研究生英语第九单元Unit 9 What Does SexGender Have to Do With Your Job

Unit 9 What Does Sex/Gender Have to Do With Your Job? Background Information

About the author and the text

Labor lawyer Jeffrey Bernbach is specializing in discrimination and sexual harassment cases, a booming business throughout corporate America. Since he graduated from Cornell Law School, Bernbach has practiced law for more than 25 years and is called workplace warrior. Since striking out on his own, he has mostly represented management, but in the last few years he’s accepted employees’ cases too, including several well-publicized complaints against his former employer, the Hearst cooperation. He published Job Discrimination II: How to Fight How to Win in 1998.

The Women's Rights Movement in the USA (1848-1998)

1. A Tea Launches a Revolution

The Women's Rights Movement marks July 13, 1848 as its beginning. A young housewife and mother from upstate New York, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, was invited to tea with four women friends and she poured out her discontent with the limitations placed on her own situation. Stanton's friends agreed with her, passionately. Two days later, this small group decided to hold "A convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman."

2. A "Declaration of Sentiments" and the First Women's Rights Convention

Elizabeth Cady Stanton used the Declaration of Independence as the framework for writing what she titled a "Declaration of Sentiments."

She carefully enumerated areas of life where women were treated unjustly, such as: women were not allowed to vote; most occupations were closed to women and when women did work they were paid only a fraction of what men earned; women had no means to gain an education since no college or university would accept women students. Her draft continued: "... we insist that they have immediate

admission to all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of these United States."

The convention was convened at the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls on July 19 and 20, 1848, and the Declaration of Sentiments received unanimous endorsement. The call for women's enfranchisement also won enough votes to carry. The Women's Rights Conventions were held regularly from 1850 until the start of the Civil War.

3. After the Vote was Won

The campaign for woman suffrage met such staunch opposition that it took 72 years for the women and their male supporters to be successful. After the vote was finally won in 1920, the organized Women's Rights Movement continued on in several directions.

In 1920, the Women's Bureau of the Department of Labor was established to gather information about the situation of women at work, and to advocate for changes that the Bureau found were needed.

In 1923, Alice Paul, the leader of the National Woman's Party, drafted an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) for the United States Constitution. Such a federal law, it was argued, would ensure that "Men and women have equal rights throughout the United States."

The second wing of the post-suffrage movement was the birth control movement, initiated by a public health nurse, Margaret Sanger.

4. The Second Wave

The Women's Rights Movement did not begin in the 1960s. What occurred in the 1960s was actually a second wave of activism.

First: Esther Peterson was the director of the Women's Bureau of the Dept. of Labor in 1961. With her encouragement, President Kennedy convened a Commission on the Status of Women. The report issued by that commission in 1963 documented discrimination against women in virtually every area of

American life.

Then: In 1963, Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique. This book evolved out of a survey she had conducted for her 20-year college reunion and documented the emotional and intellectual oppression that middle-class educated women were experiencing because of limited life options. It inspired thousands of women to look for fulfillment beyond the role of homemaker.

Next: Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act was passed. With its passage, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was established to investigate discrimination complaints. In 1966, the National Organization for Women (NOW) was organized. During this same time, young women on college campuses were playing active roles within the anti-war and civil rights movement. Many were finding their efforts blocked by men.

During the second wave, small groups of women in hundreds of communities worked on establishing women's newspapers, bookstores and cafes, creating women's shelters and rape crisis hotlines, forming child care centers and opening women's clinics to provide birth control and family planning counseling, etc.

With the inclusion of Title IX in the Education Codes of 1972, equal access to higher education and to professional schools became law. In many fields, especially in finance, we can find great improvements and liberation for women.

5.The Equal Rights Amendment Is Re-Introduced

In 1972, the ERA with the wording "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." was finally passed and sent to the states for ratification.

Millions of women across the nation became actively involved in the Women's Rights Movement in their own communities and the ranks of NOW and other women's rights organizations swelled to historic sizes.

However, when the deadline for ratification came in 1982, the ERA was just

three states short of the 38 needed to write it into the U.S. constitution.

6. 1998: Living the Legacy

By 1971, women were still less than three percent of our congressional representatives. Today, women hold only 11% of the seats in Congress, and 21% of the state legislative seats. Yet, women have successfully changed thousands of local, state, and federal laws that had limited women's legal status and social roles. At the same time, more than three million women now work in occupations considered "nontraditional" until very recently.

Notes

1. Not until some thirty years ago did Title VII (in addition to prohibiting

discrimination based on race, color, religion, and national origin) establish federal uniformity, making it unlawful to discriminate against females — or, for that matter, males — on the basis of their sex. (Para. 1): It was not until some 30 years ago that Title VII (besides prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion and national origin) made it unlawful throughout the whole country to discriminate against anyone because of his/her sex.

uniformity: condition of being the same throughout 同样，一致(性)

e.g. It is pushing language towards greater uniformity, a trend that is all but irreversible.

The scientist is quite sure that dolphins have varied personalities or

behavioral traits, despite the uniformity of their bodies.

uniform adj. &n.: 一致的，制服

e.g. The air-conditioning system maintains a uniform temperature.

All of us wore the school uniforms for the ceremony.

for that matter: so far as that is concerned 就那件事而言，关于那一点

e.g. Don't tell Mary the story, or anyone else for that matter.

We have to accept that within the UK, and for that matter in most of the rest of the world, there is no such thing as a natural environment.

2. This is wage inequality, not to be confused with the glass ceiling, which

denies women the opportunity to advance up the corporate ladder (which also, of course, impinges on wage increase). (Para. 2): This is wage inequality, and is different from the glass ceiling. The latter takes away from women the opportunity to be promoted to a higher position in the corporate world. Of course the glass ceiling will adversely affect wage increases.

impinge on: have an effect on, influence 影响，触动

e.g. To impinge on others' privacy is strongly repelled in this group.

This is not to ignore the value of knowing about and understanding the

expression of other faith traditions, especially those which may impinge on

the life of the pupil.

3. Although you are worth as much as your male colleague in terms of

employee value (or conversely, maybe he is worth only as much as you), ...

(Para. 4): Although you are equally valuable to your male colleague as an employee, or put it in the opposite way, perhaps he is equally valuable to you.

in terms of: with regard to, from the point of view of 按照，依据

e.g. China came up to the forth place in the world in terms of economic

aggregate.

The ramifications in terms of outcrossing are clear.

4. ... and protesting could lead to dismissal or, at the very least, rocking the

corporate boat to your detriment. (Para. 4): ... and if you protest against this unfairness, you might be fired, or at the very least, you will cause some trouble for yourself because of bringing troubles to your boss.

rock the boat: make sth worse, ruin 弄坏，搞糟

e.g. I don't rock the boat, but I don't want to merely be an outsider either.

Cautious by nature, he was not going to rock the boat more than necessary.

to the detriment of: to the condition of suffering harm or damage 对……不利，有害

e.g. The professor traveled frequently, which was to the detriment of his health.

Some 53 per cent of American marriages end in divorce, usually to the

detriment of the women.

5. This goes on at every level of employment, from factory workers to upper-echelon managers. (Para. 5): The wage inequality occurs at each layer of employees, from factory workers to managers on the top level of a corporation.

upper-echelon: on the top of the ladder 高级的，高等的

e.g. The upper-echelon didn't learn from the failure.

I have been to a few of the upper-echelon restaurants in the city.

6. This is enough to make executives at even the grandest corporations quake

in their boots because such plaintiffs fall into three categories protected by federal and state laws: age,

sex, and race. (Para. 6): A minority female over forty will bring massive troubles to the employer if she is discriminated. The litigant will terrify the most powerful corporations, since she is protected by federal and state laws. Any discrimination against her on the basis of her age, sex and race is unlawful.

quake:

1) v. tremble or shiver, as with cold or from strong emotion 发抖，颤动

e.g. When the murder happened, I stood there, quaking with fear.

The hooligan quaked every time he saw police or soldiers.

2) n. an instance of quaking; an earthquake 发抖，颤动，地震

e.g. The most powerful vibrations from a quake range from 0.5 hertz to about 5

hertz.

While the chances of a major quake are low, the consequences would be

great.

7.So workplace discrimination based on gender (sex) can work both ways.

(Para. 7): So both male and female can be discriminated against in the workplace solely because of their gender (sex).

8.... female protests have less to do with wage inequalities and more to do

with the way they are perceived, or treated by their peers. (Para. 9):...

females protest more about how their male colleagues think of them or treat them rather than about their unequal pay.

perceive: become aware of, have the knowledge of especially through the eyes or the mind 认知，理解

e.g. He was able to perceive change as opportunity, uncertainty as challenge

and corruption as disease.

We perceive things as we know them to be, not necessarily as they are.

perception n.: [formal) the action of perceiving; the ability to perceive well, keen natural understanding 感觉，知觉，了解，领悟力

e.g. My perception was that nothing had been changed.

His analysis of the problem reveals his extraordinary perception.

perceptive adj.: (appreciation) showing an unusually god ability to notice and understand 有知觉的，有理解力的

e.g. She is the most perceptive among us.

The director gave us a perceptive account of the relationship between our center and theirs.

perceptible adj.: {formal) that can be perceived; noticeable 能感觉到的，可察觉的，显而易见的

e.g. Our living standard has had a perceptible improvement.

It's perceptible that you are wrong.

peer: equal in rank, merit or quality 同辈，同等的人 e.g. Many children are easily influenced by their peers.

It is difficult to find his peers in the university.

peerless adj.: unequalled, unrivalled无匹敌的，无双的

e.g. To be a peerless man is very difficult.

His Chinese Kong Fu is peerless.

9.Another policewoman reported that although she outscored two men on

physical tests, and tied with another man on written tests; the men were hired promptly, while it took her five years (and a lawsuit) to gain her rightful place on the force. (Para. 10): Another policewoman reported that despite her better performance than that of two men on physical tests and equal grades on written tests with another man, it took her five years plus a lawsuit to get the job while all the three men were employed quickly.

tie with: be equal to an opponent in a competition 战平

e.g. Ashley tied with Benjamin in a thrilling encounter.

Since the two teams tied with each other, a rematch was planned.

10. A few years ago he reportedly told a Senate panel he would "rather fly with

a less-qualified male pilot than with a topnotch woman aviator." (Para. 11): It

was reported a few years ago that he had told a Senate panel that he would rather fly with a less-qualified male pilot than with an excellent female pilot.

topnotch: first-rate; best possible 第一流的，最棒的

e.g. Her place will be taken by another topnotch player, who will resign next year.

Many topnotch models refuse to take part in the exhibition.

11．The time-worn excuse of denying certain jobs to females in order to "protect" them from damage to their reproductive systems or possible harm to an unborn fetus has been held by the courts to constitute sex discrimination. (Para. 13): The courts have held that this outdated excuse constitutes sex discrimination against women. Such an excuse claims that women are not allowed to take certain jobs because their reproductive systems

or an unborn fetus need to be protected.

12．S peaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich committed "verbal discrimination" while infuriating millions of men and women in 1995... (Para. 14): Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich made the mistake to use some discriminative words against women and this irritated millions of men and women in 1995...

infuriate: fill with rage and fury 使狂怒，激怒

e.g. He always returned very late recently, which infuriated the doormen of

the building.

To join the Axis might infuriate Servia.

13. Aside from Speaker Gingrich's skewed view, some common

sense considerations should and do apply. (Para. 15): Except for the

unreasonable opinion from Gingrich, sensible considerations should apply

and do apply in our real life.

aside from: except for, as well as 除……以外

e.g. Aside from tennis and swimming, she also fancies dancing and reading.

Aside from a mild fever, the patient felt fine this morning.

14．In either of these examples, sex would be a bona fide occupational qualification. (Para. 15): Sex of the applicants is the legal and necessary

requirement for the job in both of the examples above.

bona fide: genuinely, sincerely, in good faith 真正（的）真诚（的）真实（的）

e.g. Initially, he established himself in our eyes as a bona fide journalist.

We try to ensure that only bona fide members are allowed to use the

logo.

15. But stereotypical perceptions persist. (Para. 16): But the thought that a woman

should not drive an eighteen wheeler and a man should not work as a nursery school educator is deeply rooted in our minds and still functions.

stereotypical: of a fixed set of ideas about what a particular type of person or thing is like, which is wrongly believed to be true in all cases 陈词滥调的，固定印象的

e.g. This small amount of coverage was overwhelmingly negative and

stereotypical.

The stereotypical role-playing in our families and society may affect our

fear of rejection.

stereotype n.: a conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image定型的看法，观念，信仰，形象

e.g. The John Wayne stereotype was rejected, along with his conservative

values.

He doesn't conform to the usual stereotype of the city businessman.

persist: continue to exist 持续，存留

e.g. The fog is likely to persist in most areas, so be careful when driving.

Under all the various forms, the sexual act and natural fertility cycles

persist.

persist in: carry forward 坚持，固执

e.g. It is necessary to persist in using IT to propel industrialization.

The little girl persisted in wearing that red skirt.

Key to Exercises

I. Reading Comprehension

1. Title VII protects the citizen's equality regardless of their race, color,

religion and national origin. When discussing gender equality, it ensures

that no one will be discriminated against because of his/her gender. Since it

is federal, this Title also settles the difference between states about gender

discrimination.

2. More women are less paid than men because of their gender.

3. These are two different types of gender discrimination against women and

should not be confused with each other. However, the glass ceiling has

negative effect on the wage increase. Thus these two types are related to one

another to some extent.

4. The first sentence means that woman has to adjust herself to man's standard

of employee value. This is what is actually happening now. However, the

second sentence indicates that a feminist may adopt the standard of

woman's employee value and man has to adjust himself to it.

5. Since the whole article doesn't mention sexual harassment except in this

paragraph, it remains complete without this paragraph. However, sexual

harassment has something to do with one's job, which is responding to the

question cast in the title: What does sex/gender have to do with your job?

So in this point, it is necessary.

6. It is ironical since in these positions that women do the same jobs and

wear the same or similar uniforms as men, and this sameness implies that

women should not be differentiated from men. However, such a

presupposition has been broken by the reality that many women are

suffering from gender bias.

7. The author strongly opposes this idea and thinks that this is a time-worn

excuse that denies women access to certain job positions.

8. While we oppose gender discrimination in job markets, we need to admit

that in some situations sex is a bona fide occupational qualification. Except

for these situations, any denial for individuals to certain jobs is illegal and

stereotypical.

II. Structure of the Text

1．Introduction (Para.l)

Title VII makes it unlawful to discriminate against a person based on one's gender. 2．Body(Paras. 2-12)

1) The on-the-job gender discrimination (Paras. 2-7)

VIII. Translation

A.

1. For that matter, you are no better qualified than Mary or other

colleagues.

2. This was the best result that we could expect under the

circumstances.

3. The effects of gender discrimination are impinging on every

aspect of our careers, from our salaries to our promotion.

4. He has been fired by the company, which proves that if you

neglect your duty, you can't get away with it.

5. He worked long hours, to the detriment of his health and family life.

6. The chapter falls into three parts, but the last part seems to divert

form the feminist thesis.

7. Aside from the glass ceiling and wage inequality, explicit

discrimination is everywhere, too.

8. Initially the reaction of many to this band was that they were just a

bunch of pretty boys with no talent.

9.In terms of actual sales, the book has been a complete failure.

10. Is it safe to predict the result of the election on the basis of one

opinion poll?

B.

有史以来，性别歧视最明显的例子就是女性与男性同工不同酬。这种做法虽不合法，但却很普遍。即使在今天，虽然女权主义者（及其其他人士）多年来努力纠正这种不平等的状况，女性的工资仍然只有男性的70%。这就是“工资不平等”现象。不要将其与“玻璃天花板”（妇女在职务升迁上遇到的无形障碍）。比方说你是名女性，在一家大公司做宣传部经理。你的工资是35,000美元。同为宣传部经理，在同一家公司另一部门任职的男同事却可以挣50,000美元。他的资历与你相当—确切地说：你们进同一所大学，同在另一家公司共过事，然后你们都找到了“理想的工作”。

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研究生英语(下)-综合教程课后答案-何莲珍主编

1 第一单元 1. The tranquil atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home. 2. Technological advances might ultimately lead to even more job losses. 3. In the aftermath of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership. 4. Her kindness and generosity cancel out her occasional flashes of temper. 5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the ordeal 6. Foreign food aid has led to a drastic reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation. 7. Perhaps her most important legacy was her program of educational reform. 8. There were food shortages and other deprivations during the Civil War. 9. The new economic policies could prove suicidal for the party. 10. The building will be completed around six months earlier than anticipated. 11. The experience was enough to keep him preoccupied for some time 12. The road to happiness is paved with adversities. 13. She aspires to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company. 14. He might be influenced by nostalgia for the surroundings of hishappy youth. 15. In retrospect, I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action. 二、1. Watching your baby being born is a mind-blowing experience(极其令人兴 奋的经历). 2. There is built-in storage space(内置储藏空间) in all bedrooms. 3. This handout focuses on self-protection measures(自我保护措施) under difficult climatic conditions. 4. I’m sure we could offer you some short-term employment (短期的工作). 5. So, how is it that we all, or at least many of us, have such a distorted and negative self- perception(歪曲的、否定的自我观念)? 6. Helen Hunt stars as a character undergoing life-changing events(改变了生活的事件) in Then She Found Me. 7. She has written a book that is beautiful because of the honesty and the raw emotion that is portrayed in all-encompassing details(无所不包的细节). 8. Having a decent job contributes to a good self-image(一个好的自我形象). 三、What then is a good mind? It is the whole mental …… 1、searches 2、connections 3、inventive 4、discerning 5、anticipates 6、future 7、individual 8、identifies 9、fallacy 10、self-discipline 四、翻译1、I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung 。。。。。。。the silent tarn-a pestilent and mystic vapor, dull, sluggish, faintly discernible, and leaden-hued. (Edgar Allan Poe: “The Fall of the House of Usher”) 译文: 我如此沉湎于自己的想象，以至于我实实在在地认为那宅院及其周围悬浮着一种它们所特有的空气。那种空气并非生发于天地自然，而是生发于那些枯树残枝、灰墙暗壁，生发于那一汪死气沉沉的湖水。那是一种神秘而致命的雾霭，阴晦，凝滞，朦胧，沉浊如铅。 2、She had a very thin face like the dial of a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the middle of a 。。。。。。。。l of the night passing swiftly on toward further darkness but moving also toward a new sun. 译文:( 她的)容貌那么清秀，就像半夜里醒来时在黑暗中隐约可见的小小的钟面，报告时刻的钟面。它皎洁而安静，深知时间在飞驰，深信黑暗虽然越来越深沉，却也越来越接近新生的太阳。 2 1. I’ve been spared a lot, one of the blessed of the earth, at least one of its lucky, that privileged handful of the dramatically

2020年考研复试英语口语常见问题及答案

2020年考研复试英语口语常见问题及答案 62. 复试英语口语的评价标准是什么? 1)语言准确性(语法和用词的准确性、语法结构的复杂性、词汇的丰富水准、发音的准确性); 2)话语的长短和连贯性(内容的连贯性、寻找合适词语而造成的停顿频率及长短、表达思想的语言长短等); 3)语言的灵活性和适合性(语言表达是否灵活、自然，话语是否得体，语言能否与语境、动能和目的相适合)。 63. 复试英语口语测试包括哪几个部分? 第一部分：考查学生理解并回答相关日常生活、家庭、工作、学 习等问题的水平(3-5分钟); 第二部分：考查学生连续表达的水平。考生从所给的问题中选择 一个话题，就此话题表达自己的看法(7-10分钟); 第三部分：部分院校复试中会加入专业英语的内容。 64. 复试英语口语如何评价成绩? 1) 优秀——能用外语就指定的话题实行口头交流，基本没有困难; 2)良好——能用外语就指定的题材实行口头交流，虽有些困难， 但不影响交流; 3)及格——能用外语就指定的话题实行简单的口头交流; 4)不及格——不具备口头表达水平。 65. 英语口语常问话题(一) 第一个经常问得话题是考研原因。通常我们能够从以下三个方面 来回答。

1) 兴趣，即强调对所报考的专业怀有极大的兴趣(have significant interest in…)。如果本科就读的专业与报考的专业一致，则能够说明想继续深造(further education)的愿望。如果不一致，则要说明报考专业对你的吸引力(…appeals to/attracts me a lot); 2) 优势，即强调研究生相对于本科生在知识、学术方面的优势，如：知识面更广(wider knowledge)，学术更专业(more professional)，眼界更广阔等(broaden one’s horizon); 3) 益处，即强调考研对你的未来的积极影响(have a positive effect on…)，能够从求职、职业规划、人生经历等方面入手实行说明。可参考的词汇、短语如下：be helpful, contribute to, be beneficial to, be conductive to, be a definite advantage, become a strong point when it comes to…等等。 此外，对于那些在职考生或有工作经验的考生来说，考官更倾向 于提问他们为什么(放弃工作而)重新学习。考生能够直言在工作发现 某些知识或技能很重要，希望能通过学习在这些方面实行提升(In my work, I found … is rather important. I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning. So I choose to go back to school and improve myself。)。 66. 英语口语常问话题(二) 考官有时会询问考生对未来的一些规划，其目的在于试探考生是 否对时间、学习、人生有一定计划性和掌控水平。 1) 学习规划。关于这个话题，考官通常会以一种较婉转的方式提问，如：What do you expect to achieve during your study if you are enrolled into this university? 回答这个类的问题时，不 但仅要回答想学到什么样的知识、成为什么样的人，能够简述你会/计 划怎样学习(即学习方法)。无论是倾向于学术理论性的还是侧重于实 验研究性的，都要把握一个原则：理论联系实际，同时主次分明。

研究生课程__英语口语考试复习

Unit 1 1.What do you often do during your holidays? In the summer holiday, I am in a company called Jing Tianwei for one-month internship, It is a railway IT company and I worked in hardware tecnology sector, I was responsible for finding the trouble charts of trains, my work is simple, but it requests careful and patient attitudes which is just my characteristics, I learned a lot Things in the company, in particular, the head of department taught me not only some skills at work, but also taught me how to interact with others and how to solve some difficult problems, I would like to thank my friends in the companies for their help. 2. With whom do you prefer to spend your holiday, your parents or your friends? why? I prefer to spend my holiday with my parents. Because most of us are studying far away from home, we will meet our parents twice or only once in a year, as their children ,they miss us and we miss them, holiday is a good chance for us to have a reunion, to have a dinner or have a party together, usually we talk about some interesting things happened, it is a happy time for my family, and we enjoy the moment. I will choose to meet my friends when we are in schools, though we are in different places, we can choose a place to travel together during a short holiday. If we don’t have many classes, my friends will come to my school ,and we meet each other. 3.What festival do you like best? Why? Spring Festival. Three reasons. First, Spring festival is normal, we celebrate it once a year. But, it's abno rmal because it’s unique festival by Chinese. Second, Spring Festival is the most solemn and folk traditional festival, which represented to bid farewell to the end of the old year and welcome in the new year. Finally, we have a family reunion during the holiday. Usually, this is the only chance for family members to meet. And this is the most important reason why I like Spring Festival best. 4.How do you spend that festival? I'd like to say how we celebrating this festival traditionally. The festival atmosphere getting stronger and stronger during the last lunar month before the Spring Festival Eve, people do Spring Festival shopping to prepare all the stuffs that they’re going to eat and use for celebration and the several days after the eve. That’s a bi g holiday for kids, they wear new clothes; they get red packets from parents and eldership; we fire fireworks, every kid has the experience that expecting the Spring Festival for the year. For family, relatives meets each other at this time, have family reunion dinner is the mainly activity. Recently, many people choose travel during the Spring Festival vacation; they get relaxation both from travel itself

研究生学位(中英文对照)

授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录（中英文对照） (资料来源:国务院学位委员会办公室、教育部研究生工作办公室编.授予博士硕士学位和培养研究生的 学科专业简介.北京:高等教育出版社，1999年.) 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 01 哲学 Philosophy 0101 哲学 Philosophy 010101 马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism 010102 中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy 010103 外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies 010104 逻辑学 Logic 010105 伦理学 Ethics 010106 美学 Aesthetics 010107 宗教学 Science of Religion 010108 科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology 02 经济学 Economics 0201 理论经济学 Theoretical Economics 020101 政治经济学 Political Economy 020102 经济思想史 History of Economic Thought 020103 经济史 History of Economic 020104 西方经济学 Western Economics 020105 世界经济 World Economics 020106 人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 0202 应用经济学 Applied Economics 020201 国民经济学 National Economics 020202 区域经济学 Regional Economics 020203 财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation) 020204 金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)

研究生英语口语总结

Hiolidays I like the Spring Festival most among various traditional festivals in China as it is the biggest and most exciting festival for Chinese. I like the Spring Festival also because I can eat a lot of delicious food and do a lot of interesting thing. For me, I have enough time to visit my classmates who isn’t in the same city with me and we can visit our teacher together. Everytime our teacher see us, she is very happy. The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back. Current customs to observe traditional Chinese festivals get more and more simplified and the old customs are gradually gone. For some people, festivals only mean the symbolic foods, such as moon cake for the Mid-Autumn Festival. The growing popularity of Western holidays in China might be one reason for the weakening cultural elements in China's traditional holidays. Another important reason I think is that many festivals, considered important days on China's lunar calendar, are not public holidays, especially in cities, as people have to work.

考研复试英语口语(自我介绍、热门问题)

Good morning , my dear teachers . I am glad to be here for this interview . First , please let me introduce myself . My name is xx . I am from weinan , a major city in shanxin . In 2011, I entered the Institute of Northern Information Engineering in Xi’an Technological University and majored in Chinese language and literature .（学了哪些课程）I am satisfied with my performance in my four years’college . It may be regarded as the most wonderful part of my life , which helps me make great progress in cooperation , communication and innovation . It is my university life that paves the way for me to success .（大学时哪些事情让你印象深刻？大学让你获益了什么？） I’m now working for New dream Education & Technology Group as a Chinese teacher of high school . I have been working there for almost two years . I benefited much from my work . At the same time , I realized that what I had learned was not enough for this field . I am eager to further my study and raise my professional levels . （请描述你的工作；你为什么读研,而不是继续工作？） Generally speaking，I am a person with great perseverance . I keep on running every day , no matter what the weather is like . And I keep sparing four hours in the evening to study after a day’s work . Owing to this , I could succeed in the first round of the exam .（你是一个怎样的人） My dream is to be an excellent Chinese teacher. If I am given a chance to study in this famous university , I will try my best to study and make great progress with your instruction . That is my brief introduction . Thank you for your attention . 亲爱的老师们，早上好。很开心参加这次面试。首先，我简单介绍下自己。 我叫xx，26岁。来自陕西省。2011年我就读于西安工业大学北方信息工程学院汉语言文学专业。我很满意我的表现在我的四年大学生活,它可能被视为最精彩的我的生活的一部分。它让我在合作、交流、创新方面取得了巨大的进步。我的大学生活，为我铺平了成功的道路。 我现在就职于新梦想教育科技集团是一名高中的语文老师。我已经在那里工作了几乎两年。我从我的工作中受益匪浅。同时,我意识到我所学到的知识对于这个领域是不够的。我渴望进一步学习和提高我的专业水平。 一般来说，我是一个有毅力的人。不管什么天气，我坚持每天跑步。我一直保持留四个小时在晚上学习，在一天的工作后。由于这一点，我能通过第一轮考试。 我的梦想是成为一名优秀的语文教师。如果我有机会在这所著的名的大学学习,我会尽力学习,并在你的指导下取得很大进步。 这是我的简介。谢谢你的关注。

熊海虹主编《高等学校研究生英语综合教程 下》课后习题答案

Unit One Task 1 1. provinces b. 2. woke a. 3.haunt b. 4.trouble a. 5.weathers d. 6.wakeb. 7.coined c. 8. trouble b. 9.weather c. 10. province c. 11. coin a. 12. value a. 13. haunts a. 14. has promised a. 15. trouble c. 16. coin b. 17. promise d, 18. values c. 19. refrain b. 20. valued e. Task 2 1. tranquil 2. ultimately 3. aftermath 4. cancel out 5.ordeal 6.drastic 7. legacy 8. deprivations 9. suicidal 10. anticipated 11. preoccupied 12. adversities 13. aspires 14. nostalgia 15, retrospect Task 3 1. a mind-blowing experience 2.built-in storage space 3.self-protection measures 4. short-term employment 5.distorted and negative self-perception 6. life-changing events 7. all-encompassing details 8.a good self-image Unit Two Task1 I. A. entertainment B. entertaining 2. A.attached B.attachment 3.A.historically B. historic 4. A. innovative B. Innovations 5. A. flawed B. flawless 6.A.controversy B. controversial 7. A. revise B. revisions 8. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/59716780.html,mentary B. commentator 9.A. restrictive B. restrictions 10.10. A.heroic B. heroics Task 2 1. ethnic 2.corporate 3.tragic 4. athletic 5. underlie 6. stack 7. intrinsic 8. revenue 9. engrossed 10. award Task 3 1) revenues 2)receipts 3) economic 4)rewards 5)athletes 6) sponsor 7)spectators 8) maintain 9) availability 10) stadiums 11) anticipated 12) publicity

研究生学位英语(GET)2002-2013真题翻译(附答案)

2002年1月 Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on how well-established a company’s products are. Young industries on steep growth curves are almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few y ears, and then they’re at a loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It’s inherent in the type of business.” In many corners of Silicon Valley----and elsewhere ----unpredictability is inevitable. One solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a “very strong service business”, a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between innovations. 对于一个公司产品的准确预测取决于该公司产品的知名度。对于许多硅谷人来说，这一点令人感到无可奈何。成长呈急剧上升趋势的新兴产业对其产品在最初几年的出色表现几乎总是惊讶不已，随后，当产品需求下降时他们又会感到手足无措。斯坦福大学的一位商业策略教授说：“在一个充满活力和变数的市场，人们是会犯错误的。这是由市场的内在本质所决定的。” 在硅谷的许多地方，以及在其他的地方，不可预测性是无法避免的。解决之道是：不断创新，但同时又要开发出优良的服务项目与产品一道出售。一位公司总裁说，“出色的服务”会抹平新产品换代过程中出现的不足。 2002年6月 The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we don’t stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world’s people. The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has proved what openness can accomplish. 在上海的与会各国都意识到了目前的危机。如果现在不制止恐怖主义，每个文明国家在将来的某个时候都会成为恐怖主义者的袭击目标。我们将通过摧毁任何地方的恐怖主义网络来打败他们。同时，我们也将

研究生英语口语作业

2.How do our emotions affect our decision-making？ In life, we make many decisions,and maybe they are not all correct sometimes. For example, one day,i am so sad that i drink a lot of wine, but I don't like to drink and more importantly, I am allergic to alcohol.So i regret to do that another day. And how this phenomenon come about? Maybe because emotions are closely connected with our decision-making procedure. As far as I’m concerned, emotions will have impact on the perspective we take. When we are overwhelmed by emotions, no matter too happy, too sad or too angry, emotions will interfere with the way we look at a thing and even distort the facts.当我们被情绪,不管太幸福,太伤心或生气,情绪会干扰我们看一件事,甚至歪曲事实That’s because we are in an irrational（非理性的）state of mind so we can’t make an objective judgment. The solutions and options we have are also limited because of such prejudice （偏见）. However, such situation happen so frequently that we can’t change it immediately. We should try to be calm and keep a peaceful mind when making decisions. 3.How do music and culture influence each other? I think different cultures nature different kinds of music. The music reflects the habits, the way people think and the tradition of a country or a nation. For instance, R&B and Hiphop shows African-American people’s desire for freedom and independence and they’d like to put some criticism of the society in the music to show their standpoint. Country music from the south of the US is quite different from R&B and Hiphop. It is more relaxing and softer to hear and it is more popular because it always tells a story which depicts(描述) living scenes in the south. And country music often sings about love. So music mirrors what people are concerned about from different cultures. There are many kinds of culture, including music culture, reading culture, social culture and so on. Music culture is part of the culture. And culture is invisible, only through the music, it can be reflected. The meaning is that without music, we also cannot realize culture. 4.what do our favorite characters say about us? In my life,there are many people who impress me deeply by their action, but now who i want to talk about is a NBA star.I like playing basketball and make many great friends through it.And i think many people know him,who is Kobe Bryant.He is the hero in my mind. There are thousands of reasons to love Kobe, but beyond all these reasons is his spirit of nev er giving up. Life is full of difficulties.There are two kinds of attitudes toward the bars(障碍) .Most of people will choice to avoid the bars and only a few of them will go straight towards t he difficulty. Kobe is one of the small parts. As we know, the professional players will always be inj ured in competitions. Some of them will rest and not attend the later competition .On the contrar y, Kobe will always takes part in the competition with his broken finger , broken knee and his brok en back and never complain a word. He can do that on account of having a wining heart. Someti mes he has bad performance, and soon the media will criticize him .When facing that, Kobe usuall y keeps silent and uses his efforts and best performance to fight against the criticism. In that way, he stands the loneliness and all the bars in his life. All in all, he is really a great man, a true hero and i respect him! In my study,there are many difficulties and i will face them bravely and beat them.that is all, thank you!