2019年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题08-定语从句(含答案解析)

专题八定语从句

1.【2018·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..

A. as

B. where

C. that

D. which

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D

【考点定位】考查定语从句关系代词。

【名师点睛】本题旨在考查定语从句中的关系词，要求学生掌握在什么情况下用关系副词，什么情况下用关系代词以及各自的意义。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

2.【2018·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.

A. which

B.that

C.when

D.where

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。

【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句

【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非限制性定语从句的掌握情况，做题之前先看到句子中间有没有逗号，逗号是非限制性定语从句的标志。然后再看句子中缺不缺成份，在定语从句中从句主语宾语都不缺少时，应该考虑关系副词，所以学生需要记住这种方法。

3.【2018·重庆】1

4. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.

A. whom

B. which

C. them

D. that

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。

【考点定位】考查定语从句。

【名师点睛】定语从句有一种介词+关系代词，用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词，不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或介词+关系代词，而及物动词后接宾语，则要求关系代词。Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?此类定语从句，首先

从先行词入手，确实主语是人还是物，再根据定语从句缺少的成分来辨别到底用哪个引导词。

4.【2018·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

A. as

B. whose

C. in which

D. at which

【答案】C

【考点定位】考查定语从句介词加which的用法。

【名师点睛】解答此题需要能够看出这是一个定语从句的结构名词+连词+句子，也需要分析从句的句子成分。关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现"介词+关系代词"。先行词指物，用"介词+which"，指人则用"介词+whom"，且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则： 1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。

5.【2018·天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees

enjoy their work.

A. where

B. which

C. when

D. who

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。

【考点定位】考查定语从句。

【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。

6.【2018·四川】3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

A．which B. what C. whose D. that

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。

【考点定位】考查定语从句

【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句中关系词的选择。本句主要考查了关系代词whose的用法，whose在定语从句中

担当定语，和其后的名词之间存在所有关系，还是比较容易判断的。此题中如果在covers之前加上定冠词the，则需要用of+which结构。即此题等同于：The books on the desk, of which the covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

7.【2018·陕西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.

A. which

B. where

C. whom

D. when

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。

【考点定位】考查定语从句

【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。

8.【2018·福建】34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people

all over the world want to learn about China.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. Which

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先That 不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom 也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。故选D

【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句

【名师点睛】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。Which在非限制性定语从句中通常是代指前面整个句子或者一个较长的词语，并且在从句中做主语。

9.【2018·江苏】21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

A. it

B. which

C. what

D. as

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结

构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。

【考点定位】定语从句

【名师点睛】考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。

10.【2018·安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.

A. it

B. that

C. whose

D. which

【答案】D

【考点定位】考查定语从句

【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，有逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句。定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。在定语从句中，介词后只能跟whom或which，指人用whom；指物用which。这里的先行词是skill，指物。

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