kind, nice, clever等时，应当使用of sb.的结构。 It is very nice of you to help me with the project. 2.做宾语 (1)有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语 need to do sth需要做... decide to do sth决定做... agree to do sth赞同做... aim to do sth目的在于做... attempt to do sth试图做.. tend to do sth倾向于做... pretend to do sth假装做... refuse to do sth拒绝做... expect to do sth期待做...

2023届高三英语二轮复习非谓语作状语专项分类练习(含解析)

非谓语作状语专项分类练习 （空放句首，表目的） 1．—I don’t like vegetables, Mum. — on a balanced diet, you should try to eat some. A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Having kept 2．______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. A．Competing B．Having completed C．To have completed D．To complete 3．_________ the convenience of online payment, many old people started to use smart phones. A．To enjoy B．Enjoying C．Enjoy D．To have enjoyed 4．_____ 500g of honey, a single bee would have to make about 10 million trips from the hive to the flower and back again. A．Producing B．To produce C．Being produced D．Having produced 5．______ maps properly, you need a special pen. A．Drawn B．Drawing C．To draw D．Be drawing 6．_____in the sports world，a sportsman needs to train constantly to keep himself in best condition． A．Survive B．Surviving C．To survive D．Survived 7．________ Chinese language and culture abroad, the Chinese Ministry has opened over 500 Confucius Institutes around the world. A．To promote B．Promoted C．Promoting D．Having promoted （空放句首，表主动） 8．_______ around, I saw a white-haired man who I found later was my English teacher. A．Turned B．Turning C．To turn D．Being turned 9．_______ Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. A．Follow B．Followed C．Following D．To follow 10．________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A．To walk B．Walking C．Walked D．Having walked 11．______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then. A．Holding; being held B．Held; holding C．Having held; held D．Held; to be held 12．________ his car ________, he quickly dialed the police number. A．Discovered , stolen B．Discover, stolen C．Discovering , stolen D．Having discovered, to steal （空放句首，表被动） 13．________ another opportunity, I will never waste precious time ________ online games. A．Given, playing B．Giving, to play C．If to be given, playing D．If giving, to play 14．________ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but ________ up. A．Being surrounded; to give B．Having surrounded; give C．Surrounded; to give D．Surrounding; give 15．________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms

2023年统考版高考英语总复习语法部分专题一复杂多变的动词第二讲 非谓语动词

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2023届高考英语二轮复习考点08非谓语动词(A卷)作业含答案

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2. 句法功能 (1)作主语。动词不定式作主语时, 往往用it作形式主语。 It is very important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 (2)作宾语。动词不定式作宾语时, 有时用it作形式宾语。 I find it interesting to stay with you. 我发现与你待在一起很有趣。 (3)作表语。 The important thing is to save lives. 救人要紧。 (4)作宾语补足语。 ①带to的不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词有: advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, want等。 My father encourages me to major in English in college. 我爸爸鼓励我在大学主修英语。 ②不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词有: have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch, observe等, 但它们变为被动语态时, 不定式的to不能省略。 The boss made the workers do the work all day. (=The workers were made to do the work all day. ) 老板迫使工人们整天干活。 ③help后接宾语补足语时to可省略也可不省略。 (5)作定语。 He is always the first student to come to school. 他总是第一个到校的学生。 (6)作状语。 不定式作状语, 可表示动作的目的、结果、原因、条件和方式。 ①作目的状语时, 常用to do/so as to do/in order to do。 To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 为了赶上早班航班, 我们提前预订了出租车并很早就起床了。 ②作原因状语时, 常和表情绪的形容词连用。 这类形容词有: easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。

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