航海英语听力与会话

航海英语听力与会话

问答题参考答案

第一章．公共用语

1. what is your date of birth? My birth is the 4th of October 197

2.

2. what is your seamen book number ? It is B396625.

3. where are you from? I am from yantai china.

4. what is your captains nationality? My captains is nationality is china .

5 . what do you think is the most important thing on board?

I think the most important thing on safe and efficient.

6. Which ports do you often call at? I often call at shanghai and Qingdao .

7. What is your favorite TV program? My favorite TV program is action moving.

8.what?s your favorite web site? My favorite web site is https://www.wendangku.net/doc/639675334.html,

9.what?s your favorite day of the week? Why? It is Sunday. it have a rest.

10.what?s your favorite kind of movie? My favorite movie is action movie.

11.what?s your favorite kind of music? My favorite music is light music.

12 what?s your favorite magazine? My favorite magazine is times.

13 . what is the population of your hometown ? The population of my hometown six millions .

14 what is the population of your country? . The population of my country is 1.3 billion.

15. what is best thing about your hometown ?

The best thing about my hometown is weather , it is not hotter in summer and not colder in winter .

16. what is the worst thing about your hometown ?

The worst thing about hometown is cost of living is too high .and living house

17. what?s your hometown like? My hometown is a middle city.

18. Do you have many disasters in your country which are caused by weather?

Y es , there are many disasters , earthquakes and typhoon.

19 what sports do you like to watch on TV? I like NBA

20 What do you think is the most popular sport in the world ?

I think basketball sport is the most popular sport in the world .

第三章靠离与锚泊业务

1. Can you list at least three mooring lines?

Y es, I can. They are head line, stern line, spring line and so on.

2. What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board?

Before the pilot comes on board the vessel, you should confirm the embarking place; stand by engine and get the pilot ladder and everything ready.

3. What is the maximum speed through the water that your ship can anchor without risking breaking the cable?

Generally speaking, the maximum speed is less than 2 knots, but for VLCC it is less than 0.5 knots.

4. What flag should be hoisted when a vessel requires a pilot?

Flag G should be hoisted.

5. How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival?

By telex or VHF.

6. What ship?s particulars will pilot station usually ask for?

The ship?s identity, LOA, nationality, ETA, maximum draft and so on.

7. What kind of things should be reported to the pilot station?

The ship?s identity, LOA, nationality, ETA, maximum draft and so on.

8. What should be confirmed from the pilot station?

Time and place for picking up the pilot.

9. When the vessel enters the VTS area, what is requested to report?

Ship?s name, call sign, present maximum draft, last port and next port and so on. 10. What does “foul anchor” mean?

It means crossing anchor, that is to say the anchor has its own cable twisted around it.

11. If you are ordered stand by both engines, how should you reply and report?

I should reply: Stand by both engines and then report: both engines stand by.

12. Can you list 3 famous canals in the world?

Y es, I can. Panama canal, Suez canal and Kiel canal.

13. When you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF communication what do you say?

Stand by on Channel 16.

14. How to rectify the mistake in maritime VHF communication?

Say “mistake”, followed by the word “correction”and the corrected part of the message.

15. How to give an emphasis on the important part of a message in maritime VHF communication?

Say “repeat”, followed by the corresponding part of the message.

16. What does “abandon vessel” mean?

The crew and passengers receive the order from a captain for leaving the ship in case of imminent danger or distress.

17. What is the meaning of ETD stand for?

It stands for estimated time of departure.

18. What does “dredging of an anchor” mean?

Moving of an anchor over the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel. 19. What does “underway” mean?

The ship is not at anchor, aground, or made fast to the shore.

20. What does “dragging of an anchor” mean?

Moving of an anchor over the sea bottom involuntarily because it is no longer preventing the movement of the vessel.

21. What is the difference between radar beacon and radar reflector?

Radar beacon, when triggered by a ship?s radar signal, transmits a reply which

provides the range and bearing to the beacon on the PPI display of the ship. While Radar reflector is metal device designed for reflecting strong echoes of impinging radar signals towards their source. It does not emit radio signals.

22. How many objects do you need to get a position using horizontal sextant angles? To obtain a fix using sextant angles you must use three fixed visual objects and those objects must be identifiable on the chart.

23. Why is a magnetic compass kept on board when a gyro compass is more accurate? On board the vessel, gyro compass need power supply, but magnetic compass don?t need. So according to the requirement of SOLAS, in case of the vessel is off-power, magnetic compass should be kept on board.

24. What do you report when the anchor has been heaved out of the ground and is clear of it?

I should report: anchor is aweigh and anchor is clear of bottom.

25. When preparing for anchoring, what must you do before releasing the bow stoppers?

Supply the power, stand by the anchor ball or light, test the windlass, put in gear, release the brake

26. Would you let go an anchor from the hawse pipe if the depth was 75 meters? No, we wouldn?t let go the anchor directly in that depth of water. It would damage the brake. We must slack out cable 5-10 meters above bottom by windlass and then let go.

27. Why must you consider ship?s speed and sea depth when you release the bow stoppers?

Because the length of the anchor chain slacked away from the chain stoppers depends on both the ship?s speed and the sea depth. The cable, which is too long in water, may be broken if the ship?s speed is too fast with the great inertia. If it is too short in water, the ship?s speed can?t be controlled by dragging anchor.

28. What must always be brought and placed close to the pilot ladder well before the pilot embarkation?

The lifebuoy with the life line, and at night, there should be a light.

29. Why is it dangerous to anchor in ice?

If anchored in ice, the ship may be trapped by the ice and it?s easy to drag anchor. 30. What flag is hoisted when the pilot has arrived on board?

Flag H should be hoisted.

第四章装卸作业

1. How many classes of dangerous cargoes are there according to the IMDG code? Can you list some?

Nine classes, such as explosive cargoes, flammable cargoes, poisonous cargoes, corrosive cargoes and so on.

2. What kind of cargo is classified as flammable cargo?

Cargo with its flashing point at 61℃or below shall be classified as the flammable cargo.

3. Please describe the general nature of general cargo?

Cargo that is easy for loading in general, non-specialized stowage areas or

non-standard shipping containers. Eg, boxes, barrels, bales crates, packages, bundles and pallets.

4. Please describe the general nature of bulk cargo

Bulk cargo consists of single cargo and is usually carried in loose without packages, such as ore, coal and so on.

5. What kind of cargo is canvas sling suitable for lifting?

A canvas sling is suitable for lifting bulk cargo, bagged cargo. Such as bags of grain, rice and so on.

6. What kind of cargo is chain sling suitable for lifting?

A chain sling is suitable for lifting general cargo like steel sheets, timbers and so on.

7. What kind of cargo is net sling suitable for lifting?

A net sling is suitable for lifting general cargo in pieces.

8. What does the abbreviation COW stand for?

It stands for Crude Oil Washing.

9. What does “jettison of cargo” mean?

To throw goods overboard in order to lighten the vessel or improve its stability in case of an emergency

10. What does “compatibility of goods” mean?

It means whether different goods can be safely stowed in the same hold without affecting each other.

11. What does the abbreviation SWL stand for?

It stands for Safe Working Load.

12. What does “shifting cargo” mean?

It means to move the cargo from one place to another place or to remove from its original place

13. What does “union purchase”mean?

A method of cargo handling by combing two derricks, one of which is fixed over the hatch, the other over the ship?s side.

14. What preparations shall be done before loading cargo?

Before loading cargo, holds should be cleaned and made ready for use and inspection. Stowage plan should be made also.

15. What is the loading capacity of your vessel?

Five thousand tons.

16. What cargo handling gear and equipment does our vessel have?

My vessel has deck cranes and derricks.

17. What can be used to remove spillage?

Oil spillage can be removed by oil absorbent, oil dispersants, skimmers and other oil-clearing materials.

18. What shall be ensured before entering the enclosed space?

Before entering the enclosed space, we should ensure ventilation and oxygen detection and see if the enclosed space is deficient in oxygen and contain flammable or toxic fumes, gases or vapors.

19. Please list some cargo papers

Shipping order, bill of lading, loading list, manifest and so on.

20. What must you wear when you enter an enclosed space?

We must wear breathing apparatus, helmet, gloves, safety shoes and safety line..

第五章航行

1. Why is it important to sound fog signal?

According to the regulations for preventing collision at sea, the fog signal can help vessels attract the attention of another vessel in restricted visibility and take proper action to avoid collision.

2. When would you sound the general alarm?

When the vessel is carrying out drills or in real emergency accidents.

3. When should an OOW notify the captain immediately for emergency ship-handling or complicated navigation? Please list some.

The OOW will notify the master the following conditions: equipment failure, distress call, heavy traffic, low visibility or at other critical moment.

4. How does the OOW assess risk of collision generally?

Risk of collision shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change; such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.

5. How should the relieving officer behave in case of a bridge maneuver already took place but has not been over?

The handing over must be deferred until the action is completed.

6. List the main items to be updated on the pilot card

It includes the particulars of the ship(including LOA, breadth, gross tonnage,draft), conditions of the facilities, shipboard manning, defects which might affect safe navigation or when and where will the pilot boat meet the vessel.

7. Besides the collision risks, what else should you monitor on watch in reduced visibility?

Navigation light, the compass, radar and the equipment on the bridge.

8. How do you know the VHF channels to be monitored when leaving port?

By asking the pilot and consulting Sailing Direction or Guide to Port Entry.

9. What should the captain expect from the OOW on arriving at the bridge?

The ship?s position, course, speed, a brief description of the most critical threat and the intended actions followed by a general summary of the situation.

10. Who should be in attendance when a pilot is on the ladder?

An officer with radio communication to the bridge. Another crewmember should also be in attendance in case of an emergency.

11. When would you instruct a lookout to assist you on the bridge?

When visibility is restricted, or in case of other difficult or emergent situations.

12. What effect will the general alarm have on all crew?

Warn the crew that there is emergency accident on board. On hearing the general alarm, all crewmembers should go immediately to their muster stations.

13. Why is record keeping a necessary part of watchkeeping?

Because the record may be requested to produce evidences in case of official inquires about accidents.

14. Apart from those for navigation safety, what else should you do on an anchor watch?

I will keep security watch, such as anti-piracy.

15. How would you conveniently, check the compass error in pilotage waters?

In pilotage waters, we can use leading mark to check the compass error.

16. If a sailing ship is overtaking a power-driven, who has the right of way?

Power-driven vessel.

17. A power-driven vessel is on a collision course with a fishing trawler, who has the right of way?

Fishing trawler

18. How many meters are there in a nautical mile?

1852 meters

19. If you travel from Panama to New Y ork, will your latitude increase of decrease? Increase

20. How many “position lines” are needed to make a position?

At least two lines.

21. Can you define the very important term “underway”?

The ship is not at anchor, aground or made fast to the shore.

22. Y ou observe a ship, during daytime, exhibiting three balls on the same halyard. What has happened?

Aground.

23. What does the abbreviation IALA stand for?

International Association of Lighthouse Authorities

24. Is it safe to pass north of a north mark?

Y es, it is.

25. Is it safe to pass north of a south mark?

No, it isn?t.

26. Does “variation” change due to ship?s position?

Y es.

27. Does “deviation” change due to ship?s position?

No.

28. When correcting charts, why must you use symbols and abbreviations from chart 5011?

Because they are used on Admiralty Charts

29. Y ou have purchased a new chart. Is it right ready for use?

No, it needs to be corrected.

30. What publication do you need to correct charts properly?

Notices to Mariners

31. What course in degrees corresponds to south-east?

135 degrees.

32. What is the angle between magnetic and true meridian called?

V ariation

33. Where can you always find information about the magnetic variation?

In the center of the compass rose, indicated by isogonic lines or in a note on the

chart.

34. When a ship picks up speed, will draught increase or decrease?

Increase

35. A ship ahead of you has hoisted the signal flag O, what has happened? Someone falls overboard.

第七章事故处理

1. What is your purpose to prepare the confirmation of collision occurrence to the captain of the other vessel?

To make the fact clear and avoid possible disputes.

2. What shall be usually attached to the report on the collision accident?

Abstract of logbook, witnesses and photo pictures if necessary.

3. When should a sea protest be submitted to and endorsed by the authorities concerned?

When heavy weather was encountered and either ship or cargo might have been damaged.

4. Generally speaking, which is responsible for the damage after a collision between a vessel moored and a vessel underway?

The vessel underway is responsible for the damage.

5. What is the sound signal to warn a vessel of the immediate danger of collision? Five short and rapid blasts.

6. What actions will you take after a collision with another vessel?

Coordinate actions between the two vessels, standby for rescue.

7. What does SOPEP mean?

Ship Oil Pollution Emergency Plan

8. Whom shall be reported to in case of an oil pollution incident?

The authorities of the coastal countries.

9. What?s the first step in handling the cargo damage caused by the stevedores? Report the incident to the chief officer and ask the foreman to confirm the cargo damage.

10. What anti-stowaway precautions should you take before the vessel sails from a port?

Patrol the ship and check all possible places.

11. What is your first response when you detect a fire?

Shout aloud to the crewmembers, sound fire alarm nearby, report to the bridge

12. What can be used to handle an oil spill?

Oil spillage control gear such as sawdust or sponge on other oil pollution preventing means.

13. What are the ways to refloat a grounded vessel?

Wait for high water, adjust the ballast and bunker or deballast, ask for the tug assistance or jettison some cargo if necessary.

14. Can you list some ways of correcting listing?

Y es, I can. 1) ballast or deballast to adjust the list 2) move from one place to another place 3) remove from its original place

15. As a chief officer, what is your responsibility in damage control operation?

I?m on scene commander.

16. What will you first do if you find some oil near your vessel while bunkering? Stop bunkering immediately.

17. What will you do first if a crewmember was seriously injured?

Provide first aid immediately and take some measures and ask for emergency medical assistance from shore or other ships if possible.

18. What will you do first if your vessel is under attack by pirates?

Sound the alarm and communicate with the coast station for assistance according to ISPS

19. If someone returns to the ship very drunk, should he be left alone to “sleep it off”? No, someone should be appointed to take care of him.

20. If you see a person collapsed who is in contact with electricity, what is the first thing you must do before attempting to switch off the supply?

We must separate him from the electricity with dry wood.

21. If you suspect someone has inhaled a dangerous substance what can you to help even if you are not trained?

We should keep him away from the dangerous substance and take him to the open air and ask for professional help.

22. In what circumstances do you give artificial respiration and mouth to mouth ventilation?

When breathing is stopped or the victim is suffering from shock.

23. How should you try to stop bleeding at first?

Press the wound directly with fingers.

24. If you suspect someone has been poisoned what is the first thing you should try to do?

Try to force him to vomit.

25. What is the most important thing to consider when treating a wound?

Stop bleeding and disinfect the wound.

第八章消防与船员自救

1. What kind of fire extinguishers can you use for an electric fire?

Carbon dioxide or dry chemical.

2. What cannot be used for an electric fire?

Water or foam.

3. What are the three components of fire?

Oxygen, fuel and ignition.

4. How often is a fire drill required to be carried out on cargo ships?

Once a month

5. What must you do first if you find a fire on board?

Sound the alarm and report to the bridge at once

6. What does the muster list show?

Crew?s station and duty in the fire-fighting and boat drills

7. What will you first do if you see a person fall overboard?

Throw a lifebuoy to him. Report to the bridge. Keep him in sight. Hard helm to the side on which the person falls overboard.

8. How often is a boat drill required to be carried out on board a cargo ship?

Once a month

9. Can you list at least three different kinds of fire extinguishers?

Carbon dioxide, water, foam or dry chemical.

10. In general, what parties are involved in a fire drill?

Fire-fighting party, separation party, rescue party

11. Where should fire control plan be located?

In the corridor of the main deck and in the water-tight boxes marked fire control plan on the outside corridor of the living space

12. How often will the lifeboat be launched into water?

Once every three months

13. What does “retreat signal” mean?

Retreat signal means sound, visual or other signal to a team ordering it return to its base

14. What is “general alarm signal”?

General alarm is an emergency alarm for collision, grounding, flooding and so on. 15. What does “ fire patrol” mean?

Patrol to find the sign of fire

16. What is “damage control team”?

Damage control team is a group of crew to fight against the potential damage to the ship?s hull due to collision, grounding and flooding.

17. How do you check fixed installation?

By weighing, air-blowing and testing the pressure of the cylinder once every two years.

18. Can you list two main reasons for electrical fire?

Short circuit, overload, wire aging and so on

19. What is the minimum number of motor lifeboats fitted on board?

200﹪of the number of crew on cargo vessels. 100﹪of the number of passengers on passenger ships.

20. Could you list some apparatus in an open lifeboat?

Compass, sea anchor, fire axes, radar reflector, certain amount of food and fresh water and so on

21. Would a cargo with a high “flash point” be of more concern to you than one with a low flash point?

No, I would be of more concern a cargo with a low flash point.

22. What is meant by “starving a fire”?

It means smothering the fire by cutting off the supply of oxygen

23. Before you enter into an “enclosed space”, what safety precautions should you take?

First ventilate the enclosed space fully, then check the oxygen concentration and see whether there is toxic gas.

24. What is supposed to be transferred over the international shore connection? Water for fire-fighting purpose

25. If a person who has no authority to be on board attempts to enter the ship, where

should he be stopped?

He should be stopped at the gangway.

26. How often should an “emergency fire pump” be tested?

At least once a month.

27. What is the most effective fire extinguisher for the galley on board ship?

Foam

28. For ship at sea, what is the general procedure to follow for fires in cargo holds? Sound the alarm. Take proper measures according to the state of the fire. If the fire is no serious, put it out directly. If the fire is serious, cut off the ventilation immediately and then put out the fire with fixed carbon dioxide extinguisher after that don?t open the hatch in case of ignition.

29. What is the absolute minimum number of lifejackets required on board ship? Besides everyone should be carried a lifejacket, the persons on duty on the bridge and in the engine room should be supplemented enough lifejackets.

30. Y ou are a survivor at sea when a SAR (search and rescue) aircraft drops a red container. What is in it?

Life saving equipment.

第九章救助

1）what does “initial course” mean in search and rescue operation?

Course directed by the OSC or other authorized person to be steered at the beginning of a search.

2)what does “jettison of cargo” mean?

To throw goods overboard in order to lighten the vessel or improve its stability in case of an emergency.

3)what is the difference between “heel and list”

Heel means an inclination to port or to starboard due to outside reason such as strong wind, current ,etc. list means an inclination to port or to starboard due to inside reasons such as loading, discharging, etc.

4)what does “EPIRB”stand for? Emergency position indicating radio beacon.

5)what does SAR stand for? Search and rescue.

6)what is INMARSAT short for? International maritime satellite organization.

7)what does UTC stand for? Universal time coordinated.

8)what does RCC stand for? Rescue coordination center.

9)what is SART? Search and rescue transponder.

10)can you list three or more search patterns? They are expanding square search pattern, sector search pattern, parallel search pattern, ship/aircraft coordinate search pattern.

11)what does a “hampered vessel” mean?

A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver by the nature of her work.

12)what does MMSI stand for? Maritime mobile service identification.

13)what is “muster list??? A emergency pan including both abandoning

vessel and fire fighting.

14)what does OSC stand for? On scene commander

15)what does vhf stand for? V ery high frequency

16)what is the sound alarm for abandoning vessel? Seven short blasts and one prolonged blasts.

17)when will a parallel sweep search usually be used?

Two or more vessels, when searching a large area or where only approximate location is known.

18)when will a sector search pattern usually be used?

A single vessel, when the position of the target is known with reasonable accuracy, but the target is small.

19) when will the expanding square search pattern usually be used?

A single vessel, when searching a small area with last position of the targer known.

20)list some visual and audible distress signals for attracting attention when in distress.

Smoke signal, rocket parachute flare signal,hand flare signal,a continuous sounding with any fog signaling apparatus .

21)would you please pronounce the correct international code words for “A”,B,C,D? Alfa,bravo,charlie and delta

22)by regulation, what is the minimum amount of water required per person in the lifeboat?

Three liters

23)?smothering?is a way of dealing with fire. how does it work? It cuts off the supply of oxygen

24)what reason would you think is justified for postponing the fire drill to a more suitable time?

On the occasions when fire drills are not suitable to be carried out ,such as when the weather is bad or when the vessel is in the congested water area.

25)a ship anchored close to your ship hoists the flag …i?what action should you take? Keep a lookout and take relevant collision avoidance.

26)what altitude must a “rocket parachute flare”reach to comply with regulation? Not less than 300m.

27)what action would you take if you were on duty on deck and you observe oil leaking from the ship?s side? Stop all oil or bunkering operations and report to .master and authorities concerned.

28)when would you need a “resuscitator??

when a person is unconscious and not breathing, in order to keep him oxygenated and alive,we would need it

29)a ship ahead hoists the flag …d ?and gives one long blast followed by two short blasts. What is the message?

It indicates that the ship has difficulty in steering and warns the others to keep clear of her.

30)what does 2182khz mean to you?

It is a frequency in the MF band used in distress alerting and safety calling.

第十章遇险

1）what does MAYDAY mean in marine communications?

It means the vessel is in distress or in critical danger.

2) what should be included in MAYDAYmessages?

It may include the vessel?s name, call sign, position, nature of distress, the accurate assistance she needs, and so on.

3) what does PAN-PAN mean in marine communications?

It means information or warning may be very urgent indeed and should be prefix with pan-pan,pan-pan.

4) what does SECURITE mean in marine communications?

It means messages concern safety of navigation.

5)what are passengers advised to put on while abandoning the vessel?

The passengers are advised to put on lifejackets.

6)what is the general emergency alarm?

Seven blasts and one prolonged blast.

7)can you give a briefing on how to put on lifejackets?

Put it on and tie fast with the reflection belt outside, and check if the whistle and self-igniting light in good order.

8)what can be used to attract attention after abandoning the vessel? By smoking signals, whistles,etc.

9)how many portable radios must be fitted on a survival craft? Three

10)what is the minimum requirement for a line-throwing appliance?

Each set line-throwing appliance should include not less than 4 projectiles each capable of carrying the line at least 230m in calm water,and 4 lines each having a breaking strength of not less than 2KN

11)if you should fall overboard, what would you do ? you should swim outward quickly and avoid the ship?propellers

12)can you list some risks to crew while abandoning vessels?

There are some risks such as shortage of food and fresh water, the fuel oil of lifeboat,the crew?strength and healthy conditions.

13)where are explosions most commonly encountered on board ship? .

In the engine room ,holds with flammable or explosive cargo,rooms full of flammable gases,such as paint locker,galley,etc.

14)how is it possible to find safety equipment in a room full of smoke?

Y ou should lower down your body and cover you mouth and nose with wet towels. 15)what type of oil is used in certain rescue operations to prevent the seas breaking ? Storm oil ,such as vegetable oil ,fish oil

16)coastal radio stations keep a constant watch on distress frequencies. What frequencies are they?

2187.5khz,8414.5khz, VHF CH70 etc.

17)a ship is signaling you with his …aldis lamp?(morse lamp)the letter …u?.what is the message for you?

I am running into danger

18)when launching an inflatable liferaft into the sea ,what is it most important to

secure?

Inflation line

19)what type of engine must a lifeboat have? Diesel engine

20)why should you not take high protein food with you in a lifeboat?

Lack of fresh water

21)if you are in a lifeboat without an imminent prospect of being rescued, how soon should you issue food and water?

In 24 hours after abandoning ship .Fresh water 0.5 litre each day,food 0.5kg each person.

22)when there is a muster for an emergency there are several things that must be closed.give three examples.

Watertight doors,fire doors and ventilators must be closed.

23)in tidal waters what would be the best time to?beach?the ship in an emergency?

At high water

24)if you see a small, controlled fire on board another ship while at sea, what is the signal from the ship?

The ship is in distress and needs assistance.

25)what should be done to make sure that medicines are on board each lifeboat?

The third officer should check regularly the midicines on board of each lifeboat.

26)if you have no rockets, flags, signals or radio ,how can you indicate to a ship in sight that you need assistance?

By body language,smoking,fire ,reflecting mirror,etc.

27)if the anchor is reported dragging, what would be your first action?

Y ou shoulk notify the captain and stand by the engine to drop another anchor according to the captain?s order.

第十一章港口国检查

1)can you list some items to be checked for load line requirements in psc inspections? The validity of load line certificate, the compliance of the draft, plimsoll mark.

2)Can you list some items to be checked for navigational equipment in psc inspections?

The working condition of ARPA gyro, magnetic compass, steering gear.

3)Can you list some items to be checked for lift-saving appliances in psc inspections? The lifeboats and their riggings, life buoys, life rafts, lifejackets, signals and the record of life saving drills.

4)Can you list some items to be checked for fire-fighting arrangement in psc inspections?

The fixed carbon dioxide fire fighting system, extinguishers, fire mains, fire hose, nozzle, international shore connectors and the record of fire fighting drills.

5)Can you list some items to be checked for radio equipment in psc inspections? Radio safety equipment certificate, radio license, the working and checking record of EPIRB,SART,DSCandVHF,etc.

6)Can you list some items to be checked for accommodation in psc inspections?

The sanitary condition of galley, cabins, accommodation area, refrigerating store and

provisions store, etc.

7)Can you list some items to be checked for MARPOL&Chemical in psc inspections? The record of garbage, oily water, bilge managing; the spillage control gear; IOPP, SOPEP,etc.

8)Can you list some items to be checked for hull,machinery&cargo gear in psc inspections?

Classification certificate, cargo ship safety construction certificate, cargo ship safety equipment certificate, etc.the water-tightness of hull, deck and hatch covers, etc.

9)What are the key items to be checked within your duties onboard?

The expiry of the certificates, the deficiencies of main equipment, hull and deck water-tightness, life saving and fire fighting equipment and pollution preventing programs etc.

10)What?s the meaning of your ship?s name? Identification

11)What?s the call sign of your ship? BXRK

12)What?s the ship?s nationality? China

13)What?s your IMO number of your ship? 123456

14)Which classification society was your ship registered? CCS

15)What type is your vessel? Banker

16)When was your ship built with? 2001 17)When was your ship put into use? 2002

18)When was your ship registered in CCS? 1998

19)When was last survey carried out? 1999

20)Where should the muster lists be exhibited on board? In conspicuous places throughout the ship ,such as bridge , engine room, mess room ,corridor

21)What does the proper care of the ship?s food services and supplies involve?

Food which are not easy to be perishable can be stowed in the kitchen.but perishable food such as meat,vegetable or fruit should be stowed in the refrigerating store.

22)What are the duties of the galley crew and others in the stores department? Sanitory condition galley,refrigerating store and provisions store etc.

23)What are the requirements of the heating system of crew accommodation space?

It must be away from flammable materials.the temperature must be proper for human bodies.

24)What are the minimal standards for natural lighting in the living rooms of the crew?

It should enable a person with natural eyesight to read newspapers at any parts of the living rooms in clear day

25)What are sufficient grounds to stop cargo operation? The cargo can?t meet the requirement or heavy weather or there is something wrong with cargo handling equipment.

26)What does the effectiveness of life-saving appliances depend on?

The feature and validity of the equipment,and regular maintenance

27)What is the special attention of the ship with respect to the carriage of solid bulk cargoes?

Stability and strength

28)What relevant provisions should the responsible crewmembers be familiar with? SMS documents COLREG SOLAS MARPOL SOPEP

29)What should be taken into account in judging the suitability of oil for crude oil washing?

According to the types of oil.

30)What?s your ship?s name in your language? Hua tong hai

31)What?s your maximum permitted draft? 7.5meter 32)Who is your ship owner? COSCO

33)What working language do you use? English and Chinese

第十二章ISPS系统

1)what does sso stand for? It stands for the ship security officer.

2)What does ssp stand for? It stands for the ship security plan.

3)What does doc stand for? It stands for the document of compliance.

4)What does ssas stand for? It stands for the ship security alarm system

5)What does cso stand for? It stands for Company security officer

6)What does issc stand for? It stands for International ship security certificate.

7)What does csr stand for? It stands for continuous synopsis record.

8)Can you list some restricted areas onboard?

Areas such as, the bridge, main engine room, steering compartment, cargo areas, and other control station.

9)Can you list some responsibilities of a ship security officer?

He is responsible for the security of the ship including arranging for training and drills, the implementation and marntenance of the ship security plan and keeping communication with the company security officer and port facility security officer. 10)Can you list some main ship security equipments?

Ship security alarm system, security lighting, automatic identification system, IMO Number.

11)Can you describe the general arrangements or responses to security level 1 as a ship security officer?

Monitor restricted areas, ensure only authorized personnel have access to these areas; monitor deck areas and the surrounding areas of the ship; monitor the handling of cargo and ship stores; ensure the security communication is available all the time. 12)Can you describe the general arrangements or responses to security level 2 as a ship security officer?

Detailed checking of cargo, assign additional personnel as security lookouts, limit number of accessing points, escort visitors on ship, carry out full or partial searches of ship ,etc

13)Can you describe the general arrangements or responses to security level 3 as a ship security officer?

Set up additional restricted areas, leave only one accessing point, keep unauthorized

personnel out, stop cargo operations, keep close co-operation with those responding to the incident and the port facility, etc.

14)Can you list some information relating to security that AIS can receive or transmit?

The ship name,course and speed, classification, call sign, registration number, MMSI, and other particulars.

15)How do you control the unauthorized boarding at gangway?

Standing gangway watch, denying any access of those without identified or proper reasons ,escorting visitors if necessary and notifying the SSO if in doubt.

16)What procedures or controls do you use to ensure security onboard before departure?

Inspect the entire ship, especially the security patrol area for any dangers or stowaways, report promptly any suspicion and implement relevant procedure. Each ship crew should confirm the inspection result.

17)What are the typical problems identified in security drills?

Damage to the cargo or essential ship equipment, unauthorized access to ship , including stowaways, attacks from seaward while at berth, at anchor or at sea,etc.

机工英语会话必考朗读篇

机工英语会话必考朗读 篇 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）

Passage 1(P10) It was Sunday, and the weather was sunny, I went to the countryside with my friends, There were green fields everywhere. We could see farmers working busily in the fields. Some children were playing under the trees. Suddenly, we saw a group of ducks enjoy themselves in the river. So we can ran over happily, but the ducks were frightened by the noise of us and hurried off. We all laughed. We were having a wonderful time and didn’t go home until very late. What a wonderful day we had! Passage 2(P10) I’m sorry to hear that you are not very well and feel unhappy. Here is my advice about how to keep healthy. A balanced diet can help you to eat a lot of vegetables, fruit and drink milk every day. And you should do more exercise, such as playing ball games, running, swimming and so on. Good food and exercise will be helpful. You also need enough sleep. It’s really important. What’s more, keep yourself happy. Try to smile everyday. I hope you will be better and enjoy your life. Passage 3(P10) I had a pleasant day last month. In the morning, I got up late and then began to do my homework. It took me about two

英语听力教学大纲

《英语听力》课程教学大纲 第一部分听力阶段 一、课程性质、课程目标与教学要求 听力课是英语教学中四项基本技能之一也是中国学生的一个难点。突破这个难关不仅有助于其它单项技能的训练同时也为培养学生的英语交际能力奠定一个良好的基础。听力课是英语专业的基础课目的是系统地训练和培养学生的英语视听和说的能力并在四年之通过专业四、八级考试。视听说能力是语言交际必不可少的手段之一也是中学教学中课堂教学的重要部分。因此培养具有一定听说能力并能用英语作为课堂教学语言的合格中学教师和相当水准的英语翻译人才是学院英语专业听力课程教学目的之所在。听力课是一门综合了语音、词汇、语法、惯用法、背景知识、记忆以及概括能力的学科它要求学生通过这门课的学习增长语言知识提高语言技能以及扩大知识面。听力课不同于书面语教学它要求学生注意力集中养成良好听力习惯提高英语语感包括音的辨别、句子结构的分析、容的判断乃至短期和长期记忆的提高等。 二、关于教材与学习参考书的建议 本课程所使用教材 1、 Listen This Way Book I II III IV 2、《听力教程》第一、二、三、四册主要参考书 1、《八级听力训练》. 2、《VOA听力教程》。 3、《BBC听力教程》 4、《托福听力基础教程》 5、《英语专业四级听写与听力理解》6、《TOEFL听力模考题精选》 7、《初级Listen to This》、《中级Listen to This》Listen This Way 这套教材涉略广泛攘括了家庭教育、环境保护、儿童理财等方方面面。但该套教材难度梯度区分不大特别是第一册的教材对于大一的新生来说难度偏大所以教学进度得放慢此外教师应适当补充难度较适合学生的材料如《初级Listen to This》、《托福听力基础教程》以便培养学生的学习兴趣、树立学生的自信心。《听力教程》这套教材学生普遍反映太难且每单元的容量颇大较适合大二以上学生使用建议为学生订一套难度接近Listen This Way的课外补充教材。 三、课程教学容纲要 第一学期 Unit 1 Can I Take a Message I 2学时 Unit 2 Can I Take a Message II 2学时 Unit 3 Clear or Cloudy 2学时 Unit 4 Can time More Backward 2学时 Unit 5 Flying In and Out. 2学时 Unit 6 By Bus or By Train 2学时 Quiz Unit 7 This Way or That Way 2学时 Unit 8 Cash or Cheque 2学时 Unit 9 Toward Better Health I 2学时 Unit 10 Toward Better Health II 2学时 Mid-term Exam Unit 11 The Interview’s Eye 2学时 VOA Special English 2学时 VOA Special English 2学时

航海英语听力与会话

1.Can you list at least three mooring lines Yes .They are head line, breast line, spring line, and stern line. 你能列举集中缆绳吗头缆，横缆，倒缆和尾缆 2.What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board The pilot ladder, a heaving line and a life buoy. 在引航员上船前要准备些什么引航梯，吊绳和救生圈。 How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival Through VHF. 在到港前船舶如何与港口取得联系通过甚高频。 What kind of things should be reported to the pilot station The ship’s present position, ETA at pilot station or anchorage. 什么信息需要报告给引航站船舶的当前位置，预计到达引航站或者锚地的时间。 What should be confirmed from the pilot station Pilot’s boarding time and place, the ship’s side where the pilot ladder will be put. 什么信息需要引航站确认引航员的登船时间，地点和安放引航梯的船舷。 When the vessel enters the VTS area, what I srequested to report Ship’s name and call sign, present course and speed, ETA at the pilot station, the reporting point that the vessel is passing. 在船舶进入交管区时，需要报告些什么船名，呼号，当前的航向和速度，预计到达引航站的时间，船舶正通过的报告点。 If you are ordered: “stand by both engines!” , how should you reply and report I should repeat “stand by both engines”, then report “both engines stand by”. 如果你被命令“备双车”，你该怎么复诵和报告我会复诵“备双车”，报告“双车备好”。Can you list 3 canals in the world Suez Canal, Panama Canal and Kiel Canal. 列举三大运河苏伊士运河，巴拿马运河和基尔运河。 When you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF communication, what do you say Stand by on VHF channel 16. 在甚高频通信中，当你要求接受者保持在16频道，你要怎么说在甚高频16频道收听。 What does “dredging of an anchor” mean It means moving an anchor over the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel. 拖锚是什么意思它是指有意的在海底拖锚移动，控制船舶的运动。 What does “ underway” mean It means a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or agroud. 在航是什么意思船舶不在拖锚，系岸或者搁浅的状态。 What the difference between a “ radar beacon” and a “radar reflector” Radar reflector is a passive device that can only enhance the aids’ability to reflect radar signals; however, radar beacon is an active device that can transmit a pulse for identification. 雷达信标和雷达反射器之间的区别 雷达反射器是一种被动的装置，只能加强设备反射雷达信号的能力；但是雷达信标是一种主动的装置，能发送识别脉冲。 What does “Abandon Vessel” mean It means to evacuate crew and passengers from a distressed vessel. 弃船是什么意思就是遇险后船员和旅客撤离船舶。

轮机英语5

require.async(['wkcommon:widget/ui/lib/sio/sio.js'], function(sio) { var url = 'https://https://www.wendangku.net/doc/639675334.html,/cpro/ui/c.js'; sio.callByBrowser( url, function () { BAIDU_CLB_fillSlotAsync('u2845605','cpro_u2845605'); } ); }); See you later. 再见。 See you. 再见。 Morning, Mr. Smith. 早上好，斯密斯先生。 Morning, Mr. Jones, You're really an early bird! Sit down please. 早上好约翰先生，你起得可真早啊，请坐。 Thank you，but I should make a tour first. 谢谢，但是我应先巡查一圈。 At 0050，the Duty Officer told us to stand by the engine because of fog. 在0050时，值班驾驶员通知因雾备车。 Yes，the fog was rather dense when I came down just now. 是的，雾在我刚才下来 时确实很浓。 At 0130，No. 4 fuel pump plunger was found stuck. 在0130时，发现 4号燃油泵柱塞咬 死。 No. 3 auxiliary engine isn't working normally. Shall we change it to No. 2 auxilia ry engine right now? 3号副机工作不正常，我们是否立刻改用2号副机？ You are right，but I must ask for instructions from the Chief Engineer. 你说得对，但是我必须征询一下轮机长的意见。 All right. 好吧。 I have got the permission. 轮机长已同意了。 OK. I'll start the engine. 好的，我去起 动2号副机。

机工英语模拟题-听力

值班机工英语听力与会话模拟题（一） 听力部分 一、词汇（每题3分，共10题，共计30分） 1. A. The sand shore. B. The deep sea. C. The sea coast. D. The stone. 2. A. Crankshaft. B. Camshaft. C. Tail shaft. D. Middle shaft. 3. A. Poppet valve. B. Non-return valve. C. Butterfly valve. D. Ball valve. 4. A. Motor room. B. Main engine. C. Auxiliary generator set. D. Fresh water generator. 5. A. Oily water separator. B. Oil separator. C. Fresh water generator. D. Turbocharger. 6. A. Telemotor. B. Telescope. C. Telephone. D. Telegraph. 7. A. Engine control room. B. Mess room. C. Workshop. D. Office room. 8. A. Ship listing. B. Ship grounding. C. Ship collision. D. Ship flooding. 9. A. How old are your pipe connections? B. What diameter are your pipe connections? C. Where are your pipe connections? D. What are your pipe connections? 10. A. Cross head engine. B. Tow-stroke engine. C. Generator. D. Four-stroke engine. 二、单句（每题3分，共10题，共计30分） 1. A. I have bought some vegetables. B. I have bought some meat. C. I have bought some fruits. D. I have bought some drinks. 2. A. I usually go to work by bus. B. I often go to work on foot. C. I never go to work on foot. D. I often go to work by bus. 3. A. I know the way to the workshop. B. I don’t know the way to the workshop. C. I don’t know the name of the workshop. D. I don’t know who knows the workshop. 4. A. All the people work in the engine room. B. Engineers and motormen are in the engine room. C. Engineers repair motors in the engine room.

英语听力课程教学大纲

英语听力课程教学大纲 课程编号： 一、说明 （一）课程性质 必修课 （二）教学目的 通过专门系统的、严格的听力技能训练，培养学生听力兴趣、听力理解能力和正确的听音方法，为他们今后使用英语进行交际和工作奠定坚实的基础。 （三）教学主要内容 英语数字、时间、新闻等。 （四）教学时数 128学时 （五）教学方式 在教学过程中坚持精听和泛听相结合，课内外相结合，循序渐进。 （六）适用对象 英语专业大一、大二学生 二、教学内容及安排 第一学期 Unit 1 Happy New Millennium 教学要点： 如何抓住听力内容大意。 教学时数： 4学时 教学内容： Part I: Warming up Part II: The time ball Part III: Word of the millennium Part IV: Short talks on Listening skills -- Focus on the Main Idea 考核要求： 掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。 Unit 2 Net Changes Life (1) 教学要点： 如何做笔记。 教学时数： 4学时 教学内容： Part I: Warming up Part II: Network Part III: Online shopping Part IV: Short talks on Listening skills -- Don’t Attempt to Write Too Much

掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。 Unit 3 Net Changes Life(2) 教学要点： 如何听取细节。 教学时数： 2学时 教学内容： Part I: Warming up Part II: Net changes dorm life Part III: Global multi-media giant Part IV: Language study and language appreciation 考核要求： 掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。 Unit 4 Colorful Lands, Colorful People (1) 教学要点： 如何听英语数字。 教学时数： 2学时 教学内容： Part I: Warming up Part II: In Brazil and France Part III: Life here and there Part IV: Short talks on listening skills -- Be Careful with Numbers 考核要求： 掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。 Unit 5 Colorful Lands, Colorful People (2) 教学要点： 如何听英语数字。 教学时数： 2学时 教学内容： Part I: Warming up Part II: The world’s six billionth inhabitant Part III: The biggest cities in the world Part IV: Language study and language appreciation 考核要求： 掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。 Unit 6 From Place to Place 教学要点： 如何听英语对话。 教学时数：

17《轮机英语听力与会话》课程标准汇总

《轮机英语听力与会话》课程标准 课程代码： 课程类型：理实一体课 课程性质：必修课 适用专业：轮机工程技术专业 总学时：84 一、课程性质与作用 《轮机英语听力与会话》是海洋船舶轮机工程技术〈轮机管理〉专业基础课程，是海船船员三管轮适任考试评估课程之一，是从事船舶机械设备运行、维护、安装、调试，航运部门机务管理必备的课程。 二、课程目标 1、课程总体目标：通过任务引导的项目活动，掌握海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约（STCW公约）关于轮机英语听力与会话的基本知识；使学生在公共英语和轮机基础英语教学的基础上，巩固、扩大学生的英语基础；培养学生在工作中的英语听说能力；并满足国家海事局对海船三管轮适任标准的要求和航运企业对操作级轮机员的英语技能要求。 2、课程具体目标 1）知识目标： （1）熟悉日常用语；熟悉接待PSCO、验船师、物料商、船东代表用语；熟悉船东面试时用语； （2）掌握机舱日常业务日常用语、驾机联系日常用语、应急情况用语；掌握对外业务联系用语及PSC/ISM检查日常用语。 2）能力目标 （1）具备用英文接待PSCO、验船师、物料商、船东的能力。 （2）具备用英文交流机舱日常业务、驾机联系的能力。 （3）具备用英文处理船舶应急情况的能力。 （4）具备用英文对外业务联系的能力。 3）素质、情感目标 （1）具备良好的职业道德、工作责任心和吃苦耐劳的品质。具备服从意识与团队协作精神，具有良好的语言表达能力尤其是英语表达能力和涉外事务的处理能力。

（2）具有良好的行为习惯和人际关系，尊重他人、服从集体。具有敏捷的情景意识与正确判断能力。严格遵守劳动合同及涉外纪律，具有良好的通信与沟通能力。 三、课程设计理念与思路 课程设置依据：依据STCW78公约马尼拉修正案、国家海事局高级船员最新考纲和现代船舶轮机管理的工作需求设置“轮机英语听力与会话”课程；同时考虑到“以职业素质为基础，以适岗能力为本位”的教育教学指导思想和航海高职高专学生的认知规律，以满足远洋船舶轮机人才需求、船舶轮机岗位群能力的需求和对于高级船员的适任要求。 课程目标定位：培养轮机工程技术专业学生的日常工作中的英文交流能力，使学生掌握英文交流机舱日常业务、驾机联系的能力；英文处理船舶应急情况的能力；英文对外业务联系的能力。根据船舶轮机岗位群的三个级别（支持级、操作级、管理级），课程的目标定位于操作级高级船员----二、三管轮。 课程内容选择标准：根据STCW78/95公约马尼拉修正案（2010）和国家海事局2012年3月颁布实施的高级船员最新考纲，确定课程内容；即将课程内容与国际公约对接、与国家海事局考试要求对接，建立课、证融通的课程体系。同时，对课程内容的取舍，还要兼顾现代轮机管理的实际要求，征求航运企业专家的意见，做到与时俱进，实现课程内容与轮机现实要求的对接。 项目设计思路：遵循“项目驱动、理实结合”的职业教育理念，采用以项目驱动的课程模式，将课程内容设计为5类项目任务： ●公共英语 ●机舱日常业务 ●驾机联系 ●应急情况用语 ●对外业务用语 ●PSC/ISM检查用语

高级值班机工英语听力与会话lesson10

1. A.Oil separator. B.Oily water separator. C.Fresh water generator. D.Incinerator. 2. A.Fuel oil system. B.Sea water system. C.Lube oil system. D.Cylinder oil system. 3. A.Sea water system. B.Lube oil system. C.Jacket water system. D.Fuel oil system. 4. A.Fix pitch propeller. B.Controllable propeller. C.Bow thruster. D.Vane. 5. A.Intermediate shaft.

B.Crankshaft. C.Tailshaft. D.Camshaft. 6. A.Propeller. B.Bow thruster. C.Vane. D.Pitch. 7. A.Propeller. B.Bow thruster. C.Vane. D.Pitch. 8. A.Heavy fuel oil. B.Marine diesel oil. C.Intermediate fuel oil. D.Mixture fuel oil. 9. A.Heavy fuel oil. B.Marine diesel oil. C.Intermediate fuel oil.

D.Mixture fuel oil. 10. A.Heavy fuel oil. B.Marine diesel oil. C.Intermediate fuel oil. D.Mixture fuel oil. 1. A.Fourth engineer,give the oil barge a signal to start bunkering. B.Fourth engineer,inform the oil barge to end bunkering. C.Fourth engineer,we can start bunkering. D.Fourth engineer,inform the oil company to start bunkering. 2. A.I’ll arrange for an oil barge to come to you. B.We’ll take bunkering at about 3 p.m. tomorrow. C.We can take bunkering at 1400 hours tomorrow. D.Our company will send an oil barge to ship. 3. A.After bunkering,transfer the fuel oil to the settling tank. B.Before bunkering,transfer the diesel oil to the settling tank. C.Before bunkering,transfer the fuel oil to the daily service tank. D.Before bunkering,deliver the fuel oil to the settling tank. 4.

英语听力说课稿

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轮机英语听力会话评估教材分析与教学策略

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航海英语听力与会话

1.Can you list at least three mooring lines? Yes .They are head line, breast line, spring line, and stern line. 你能列举集中缆绳吗？头缆，横缆，倒缆和尾缆 2.What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board? The pilot ladder, a heaving line and a life buoy. 在引航员上船前要准备些什么？引航梯，吊绳和救生圈。 3.How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival? Through VHF. 在到港前船舶如何与港口取得联系？通过甚高频。 4.What kind of things should be reported to the pilot station? The ship’s present position, ETA at pilot station or anchorage. 什么信息需要报告给引航站？船舶的当前位置，预计到达引航站或者锚地的时间。 5.What should be confirmed from the pilot station? Pilot’s boarding time and place, the ship’s side where the pilot ladder will be put. 什么信息需要引航站确认？引航员的登船时间，地点和安放引航梯的船舷。 6.When the vessel enters the VTS area, what I srequested to report? Ship’s name and call sign, present course and speed, ETA at the pilot station, the reporting point that the vessel is passing. 在船舶进入交管区时，需要报告些什么？船名，呼号，当前的航向和速度，预计到达引航站的时间，船舶正通过的报告点。 7.If you are ordered: “stand by both engines!” , how should you reply and report? I should repeat “stand by both engines”, then report “both engines stand by”. 如果你被命令“备双车”，你该怎么复诵和报告？我会复诵“备双车”，报告“双车备好”。 8.Can you list 3 canals in the world? Suez Canal, Panama Canal and Kiel Canal. 列举三大运河？苏伊士运河，巴拿马运河和基尔运河。 9.When you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF communication, what do you say? Stand by on VHF channel 16.

轮机英语听力与会话(新)

P35 Task 3 Topic diesel engine and gasline engine internal combustion engine Diesel:compressed-burning Gasoline: igniting-burning

P43 Task 3 Topic fuel oil system 1)Structure:double bottom tanks , heaters , tanks , filters , and so on 2)Function:settling tank---separate the solid from the oil , service tank---store the oil for using 3)Safety:viscosity regulator , pressure regulating valve

P61 Task 3 Topic 1 lube oil system 1)Reasons:form oil film , reduce friction and wear 2)Functions:provide films , remove heat , neutralize acidic 3)Management:centrifuged continuously , heating and settling , analysis every three months

P73 Task 2 1.black smoke--incompleted combustion 2.yellow smoke--highly sulphur content of fuel oil 3.blue smoke--lube oil leak to fuel oil / combustion chamber 4.white smoke--highly water content of fuel oil

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Unit I Shopping and Banking Online Spot dictation. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Listen to a news report. Supply the missing information. Consumers who want to shop online are suggested to bear the following things in mind: Evaluate the site. Always buy goods from well-known and trustworthy companies. Deal with companies which offer customer service, a complaints procedure and have a refund policy. Talk to merchant. E-mail and wait for responses. Take down the addresses and phone numbers of those companies and make sure they are real by calling them up before buying any products and services. Ensure secure connection. Since buyers must submit personal information like number and