人教版高中英语选修八 Unit3 Inventors and inventions-语法篇(教师版)

第6讲Inventors and inventions 语法篇

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1.掌握动词过去分词的用法和功能；

2.可以纯熟运用非谓语中的动词的过去分词。

一. 概述：分词分为如今分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。

(一). 分词的作用：

1、作定语

（1）单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：

The sleeping boy is my son.

The excited people rushed into the building.

A lost opportunity never returns.

He is a retired worker.

（2）分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：

The girl standing under the tree is my niece.

The building built last year is our library.

This is the question given.

There is nothing interesting.

（3）过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists

2、作表语

如今分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：

The film is touching.

The glass is broken.

She looked tired with cooking.

He remained standing beside the table.

3、作宾语补足语

分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：

I smell something burning.

I heard him singing the song.

I heard my name called.

I can’t make myself understood in English.

I found my car missing.

I’ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。

4、作插入语

其构造是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。

generally speaking 一般说来talking of (speaking of) 说到

strictly speaking 严格地说judging from 从···判断

all things considered 从整体来看taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：

Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。

Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。

(二). 分词的时态

1、与主语动词同时。如：

Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。

2、先于主语动词

分词作时间状语，假如先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：

Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.

After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.

做完作业，他出去漫步。

(三). 分词的语态

1、通常情况下，如今分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：

He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是给你书的那个人

She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。

2、不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded,

returned等词。如：

a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球

a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴

二. 如今分词和过去分词的区别：

在语态上，如今分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；

在时间上，如今分词表示的动作往往正在进展或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。

如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶

A. promote

B. promoted

C. promoting

D. to promote

答案: B

解析: 此题考察的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词〞，如“get burnt〞被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句义：在等待着背提拔的时机的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。故B正确。

2.〔2021福建卷〕For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are

important in staying________.

A. connected

B.connecting

C.to connect

D.to be connected

答案: A

解析: 系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如get paid获得报酬。Get burnt被烫伤；本句中的stay connected保持联络。句义：对于那些家人在远方的人，电脑和在和家人保持联络方面是很重要的。故A正确。

3.〔2021四川卷〕The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.

A. having developed

B. to develop

C. developed

D. develop

答案: C

解析: 此题考察的是过去分词developed作感官动词see的宾语many new products的补足语，因为develop与宾语products间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。句意：经理很满意地看见在付出宏大努力之后看到很多新产品被研发出来。A项表示的是主动关系，B项不定式表示为了将要发生的事情。故C正确。

4.〔2021陕西卷〕Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother________good care of at home.

A. taking

B. taken

C. take

D. be taken

答案: B

解析: 本句考察的是非谓语动词做宾语补足语的用法。句中动词take与his mother构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动。排除AC项，因为AC项都表示主动，D项不符合非谓语的构造。句义：......李博士很开心看到他的妈妈在家被照顾得很好。故B正确。

5.〔2021浙江卷〕Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ to guard her.

A. to appoint

B.appointing

C. appointed

D. having appointed

答案: C

解析: 本句中的动词appoint任命与前面的名词nurse之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语appointed to guard her做定语来修饰前面的名词nurse。句意：残疾的Annie Salmon整个上学期间都是由一名被指定帮助他的护士照顾的。ABD三项均表示的是主动关系。故C正确。

根底演练

1. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists

The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. have written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

2. What’s the language ______ in Germany?

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. be spoken

D. to speak

3. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.

A. are bough

B. bought

C. been bought

D. buying.

4. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.〞

A . read B. reads C. to read D. reading

5. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

A . Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed

Key: 1-5 DBBDB

稳固进步

6. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed

B. following

C. to be followed

D. being followed

7. ______ , liquids can be changed into gases.

A. Heating

B. To be heated

C. Heated

D. Heat

8. When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed

B. completing

C. being completed

D. to be completed

9. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A. Having suffered

B. Suffering

C. To suffer

D. Suffered

10. —I’m very______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

—Mm, it does have a ______ smell.

A. pleasant; pleased

B. pleased; pleased

C. pleasant; pleasant

D. pleased; pleasant

11.______ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving

B. Receiving not

C. Not having received

D. Having not received

12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

A. carry out

B. carrying out

C. carried out

D. to carry out

13. The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. was preparing

14. ________ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.

A. To found

B. Founding

C. Founded

D. Having founded

15. They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don't you give it a try?

A. leave

B. left

C. leaving

D. to leave

Key: 6-10 BCAAD 10-15 CCBCB

1. ________ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.

A. Comparing

B. Compared

C. To compare

D. Being compared

2. I really like this song as it is often heard ________everywhere in China.

A. singing

B. sung

C. having sung

D. to sing

3. ________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.

A. Convincing

B. Convinced

C. To convince

D. Having convinced

4. I came into the classroom, ________ my seat and sat down to read.

A. finding

B. to find

C. found

D. to be found

5. ________ to his work resulted in his great success.

A. Devoted

B. Being devoted

C. Devoting

D. To devote

6. The door ________ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.

A. painted

B. to be painted

C. being painted

D. to paint

7. He could do nothing but ________ what he had said.

A. to take back

B. to be taken back

C. taking back

D. take back

8. I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday.

A. Joining

B. to join

C. will join

D. wants to join

9. ________ Australia's relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really ________.

A. Supposing; amazing

B. Comparing; amazed

C. Considering; amazing

D. Given; amazed

10. I'm going through the composition he has just finished ________ the possible mistakes in it.

A. correct

B. to correct

C. having corrected

D. corrected

11. This is the very plan that I'd like to see ________ in the next two months.

A. carry out

B. to be carried out

C. being carried out

D. carried out

12. On the bank of the river, we found him ________ on a beach, with his eyes ________ on a kite in the sky.

A. seated; fixing

B. sitting; fixing

C. seated; fixed

D. sitting; being fixed

13. He sat calmly on the platform, ________ to answer the question.

A. prepare

B. Preparing

C. prepared

D. to prepare

14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.

A. lose

B. lost

C. to lose

D. having lost

15. —Who should be responsible for the accident?

—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as ________.

A. told

B. being told

C. Telling

D. to be told

Key: 1-5 BBBCB6-10 BDBCB11-15 DCCBA

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一.单项选择

1. The supermarket next month will be the biggest one in the city.

A. completed

B. being completed

C. to be completed

D. having been completed

2. Victims, in the news, who are infected with H7N9 have come up to 28.

A. is reported

B. reported

C. reporting

D. which reports

3. Do you know that the meeting this afternoon has been put

till next week?

A. to be held; off

B. to be held; forward

C. held; off

D. held; forward

4. I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party next weekend.

A. to be held

B. being held

C. held

D. is to be held

5. The tall building in the center of this area will be used as a 5-star hotel.

A. to built

B. building

C. being built

D. having built

6. A direct air route Chongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month.

A. linking

B. being linked

C. link

D. linked

7. We, a discussion with the teacher, came to understand the problem better.

A. holding

B. held

C. being held

D. having held

8. The manager listened to the customers’ complaints attentively with great patience, to miss any point.

A. not trying

B. trying not

C. to try not

D. not to try

9. We hurried all the way to the airport, only that the flight had been cancelled because of the foggy weather.

A. being told

B. to be told

C. having told

D. to have been told

10. that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.

A. Convincing

B. Convinced

C. To convince

D. Having convinced

Key: 1-5 CBAAC 6-10 ADBBB

二. 完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

What is in the drug that makes you sick or dead ? For example ,cocaine is harmful ,but what makes it harmful?

I can't tell you all about drugs ,but I can 1 you think about them in this 2 way. Your body is a very complicated〔复杂的〕machine, 3 a lot of chemical machinery, all of which is finally turned 4 it

all works together . Special chemicals, which we call drugs ,can affect it in many different ways.

Some drugs are 5 when your body has a problem, as with disease-causing bacteria. Then someone may give you aspirin to keep your temperature from going too 6 or some penicillin〔青霉素〕7 it stops the growth of some kinds of bacteria. 8 ,all drugs are really poison, 9 if you take too much ,so you must always use them 10 .

Why do some people take drugs like cocaine ? For a little while they seem to make you feel better ,or happier .But 11 their effects have 12 ,your body has to pay an extra 13 to get back to normal. That makes you want to get 14 of the drug .

Drugs like cocaine have their special effects because they act as 15 for your nervous system. They cut off some of your nerve pathways and take away some of your senses and your 16 .They make you want always more . And just a little too much can even 17 nerves to your heart and stop its beating . Many of us worry about the 18 around us and what pollution does to us .How about your internal〔内在的〕environment, and what goes on 19 you ? You control that all by yourself in what you put into your 20 . Most drugs are pollutants .You would not want pollutants in the air and water around you . Why would you want pollutants in your body ?

1. A. make B. cause C. help D. let

2. A. funny B. different C. simple D. true

3. A. just B. really C. especially D. sometimes

4. A. as if B. even if C. where D. so that

5. A. powerful B. helpful C. painful D. helpless

6. A. high B. tall C. much D. hot

7. A. when B. until C. as D. before

8. A. Besides B. Thus C. However D. Naturally

9. A. at most B. at least C. at times D. at first

10. A. carefully B. easily C. carelessly D. a lot

11. A. where B. before C. after D. until

12. A. worked B. worn C. appeared D. lost

13. A. number B. quantity C. amount D. price

14. A. some more B. nothing C. a little D. a few

15. A. guards B. medicine C. chemicals D. poisons

16. A. worries B. happiness C. freedom D. pride

17. A. lead B. block C. offer D. stick

18. A. places B. nature C. people D. environ

19. A. inside B. around C. outside D. next to

20. A. heart B. head C. body D. Mind

Key: 1-5 CCBDB6-10 ACCBA 11-15 CBDAD 16-20 ABDAC

三. 阅读理解

As with many aspects of modern life, light pollution represents both a

triumph of technology and a minor disaster. It disrupts a basic relationship

that has evolved between humans and the natural world. Historians such as

A. Roger Ekrich have noted how darkness influenced cultural and social

practices. The territory of intimacy and imagination, night can also carve out

a refuge from the never-ending responsibilities of the day.

I remember recently being in Times Square, and there was so much light that it just felt like we were in a domed stadium almost, looking up at something totally artificial above us. When most Americans are living now in cities and suburbs where they’re getting anywhere from two dozen to four dozen stars instead of 2, 500, which is the number you could see on a normal night with no light pollution, it’s almost like why bother? I don’t know if most people even look up and notice the stars. And certainly way back, when a night sky was something that would tell you stories about your life, we’re way beyond that.

I have very good friends in New Mexico. I said to him it must be amazing here at night and I asked, do you have stories associated with the constellations for example? He said we have a whole legend filled with stories about how to live and what a good life is. Human culture in America is totally disconnected from that now.

It would be one thing if all this light were doing good. But the fact is that it’s having an impact on all these creatures from birds to turtles to insects that can’t do anything about it. They’re at our mercy.

There are so many things we could do to control it and to use it intelligently, that I like working with an issue that there are steps we can take immediately to address this problem.

1. It is implied in Para. 1 that night is when people.

A. can avoid the life pressure temporarily

B. get rid of the disaster of technology

C. experience the influence of culture

D. can imagine social practices freely

2. The example of light in Times Square proves that people can’t.

A. see 2, 500 stars on a normal night

B. learn about their life from a night sky

C. develop a relationship with nature at night

D. get anywhere without artificial light

3. According to the writer, American culture.

A. tells mainly about what a good life is

B. is closely related to the constellations

C. lacks the stories about the night sky

D. tends to tell people how to live

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Light pollution needs dealing with right away.

B. Night skies are polluted by artificial light.

C. The Milky Way is never to be seen again.

D. Species are endangered by light pollution. Key: ABCA

人教版高中英语选修八 Unit3 Inventors and inventions-语法篇(教师版)

第6讲Inventors and inventions 语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1.掌握动词过去分词的用法和功能； 2.可以纯熟运用非谓语中的动词的过去分词。 一. 概述：分词分为如今分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。 (一). 分词的作用： 1、作定语 （1）单个分词作定语，分词前置。如： The sleeping boy is my son. The excited people rushed into the building. A lost opportunity never returns. He is a retired worker. （2）分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如： The girl standing under the tree is my niece. The building built last year is our library. This is the question given. There is nothing interesting. （3）过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists 2、作表语 如今分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如： The film is touching. The glass is broken. She looked tired with cooking. He remained standing beside the table. 3、作宾语补足语 分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如： I smell something burning. I heard him singing the song. I heard my name called. I can’t make myself understood in English. I found my car missing.

高中高二英语人教版必修8 Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions语言运用using language导学案

2013～2014学年度下学期高二英语导学案选修8 Unit3 No 5姓名：小组：使用时间：小组评价：教师评价： _____ Period 5 Using language 语言运用导学案 编写人：牛少飞审核人：核心组审批人：______________ 领导签字：_______________ 【学习目标】1. 扎实掌握6个单词个短语的用法，提高语言运用的能力。 2. 通过自主学习和合作探究，学会归纳总结的方法。 3. 激情投入，高效参与课堂，体验用英语表达情感的快乐。 Ⅰ. Tex tⅡ课文阅读理解 (1) Alexander Graham Bell became interested in helping deaf people communicate and in deaf education because _________. A. He wanted to invent the. telephone B. He wanted to invent the microphone C. He loved his mother very much D. He loved the deaf people (2) W hat does the writer mean by saying “ leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods A. Never walk on the smooth road but go along the path B. Leave the beaten track for a while and walk into the woods C. Try to do something in the unusually way sometimes. D. Sometimes do something in the same way as people often think of. (3) Which statement is true? A. Alexander Graham Bell set out to invent the telephone before inventing a multiple telegraph B. When Alexander Graham Bell wanted to design a multiple telegraph, he changed his mind to invent the telephone . C. In search to improve the telegraph, bell invented the first telephone. D. He could study and get a degree 4. What kind of writing style is the passage? A.Narrative B.Argumentative C.Explanatory D.imaginary II. Words and phrases 重点单词及词组 1. bear （ bore, borne / born） vt. 忍受；具有，带有；显示（标记或特性）；忍耐；负担 The letter bears no signature.这封信上没有署名。 【易混辨析】bear/endure/stand/tolerate endure意为“经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服”，强调持久力和意志坚强，常用于否定句中。stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起，常用于否定句中。 tolerate意为“忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗”，语气最弱，可用于肯定句和否定句中。 bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力，常用于否定句中。 bear表示“忍受”时其后可跟doing sth.表示习惯性动作，也可跟to do sth.表示某一次具体动作，且多与can, could，be able to连用；作“生产，生育”讲时，有两种过去分词形式：borne指“生产，生育”，而born 指“出生”。 【选择题】I don’t think our relationship could the strain of her mother visiting for a month. A. bear B. tell C. put up D. hold 2. tap vt.& vi 轻打，轻拍，轻敲 ①This original telegraph sent a message over distance using Morse code (a series of dots tapped outalong a wire in a particular order). ②The teacher tapped him on the shoulder. 老师轻拍他的肩膀。

2020版高考英语总复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions教学案新人教版选修8

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Step 1 课前准备——单元考点自查自测 1.词汇分层级识记过关 2.语境活用填写过关 3.经典句式背诵仿写过关 4.类词巧积累事半功倍 (一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用 (二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用

(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵 Step 2 课堂探究——核心考点点点突破 1.重点难点考点学通练透 2.归纳总结拓展开阔视野 3.方法规律技巧权威点拨 4.面面俱到打创高效课堂

第一时段Warming up & Reading 1．distinguish vt. & vi. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 [教材原句] Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. 这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。 (1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和B distinguish... from... 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself as 作为……而出名 (2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 be distinguished as... 作为……而出名 单句语法填空 ①There is something about music that distinguishes it ________ all other art forms. ②The Town Hall completed in the 1800s was the most ________(distinguish) building at that time. ③The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have ________(distinguish) right from wrong. ④Hangzhou is distinguished ________ the West Lake. 句型转换 ⑤Over the next few years he distinguished himself as a leading scholar. →Over the next few years he ________________________ a leading scholar. [答案] ①from ②distinguished ③distinguishing ④for ⑤distinguished himself to be 2．convenient adj. 方便的；便利的；就近的 [教材原句] They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. 它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里了。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions(附详细解析)新人教版选修8

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