专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(25)

Test Twenty Five

近义词辨析

source, origin, root, resource

这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

source和origin

都表示某事的“起源，开端”。source原指河流的源头，其引申义可用来指某事物的最初来源或出处，在指非物质或无形的事物时尤其如此。source还常指消息等的“来源，出处”。 origin常译为“起源，发源，起因”，指导致某事物最后出现或形成的因素，或某事物在遥远的空间以外或久远的年代以前的最初形态，常表示某种历史文化现象、风俗习惯的“起源”，有时可译为“起因”。

root的意义是“根源，起因”，它强调导致某事物最终出现的最初的、最根本的、最重要的原因，由此所产生的现象或事物常成为一种外观的产物。

resource

主要指一个国家或地区可以取用的“资源，财力，资产”，一般以复数形式出现。resource 也可指人在处理问题时所表现出的“才智，机敏”，此时resource为不可数名词。

Literature is a source of endless pleasure to many thousands.文学是很多人快乐的无尽源泉。

Do you know the origin of the custom of giving presents at Christmas?你知道在圣诞节互赠礼品这一风俗的来源吗?

The root of the question lay in the seizure of the land of Ireland by the English ruling class.这个问题的根源在于英国统治阶级对爱尔兰土地的攫取。

The mortgage is a drain on our financial resources.偿还抵押贷款是我们财务上的一大负担。

ordinary, mediocre, commonplace

这组词均含有“平常的，普通的”的意思。

ordinary

意为“普通的，通常的”，使用范围较广，也有“平淡”之意，但不含贬义。

mediocre

意思是“平常，平庸的”，表示事物既不很好，也不很坏，但比所期望的差，隐含“二流”之意。如放在副词only或just后，则加重其贬义。

commonplace

意为“平常的，平凡的”，强调期望与事实差距悬殊，常用作贬义。

It is an ordinary summer day.这是个平常的夏日。

He is a person of mediocre abilities.他是平庸之才。

He’s not at all exciting. In fact, he’s really rather commonplace.他毫不出奇，实际上平庸得很。

全真模拟试题

1. ____ , he is always modest.

A. With all his profound knowledge

B. Because of all his profound knowledge

C. With his all profound knowledge

D. For his profound knowledge

2. His honesty is ____ ; nobody can doubt it.

A. in question

B. out of question

C. beside the question

D. without question

3. When cooking a delicious dish, this kind of spice ____ into account.

A. must be taken

B. was taken

C. had been taken

D. would have been taken

4. It was not until he took up fishing that he ____ to relax.

A. had been beginning

B. began

C. had begun

D. beginning

5. Not only you but also I ____ mistaken on this point.

A. are

B. were

C. have

D. am

6. Twenty pounds ____ enough for such a poor family spend for a month.

A. were

B. being

C. have been

D. was

7. The president of the college, together with the deans, ____ planning a conference for the purpose of laying down a series of regulations.

A. were

B. are

C. is

D. will

8. Many a person ____ at the gate of the department store.

A. is standing

B. are standing

C. have been standing

D. have stood

9. “I got to my office on time.”“What if your car ____ ”?

A. would broken down

B. broke down

C. breaks down

D. had broken down

10. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops ____ still better.

A. will be growing

B. are growing

C. would have been growing

D. would be growing

11. Before the invention of refrigeration, the ____ of fish and meat was a thorny problem.

A. keeping

B. maintaining

C. protection

D. preservation

12. A sudden movement caught the pony’s attention and he instantly became ____ and alert.

A. doubtful

B. suspicious

C. suspecting

D. hesitating

13. During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the ____ of lessons.

A. investigation

B. observation

C. inspection

D. observance

14. I’ll be very glad that you agree to ____ this matter.

A. look up

B. look for

C. look over

D. look into

15. As there was a power cut in the hospital, the surgeon had to ____ the operation.

A. call for

B. call off

C. call on

D. call out

16. From ancient times, the valley of the Nile has been made ____ by the river floods.

A. famous

B. deserted

C. attractive

D. fertile

17. The manager made a far seeing decision ____ what she had said.

A. in the light of

B. in the course of

C. in favor of

D. in the face of

18. Each household ____ five pounds of meat every month.

A. availed

B. allocated

C. was endowed with

D. was entitled to

19. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ______ very little.

A. comes up to

B. makes up for

C. stands up for

D. adds up to

20. The manager was pleased with increased ____ from the factory.

A. outcome

B. output

C. outset

D. outlet

21. The curtains were put up only months ago, but they have ____ badly.

A. shaded

B. faded

C. fainted

D. withered

22. If you find that chair too hard, I’ll bring you a ____ .

A. pillow

B. mat

C. comforter

D. cushion

23. Only the headwaiter has some professional hotel ____ so the service is rather slow and inefficient.

A. learning

B. training

C. teaching

D. instructing

24. Fred doesn’t like white coffee, nor does he like to put cream on his strawberries, because he prefers them ____ .

A. plain

B. simple

C. natural

D. ordinary

25. The economists are not quite optimistic about the economic ____ for Europe.

A. outlook

B. insight

C. opinion

D. attitude

试题答案与解析

1．A)【句意】他尽管学识渊博，但始终很谦逊。

【难点】句型“for all +one’s+名词或从句”以及“with all (one’s+名词或从句)”为习惯性用语，常用来表示让步状语，for all或with all 相当于in spite of all，意为“尽管，虽然”。

2．D)【句意】他的诚实是无可怀疑的，没有人能怀疑这一点。

【难点】without question 意为“无可怀疑的”。in question 意为“在考虑中的，在议论中的”。out of question 意为“不成问题”。beside the question 无此搭配。

3．A)【句意】烹饪一道好菜时，必须考虑使用这种调料。

【难点】由时间状语中的a delicious dish 可以看出，此句意在说明一个普遍的事实，而不是特指烹饪某一道菜，所以无须使用过去时，而只需使用表示普遍情况的一般时。

4．B)【句意】直到他开始以钓鱼为乐，他才开始得到了轻松的休息。

【难点】此句为强调句，所强调的时间状语从句部分的动作几乎和主句的动作同时发生，时间状语从句的谓语动词为过去时，因而主句的谓语动词采用过去时便可。

5．D)【句意】不仅你，我也在这点上犯了错误。

【难点】按照英语语法，由not only…but also构成的主语，其谓语动词应按照就近关系，因此此句只能选择D)。

6．D)【句意】二十镑足够这样一个贫困的家庭花一个月了。

【难点】表示时间度量等复数名词作主语时，常常作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数。 7．C)【句意】校长与系主任正打算召开一次会议，以制定一系列规章制度。

【难点】由“together with (as well as, but, including) +名词”构成的介词短语来修饰主语的句子，其谓语动词必须与主语保持一致，而无须考虑以上介词的宾语的单复数形式。

8．A)【句意】许多人站在百货大楼的门前。

【难点】many a +可数名词的单数形式意为“许多…”，后面的谓语动词必须使用单数形式。

9．D)【句意】“我按时到了办公室。”“假如你的车坏了会怎么样?”

【难点】what if 意为“倘使…将会怎样”，由其构成的虚拟条件句通常用过去时表示将来，用过去完成时表示过去时，本句意在表达与过去事实相反，所以条件句子中谓语动词必须采用D)。

10．D)【句意】如果那时天气更好一点的话，现在庄稼长得会更好。

【难点】此句为一错综时间条件句。本句中的从句表达与过去事实相反的一个假设，按照常规虚拟语气句的要求，主句中的谓语动词应为would have grown，表达与过去事实相反；但主句实际要表达的是与现在事实相反，所以谓语动词应为would be growing。

11．D)【句意】在冷冻法发明前，鱼和肉的保存是个棘手的问题。

【难点】preservation 意为“保存，防腐”；keeping 意为“保存；保留”，maintaining 意为“维持；保持；使继续；”protection意为“保护，防护”。

12．B)【句意】有东西突然一动，引起了小马的注意，他立刻警觉起来，变得多疑。

【难点】suspicious 意为“猜疑的，多疑的”，后接of，about ;doubtful 意为“不确知的；

怀疑的”，常与about 和of连用；suspecting和hesitating是现在分词，不合本句句意。

13．B)【句意】学生实习当老师的第一年，常常参观当地学校，观察课是怎么上的。

【难点】observation意为“观察；监视”；investigation 意为“调查，调查研究”；inspection 意为“检阅，检查”；observance意为“观察，注意”，不常用。

14．D)【句意】我很高兴你同意调查这件事。

【难点】look into 意为“调查”；look up 意为“(在词典，参考书中）查找”；look for 意为“寻找”；look over 意为“查看，参观”。

15．B)【句意】由于医院停电，那位外科医生不得不取消手术。

【难点】call off 意为“取消”；call for 意为“需要，需求”；call on 意为“号召，呼吁”；call out 意为“召唤…行动”。

16．D)【句意】从古代起，尼罗河谷就被泛滥的河水变成一片沃土。

【难点】fertile 意为“肥沃的，富饶的”；famous 意为“出名的”；deserted 意为“无人居住的，荒废的”；attractive意为“有吸引力的”。

17．A)【句意】经理根据她说的话作了个有远见的决定。

【难点】in the light of 意为“根据”；in the course of 意为“在…期间，在…过程中”；in favor of 意为“赞同，支持”；in the face of意为“在…面前，面对…”。

18．D)【句意】每户每月只有权买五磅肉。

【难点】entitle 意为“把权利给某人”，常用被动语态，后接动词不定式或to+动名词；avail 意为“有助于，有用于”；allocate 意为“分配，分派”；endow 意为“赋予；资助，向…捐钱”，后接with。

19．D)【句意】我们搜集到的有关那个案件的所有信息几乎不起任何作用。

【难点】add up to意为“总计，共达”，add up to very little 意为“几乎不起作用”；come up to 意为“等于，比得上；达到（标准等）”；make up for 意为“补偿；弥补”；stand up for 意为“支持”。

20．B)【句意】经理对增产感到很满意。

【难点】output 意为“产量”；outcome意为“结果；成果”；outset 意为“开始，起初”；outlet 意为“发泄（情感），销路，出口”。

21．B)【句意】窗帘才挂上几个月，可现在已严重褪色。

【难点】fade 意为“褪色，衰退，变弱”；shade 意为“遮蔽，覆盖”；faint意为“晕倒，昏厥”；wither 意为“（草木）枯萎；凋谢”。

22．D)【句意】你要是感觉那把椅子太硬，我就给你拿一个坐垫。

【难点】cushion 意为“垫子，坐垫”；pillow 意为“枕头；mat意为“席子”；comforter意为“被褥”。

23．B)【句意】只有领班受过一些专业酒店培训，所以服务质量特差，工作效率特低。

【难点】training 意为“训练，教育，培训”；learning意为“学习”；teaching意为“教学，讲授”；instructing 意为“指导，指令”。

24．A)【句意】弗莱得不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油，因为他喜欢清淡的食物。

【难点】plain 意为“（食物等）素净的，清淡的”；simple 意为“简朴的，朴素的”；natural 意为“自然的，天然的”；ordinary 意为“普遍的，惯常的”。

25．A)【句意】经济学家对欧洲的经济前景不抱乐观态度。

【难点】outlook意为“展望，前景”；insight意为“远见；洞察力”；opinion 意为“意见，看法，主张”；attitude 意为“态度，看法”。

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