必修三Unit1知识点

Unit 1

1. mean的用法

1）mean to do意欲做 e.g. I didn’t mean to hurt you.

2）mean doing意味着 e.g. Missing the train means waiting for another hour.

3) be meant for 适合做

e.g. He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school.

means 方式，方法，途径

by all means 当然可以，没问题by no means 绝不

by means of 借助……手段；依靠……方法

练习：他说他不适合读书因为懒。He says he _______a student for his laziness.

这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Failing this exam _______________another one. 我并不是故意迟到的。I didn’t ____________ be late for schoo l.

2. celebrate vt. & vi.

(1) 庆祝；祝贺celebrate Christmas / one’s birthday / a victory (成功)

(2) 赞扬；称颂 e.g. The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.

词语辨析：celebrate, congratulate

celebrate表示“庆祝”后常接日期,事情或场合，表示“赞扬”时，宾语可以是人，也可是物。

congratulate后常接人，表示向某人祝贺congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth.

congratulations (to sb) on sth/ doing sth.

3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态，主语为所发生的事。词语辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比较

1)take place“发生,举行”侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思

e.g. Great changes have taken place in China in the past 10 years.

2) happen “发生”常指具体客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生。happen还可以表示“碰巧发生了什么事”常构成sb/sth. happens to do或It happens that…

e.g. It happened to rain that day.

The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday.

3）occur “发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occur to 有“想起”的意思。

e.g. A good idea occurred to me.

4）break out (火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发

e.g. The Second World War broke out in 1939.

5）come about “发生”, 往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近

e.g. How does it come about that you were caught by the police?

练习：用take place , happen 和come about 的正确形式填空

1.The May 4th Movement _____________ in 1919.

2.If anything ___________ to the machine, let me know at once.

3.The opening day of the play ___________ tomorrow night.

4.Can you tell me how it ___________?

4.starve: vt.使饿死vi.饿得要死starve to death

be starved of/ starve for: 渴望n. starvation饿死：die of starvation

e.g. The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection.

练习：他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。They got lost in the desert and _______________. 他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。They are ___a sum of money to finish their work.

5. honor 1) n. 光荣，荣誉；光荣的人或事情

e.g. They fight for the honor of the country.

Liu Xiang is an honor to our country.

2) 尊敬,给以荣誉（v） e.g. Children should honor their parents.

3) in honor of 为了纪念do sb. honor/ do honor to sb. 向某人致敬

on one’s honor 以人格担保have the honor of doing/ to do sth. 有幸做…

6. satisfy vt. / vi.使满意，使满足

e.g. Nothing can satisfy him except the best.

Some people are really hard to satisfy.

sb. be satisfied with 对…满意 e.g. She’s not satisfied with her new house.

令人满意的: satisfying, satisfactory 满意：satisfaction

7. harm n./v. 损害；伤害

do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sb 反：do sb good

e.g. He meant no harm to you.

The events has harmed the relations between the two countries.

8.in memory of 为纪念

e.g. The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.

in praise of 歌颂in charge of 负责；掌管in search of 寻找

in favor of 支持in celebration of庆祝in support of 支持

in place of 代替in case of 如果；万一

9. They offer food, flowers and gift….

词语辨析：offer, provide, supply

offer 主动提供。offer sth to sb/ offer sb sth

provide 供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。provide sth (for sb)/ provide sb with sth. supply: 供应（所需要或所要求之物）。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth

练习：When I meet difficulty, my roommates will _____me help.

They _______a reward for the return of the lost jewels.

The government need to _________these old people with food and clothes. Electricity should be _________enough every month.

10. dress up 盛装打扮；装扮，装饰

e.g. You don’t have to dress up. Come as you are.

Children love dressing up in Halloween.

dress vt. 给…穿衣dress oneself/ sb. 给自己/某人穿衣表示动作

be dressed in…表示状态

11.play a trick on sb.= play tricks on sb.捉弄某人；开某人的玩笑

相近短语：make fun of 取笑，捉弄laugh at 嘲笑make a fool of愚弄play a joke with= joke with和某人开玩笑

trick vt. trick sb into sth./ doing sth. 诱使某人干某事

trick sb. out of sth. 从某人处骗走某物

12 award n. 奖品，奖项，奖金

e.g. She showed us the awards she had won.

vt. 授予; 判定award sb sth= award sth to sb

e.g. The judges awarded both teams equal points.

award “奖，奖品，奖金”, 侧重经过正式裁定而得到的

prize “奖，奖金”, 指在比赛中获胜或有特殊贡献时所得的奖励

reward 回报,报酬

13. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕

admire sb/sth (for …)为某事钦佩某人e.g. I admire him for his success in business. admiration n. admirable adj.

14. look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing盼望，期待

e.g. I’m looking forward to his coming.

以下短语中的to也为介词，后面加doing，而不是do

pay attention to 注意devote…to 致力于prefer to 更加喜欢get down to 开始做be used to 习惯于

15. as though= as if 好像，仿佛（其引导的从句中的谓语动词即可用陈述语气，

也可用虚拟语气）

1)虚拟语气（其谓语若与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，be动词用were；若与

过去事实相反，则用过去完成时）

e.g. He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened.

He talks as if/though he knew everything.

2). 陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气）

e.g. It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.

He waved to me as if to tell me something.

16. custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指个人生活习惯。customs关税

practice 习俗，惯例; 与custom近义，但含贬义。

make a practice of …惯常做某事。

habit 个人生活习惯，后接of doing, 不可接不定式。

break a custom 打破习俗follow/keep up a custom 遵从、遵守习俗

manners and customs 风俗习惯

customs 付关税pass/go through the customs通关

用custom, practice 和habit填空

1)I have the _______ of getting up early.

2)It is the ________ for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall.

3)Social ___________ differ from country to country.

4)He makes a _________ of cheating at examinations.

5)We should pay _______ when we import from abroad.

17. permission n. 准许；许可；批准

give permission (for sth./ sb. to do sth.) 准许（某事/某人干某事）

without permission 未经许可with one’s permission 经某人的许可

ask sb. for permission 请求某人准许give sb. permission to do sth准许某人做某事permit vt.&vi.允许；准许n. 许可证；特许证

permit sb. sth/ permit sb to do sth./ permit doing sth

18. turn up 1) appear 出现；到场

他到目前还没有出现。He __________________so far.

2)调大声音，把...开大点儿

请把火调大一点。Please _________ the fire.

相关短语: turn down拒绝turn off关掉turn on 打开

turn out 结果是turn in 上交turn to 转向；翻到；求助于19. keep one’s word守信用, 遵守诺言break one’s word 违背诺言

keep a promise遵守诺言make a promise 做出承诺

carry out a promise 履行诺言break a promise 违背诺言

in a word 简言之in other words 换句话说

have a word with sb. 与某人交谈

have words with sb. (about sth.) 关于某事与某人争吵

20. hold one’s breath屏息

e.g. The girl held her breath at the sight of the snake.

take breath呼吸lose one’s breath= b e out of breath喘不过气来

breathe v. breath n.

21. apologize 道歉

apologize to sb for (doing) sth = say sorry to sb for doing sth

e.g. You must apologize to the teacher for being so rude.

apology n.make an apology to sb for (doing) sth.

22. wipe (wiped, wiped) vt 擦，擦去

wipe off抹掉，擦掉wipe out 消灭；扫除wipe up擦干净

wipe the words off the blackboard

23. remind sb. of sth 提醒某人某事

remind sb. to do sth / remind sb. th at…

1) 他提醒我那个承诺。He reminded me of my promise.

2) 他提醒我要早起。He reminded me to get up early.

3) 他提醒我本应该小心点。He reminded that I should have been more careful. 24.As Li Fang set off for home, he thought...

set off: 动身, 出发; (侧重去某一个地方）；使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸;

e.g. Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.

The bomb set off among the crowd.

相关短语：set about doing sth. =set out to do sth 着手（做某事）

语法：情态动词

may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.

一、can, could 和be able to的用法

1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”

Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人

She can/be able to sing the song in English.

This machine can make you feel comfortable.

2.can只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。

We’ll be able to finish the work soon./ I ha ven’t been able to see the film.

could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如：

I could read when I was four.

Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened. She ran fast but she couldn’t /wasn’t able to catch the bus.

3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用

was/were able to，不能用could。

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.

He was able to swim halfway before he got tired.

4.could不表示时态,表示委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。

Could I have a look at your notebook?

Yes, you can./No, you can't.

5.表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信”的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中)

Can this news be true?

How can you be so foolish?

It can’t be Mary. She has fallen ill.

6.表示推测，译为“可能、或许”，can常用于否定句(意思是"不可能已经")和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外,还可用于肯定句(意思是"那时可能;本来可以")。

Linda didn’t catch the train. She could have caught it.

Don't worry. They could have just forgotten to phone.

二、may和might

1. may和might 用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求,肯定回答用may,否定用mustn’t ---May I use your pencil?

---Yes, you may./ No, you mustn’t.

2. may和might表示“可能性”, may/might + v 指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。might暗示的可能性更小

She may not be working now. John might be at home now.

3.对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用may/might have done,用might比用may 的可能性更小

She may/might have gone to the cinema.

They may/might not have received our telephone.

4.may 放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。

May you succeed! May God bless you!

三、Will 和would

1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称

If you will help me with my English, I will be very happy.

I promised that I would do my best.

2.在疑问句中,will用于第二人称,表示请求或征求意见,would则语气更委婉

Will you tell him the news as soon as he comes back？

Would you please speak again more slowly？

四、shall ,should 和ought to

1.shall用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。

You shall do as I say. (命令)

Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺)

Nothing shall stop me doing it. (决心)

2.在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。

Shall I open the window for you？（征求意见）

Shall he fetch some water for you？（请求）

3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责

任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to。

e.g. Young people should learn how to use computers.

Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.

4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到…但没有做到…”,用于否定则表示“本不该…但”ought to的语气更强烈.

You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier.

She shouldn’t have left without saying a word.

五、must 和have to

1.Must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用needn’t或don’t have to，做“不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”

— Must I finish all assignments at a time?

—Yes, you must./ No, you needn't.

You mustn’t get down while the car is still moving.

2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must 和have to 稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have to 强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。

I don’t like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.

3.must表示对某人某事的猜测，作“准是”，“一定”，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done

You must be the new teacher.

He must be joking. There is nobody here. They must have all gone home.

4. Must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情

He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite。EXERCISES

1.---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.

---It ____a comfortable journey. ( )

A. can't be

B. mustn't have been

C. shouldn't be

D. couldn't have been

2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___ get out. ( )

A. had to

B. would

C. could

D. was able to

3. Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sur e.

A.must

B. can

C. may

D. will

4. --- Could I call you by your first name? --- Yes, you____.

A. will

B. could

C. can

D. might

5. Sorry, I ’m lat e. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

A.might

B. should

C. can

D. will

6.--Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.

--You ____ have my computer if you don’t take car e of it.

A. shan’t

B. might not

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

7. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night.

A. mustn’t go

B. could have gone

C. shouldn’t go

D. shouldn’t have gone

8.Johnny, you ______play with the knife, you ____hurt yourself. ( )

A. won't ; can't

B. mustn't ; may

C. shouldn't ; must

D. can't ; wouldn't

9. I missed the bus, so I ___ go home on foot.

A. must

B. may

C. can

D. had to

第一单元检测

一、选词填空：

worldwide/ permission/ apologize/ drown/sadness/ wipe/weep / forgive/ obvious/ turn up/ keep one’s word/ hold one’s breath/ set off/ remind…of…

1) You shouldn’t tell such lies.

2) They entered the area without .

3) The poor man is his sorrows.

4) His fame is .

5) The man should to you for knocking you down.

6) He can’t himself for not seeing his mother before she died.

7) He is always waiting for something to .

8) The children are fireworks in the garden.

9) You may depend on what he says, for he is a person who always .

10) The race was so close that everyone was at the finish.

11) The film him what he had seen in China.

二、选用下列单词的正确形式填空：

ancestor belief gather agricultural admire

award starve mean

1.She has been _______ a scholarship to study at Harvard.

2. The _______ of whom I am proudest is my great grandfather.

3. When a boy leaves college and begins to earn money, he can live a life of ____________.

4. Dark clouds were ________ in the sky. Heavy rain would come soon.

5. I like to take some ________ exercise at weekends.

6. __________ in this country has developed greatly after liberation.

三、用下列短语造句：

in memory of dress up as if play a trick on look forward to day and night have fun with

1. A celebration was held ________________________(为了纪念这位著名的作家).

2. Children love __________ (打扮) .

3. The naughty students ______________________ (正在和他们的老师玩恶作剧).

4. I am ___________________________ (盼望着见到他).

5. The three men took turns driving the truck, and__(他们夜以继日地驾驶了三天).

6. It looks _____________________ __________________ (好像他们都很着急).

7. At the Spring Festival in China, people love to get together to eat, drink and _____________________ (彼此都玩得很开心).

人教版高中语文必修三【知识梳理】讲解

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