2019高考英语争分夺秒15天：10.定语从句

2019高考英语争分夺秒15天：10.定语从句

第一部分:基础知识

〔一〕、定语从句概述

定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。

如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容

词性从句。

定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟

先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。〔二〕、定语从句的引导词。

定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词

〔that,which,who,whom,whose〕和关系副词〔when,where,why〕，

引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。

〔三〕、关系代词

1.that指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。HeisthesingerthatImetyesterday.

2.which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或

者代替前句

Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasmoving.

3.who指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。

ThemanwhoyoujusttalkedtoisTom.

4.whom指人，在从句中作宾语。Thatistheprofessorwhomyouwanttoknow.

5.whose指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+’s,后接一名词。Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.

【注】：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

〔四〕、关系副词

关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。

1，when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.

I’

llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)Ireachedthetopofthe

HuangshanMountain.

2，where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/in/to/which.

Thisistheschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudied.

3，why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.

That’stherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.

第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法

〔一〕关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:

1，先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,

none,few等不定代词时。

MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdid

2，先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修饰时。

ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.

3，先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。

ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen.

.

4，thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。

ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示相同但并非同一)

ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个) 5，先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。

DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlas tSunday

6，Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。

There’saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.

7，句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。

Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadnev

erbeenseenbefore.

Whoisthemanthatyouweretalkingaboutjustnow?

8，关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。

Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsago.

Tomisn’tthemanthatheusedtobe

(二)关系代词指人时,有时只用who,而不用that。

1，先行词为指人的代词one,those,theman,以及人称代词如he等。

Thosewhoareoftenlateforschoolshouldbepunished.

Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.

2，先行词为someone(somebody),noone(nobody),anyone(anybody),ever

yone(everybody)。

Anyonewhowouldliketoattendthepartyshouldcomeontime.

3，先行词指人时,如有序数词,最高级,thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰,定语

从句既可用that也可用who引导。

Heisthefirststudentwho/thatworkedouttheproblem. (三)关系代词whose的用法：

1，whose在从句中作定语，表示“先行词的…”，既可指人，也可指物。

Johnismybestfriend,whosefatherisascientist.

Theoldmanlivedinthehousewhosewindowwasbroken.

2，whose可以转换为of which〔物〕和ofwhom〔人〕。

1)Thedictionarywhosecoverismissingismine.

(划线部分可改为thecoverofwhich或ofwhichthecover)

2)TheyalsoinvitedMrWang,whosecarwasstolenlastSunday.

(划线部分可改为thecarofwhom或ofwhomthecar)

(四)which的特殊用法：

1，关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,有时不是修饰某个先行词,而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。特别注意，非限定定语从句中

prep+which时，which只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。

1〕Helenoftencamelate,whichmadetheclassteacherangry.

2，which有时可在定语从句中作定语,含义上相当于指示代词this/that。

1)HestayedinEnglandfor5years,duringwhichtimehelearnedE nglishwell.

2)Itmayrainhardtomorrow,inwhichcaseIwon’tgofishing. 【注】：which的这种用法与whose作定语不同。whose表示“先行词的…”。

They’retalkingaboutafilm,whosenameIhaveforgotten.

3，以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时,可借关系代词which把介词前置。

1〕

TomorrowwouldbeChristmasDay,andshehadonly$1

.87withwhichtobuyJimapresent.

2〕Thosepoorpeoplehadnohousestolivein/inwhichtolive.

【注】如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom。

IwanttofindapersontotraveltoEnglandwith/withwhomtot

raveltoEngland.

(五)关系代词as的用法：

1.引导限制性定语从句：

当先行词有such,so,thesame等修饰时,关系代词要用as；as在从句中

可作主语，宾语和表语。

1).Ihaveneverseensuchakindgirlassheis.

2).Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)aseverystudentr espects.

比较：

Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)thateverystude

ntrespectshim.(此句为such/so…that引导的结果状语从句)

3).Suchastudentasoftenstudieshardissuretopassthisexam.

4).HeboughtthesamebikeasIdidlastweek.区别thatIdidlastweek

2.引导非限制性定语从句：

as不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容，可译为“这

一点，此事；正如”，或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾。

常见于

asweallknow，ashasbeensaidabove，asisusual，asisoftenthecase，aseverybodycansee，asisknowntousall等结构。

1).Hehaspassedtheexam,asisapleasuretous.

2).Asweallknow,theearthmovesaroundthesun.

3).Thisexperiment,asyouhadexpected,succeededatlast.

3.，如前所述,which也可引导这种从句,两者常可互换。(非限定性定语从

句谓语句末且指代前面的主句)

1〕Thosetwostudentsarewearingthesameclothes,which/asis

veryinteresting.

2〕Theycametothepartyontime,as/whichhadbeenexpected.

但在以下两种情况下有区别：

1).as从句可位于句首(或主句前),而which从句只能在主句后。

Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.

2).关系代词作主语时,如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的结构,那么只能用which。

Hisfatherdiedinatrafficaccident,whichmadeusgreatlysurprised .

3〕当which在从句中指代的是先行词而不是主句，只能用which Thecar,whichwesawontheplayground,isMike’s.

4〕“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，只能用which。

RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhich

wasveryreasonable.

5〕当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时只能用which引导。Heresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadn'texpected 6〕“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，只能用which。RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhichwasveryr easonable.

第三部分：关系副词的特殊用法

〔一〕关系副词when,where,why的用法：

1.关系代词(which/that)与关系副词(when,where,why)的选取方

法：

A)当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指

代先行词，并代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。

B)如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语,先行词前面需要加上一个

介词才能在从句中作成分的时候,选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中

作状语，常可转换为“介词+which”。

1)Doyourememberthedaywhich/thatwe spent inthemountainvil lage?

Doyourememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)we visited themount

ainvillage?

2)Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwe visited lastyear.

Thisisthefactorywhere(=inwhich)he worked lastyear.

3)Wedon’tbelievethereasonwhich/thathe gave forhiscominglate.

Wedon’tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hehaschangedhismind.

2.关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point，situation，case，

activity,scene,stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词

when的从句可以修饰occasion,stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。

关系副词why只修饰reason这一个先行词。

1)Nowyoucanseewe’vecometothepointwhereachangeisbadlyneeded.

2)Todaywe’

lldiscusssomecaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousei

t

properly.

3)Therearefewoccasionswhenmystudentscan’

tunderstandwhatIteachinclass.

3.when和where在少数情况下可作介词宾语。

1).Thenaughtyboywashiddenbehindthedoor,fromwhere hesawh

ismotherwalkingintothehouse.〔where指代

behindthedoor。不能换为which，因为which只能指代thedoor〕

2).TheywenttoAmericanthreeyearsago，sincewhen theyhavelivedthere.

(when指代threeyearsago。不能换为which，因为which只能指代

threeyears=andsincethen)

(二)that在有些句型中可视为关系副词：

1way后面的定语从句常用that或inwhich引导,但可省略。

Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourparents.

Theway(inwhich/that)heworkedontheproblemwaswrong.

[注]：如果way在从句中作主语或宾语,应该用关系代词which/that。

Heexplainedtheprobleminawaythat/whicheveryonecould accept.

2.Itis(about,high)timethat…(正)是……的时候了。

that从句中常用一般过去时,that在口语中可省略。

Itwashightimethatwestoppedpollution.

Itistimethatyouhadlunchnow.

比较Therewasatimewhen(duringwhich)wewereshortofoil.

3.Thisisthefirst(second,…last)timethat…(从句中常用完成时态)

Thisis/willbethelasttimethatIhavecometoChina.

ItwasthefirsttimethathehadbeeninvitedtoChina.

第四部分：定语从句有关要注意的问题

(一)关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。

1.先行词只有oneof修饰时,从句谓语用复数。

HeisoneofthestudentsinourclasswhohavebeentoHainan.

Thisisoneofthebestbooksthatwerewrittenbythewriter.

2.oneof前有the，theonly，thevery，thefirst时,从句谓语用单数。

Tomistheonly/veryoneoftheboyswhoknowsthetruth.

(二)定语从句的隔离现象：

1定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语,定语或者其他成分隔开,要注意找准先行词。

ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomewhenIwastakengoodcare

ofinthatvillage.

Istherearestaurantaroundwherewecanhavelunch?

(aroundadv.在周围)

Thedaysaregonewhenweusedforeignoil.

(主句谓语较短,隔开先行词与定语从句)

2.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。

1)HeisthemanwhoIthinkisfitforthejob.

2)---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?

---Right,justtheonewhereyouknowIusedtoworkforyears.

(三)定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：

Threedayslater,wefoundanoldhouse,infrontofwhichstooda

bigtree.

Finallytheyclimbedupthemountain,abovewhichappearedab

eautifulrainbow.

(四)注意区别定语从句和其他从句：

1.区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行词)

Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputupwheretherehadoncebeenat

heatre.(状语从句)

Anewschoolwasputupattheplacewheretherehadoncebeenathea tre.

(定语从句)

2.区别“介词+which”的定语从句和“介词+what”的宾语从句。

1)Thisisthecompanyinwhichheworkedthreeyearsago.

(which引导定语从句)

2)Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.

(what宾语从句)

3.区别that的定语从句和同位语从句。

Thenewsthathewonthematchmadeusexcited.(同位语从句)

Thenews(that)hetoldusmadeusveryexcited.(定语从句)

【注】：同位语从句中that不作句子成分,但不能省略，去掉that从句仍然完整。

定语从句中that是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

【高考链接】

1.(2017高考英语上海秋季卷,38)Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy______wemayreturninthenearfuture.

A.onwhich

B.bywhich

C.towhich

D.fromwhich

2.(2017高考英语重庆卷,28)Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacros stheworld.

A.where

B.which

C.whose

D.that

3.(2017高考英语浙江卷,3)Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof______lefttheirvillagehomesfo rabetterlifeinthecity.

A、whom

B、which

C、them

D、those

4.(2017高考英语天津卷,8)CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut? Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly1

5.

A.as

B.which

C.where

D.that

5.(2017高考英语四川卷,10)Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，______turnedouttobeawisedecision、

A、that

B、which

C、when

D、where

6.(2017高考英语上海春季卷,40)Samuelsurvivedwhenthecar______hewasapassengerinturnedofftheroadandhitatre e.

A、where

B、that

C、as

D、why

7.(2017高考英语陕西卷,11)Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinastormisnowunderrepair.

A.where

B.which

C.its

D.whose

8.(2017高考英语山东卷,24)That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.

A.that

B.which

C.whose

D.what

9.(2017高考英语江西卷,31)Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister______sh ewouldstayforanhour.

Awhere Bwho Cwhich Dwhat

10.(2017高考英语江苏卷,32)Thenewlybuiltcaf é,thewallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyaf terhardwork.

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.which

11.(2017高考英语湖南卷,28)I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool______ImetintheEng lishspeechcontestlastyear.

A.who

B.where

C.when

D.which

12.(2017高考英语福建卷,24)StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifeha sdevelopgradually.

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.whose

13.(2017高考英语大纲全国I 卷,24)Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,______isnamedafterhisgrandfather.

A.which

B.where

C.what

D.that

14.(2017高考英语大纲全国II 卷,16)Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_______wassomeoneelse’sfault.

A.who

B.that

C.as

D.what

15.(2017高考英语北京卷,27)Childrenwhoarenotactiveor______dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.

A.what

B.whose

C.which

D.that

练习题

1.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegr

ewupasachild.

A.which

B.that

C.where

D.when

2.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_________personallyIdoubtverym uch.

A.it

B.that

C.when

D.which

3.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyoftheroleintheplay,________,ofcourse, madetheothersunhappy.

A.who

B.which

C.this

D.what

4.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymont

h.

A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What

5.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-wayvillage.

A.until

B.that

C.when

D.where

6.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,_________manypeop lehavegothome.

A.whosetime

B.that

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

7.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.

A.whichIthinkis

B.whichIthinkitis

C.whichIthinkit

D.Ithinkis

8.HewasveryrudetotheCustomsOfficer,________ofcoursemadethingsevenwors

e.

A.who

B.whom

C.what

D.which

9.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,________________wasveryreasonab le.

A.whichprice

B.thepriceofwhich

C.itsprice

D.thepriceofwhose

10.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,___________forth efirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.

A.that

B.while

C.which

D.when

11.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,___________leadingactorisworldfamous?

A.its

B.it’s

C.whose

D.which

12.Johnsaidhehadbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,__________wastrue.

A.he

B.this

C.which

D.who

13.Isthisthereason_____________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswor k?

A.heexplained

B.whatheexplained

C.howheexplained

D.whyheexplained

14.Thefamousbasketballer,____________triedtomakeacomeback,attractedal otofattention.

A.where

B.when

C.which

D.who

15.Wearelivinginanage_________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.

A.which

B.that

C.whose

D.when

16.York,__________lastyear,isaniceoldcity.

A.thatIvisited

B.whichIvisited

C.whereIvisited

D.inwhichIvisited

17.Luckily,wehadboughtaroadmapwithout________wewouldhavelostourway.

A.it

B.that

C.this

D.which

18.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_________ar esoldabroad.

A.ofwhich

B.whichof

C.ofthem

D.ofthat

19.Therearetwobuildings,___________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.

A.thelarger

B.thelargerofthem

C.thelargeronethat

D.thelargerofwhich

20.TheEnglishplay_____________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.

A.forwhich

B.atwhich

C.inwhich

D.onwhich

高考近5年全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句

定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)

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