四级写作
四级写作
开篇审题训练
看到作文题,我们首先应该判断它是属于问题命题、图表命题还是应用文。四级作文的题材皆为与日常生活和学习相关的问题、人们普遍关注的热点话题等。
审题材的目的是定主题，这是审题的核心任务，也就是我们通常听说的内容切题与不切题。
一篇文章的题材无非分为议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。四级作文均为议论文和应用文，只是在议论中加入记叙和说明的部分，我们称为叙事性议论文和说明性议论文，所以我们说四级作文通常是几种题材的杂合体。
从广泛的角度来看，四级作文的结构比较固定，通常为三段，并且基本上包括开头、主体和结尾三个部分。
1. 将文章合理划分为三段
2. 检查文章写作角度是否合理
检查自己安排的三段结构是否适合文章主题的体现，也就是说要检查自己的写作角度是否合理。
把文章的内容组织形式成阶段。在这个阶段，要认真审题，根据对题目的分析确定主题。先列出内容的主干，确定每段的主题句内容，再一一增加细节，最终形成完整的内容提纲。
<例>
提纲：1.现在电脑游戏在校园很流行；2.电脑游戏的危害；3.怎样正确对待电脑游戏；
解：电脑游戏是社会发展过程中的一种特定现象。众所周知，电脑游戏对学生来说弊大于利，大多数沉迷于游戏学生的学习成绩下降很快，同时，结合提纲我们可以推断出试题的核心是讲述电脑游戏的危害。
根据题目给出的提纲可知文章应包括以下三项基本内容：
1.描述现象部分：随着电脑的普及，电脑涌入校园，电脑游戏在校园内越来越流行。
2.说明原因部分：电脑游戏为何有很多的危害。
3.表明作者态度部分：我认为应该如何正确对待电脑网络游戏。
所以我们选用描述现象段、说明原因段、观点总结段的组合方式。
比较型作文之8分作文
比较型作文一般分为说明式比较和议论式比较两种。说明式比较在比较过程中，作者不发表个人意见，在文中不体现个人取向，单纯以说明介绍为目的。
在四、六级考试中的比较型作文多以议论式比较的形式出现。议论式比较以比较事物优劣、阐明自己立场为目的，一般分为倾向型和中立型两种类型。
一、倾向型比较论说文
1.、首段= 引言+ 主题句
引言句（第一句）：引出比较的对象
主题句（第二句）：提出主题，明确表明作者的个人取向与偏好。
2、主体部分
对比点的笔墨分配：应有所侧重，对于作者持否定态度的事物的优势要少写，而肯定的事物的优点则要多用笔墨，对于其缺点则可轻描淡写、一笔带过。
3、结尾段= 呼应主题句+ 强调被肯定事物的积极作用等
第一句：呼应主题句
第二句：可以用一句话归纳被肯定事物的优点等。
结尾段= 让步句+ 呼应主题句
第一句：以让步的口吻，提出被否定事物的一个小优点
第二句：笔锋一转，用一句话归纳并突出被肯定事物的重大优点，进一步确定自己的选择，与主题句相互照应。二、中立型比较论说文
首段和主体部分与倾向型比较论说文相同，而结尾段一般采用简化总结模式：
结尾段= 呼应主题句+ 一句话总结
第一句：呼应主题句
第二句：总结所比较对象最突出的优点，可用while，whereas 连接
万能模板：
倾向型
1. 有人认为大学住宿应该独处一室
2.有人认为应该与同学合住
3.我的观点
It is often difficult for ______ to decide whether A or B . In my opinion, A is always better.
Some students don't like B . First, they think ______ because ______. Second, _______. Third,_________.
The incomparable advantage of A is that ___________. First,___________. Second,________ .Third,________.
I regard A as a precious opportunity for it is the best way of ___________. And I confidently believe that _______.
中立型
1.有人喜欢乡村生活
2.有人喜欢都市生活
3.我的观点
Those who prefer A have their own reasons, while some other people prefer B . As for me, both A and B have merits and demerits.
First and foremost,__________. Moreover, ____________. Last but not least, _______.
On the contrary _________. In addition,___________. What’s the commonest,________
Either ___________ or a _______gives _________ .I believe__________
引出不同观点:
1、People’s views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that… . However, others believe that…. 人们对…的观点因人而异.有些人认为….. 然而其他人却认为．．．
2、People may have different opinions on…人们对…可能会有不同的见解.
3、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.
4、There are different opinions among people as to…关于…. 人们的观点大不相同.
5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同.
结尾：
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…
把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…
考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论…
3、Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that…
因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.
毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.
5、All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.
比较型连接词：like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.
比较型常用句型：
1．The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
2．The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3．A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4．It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5．For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6．Like anything else, it has its faults.
7．A and B has several points in common.
8．A bears some resemblances to B.
9．However, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
四六级考试加分句型：
1. It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型。She had said what it was necessary to say.
2. 强调句型。It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.
3. "All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词)。He was all gentleness to her.
4. 利用词汇重复表示强调。 A crime is a crime a crime.
5. "something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of"
"something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of"，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似。"
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
训练:
提纲：
1.有人认为类似于因特网的高科技产品会代替书籍
2.有人认为传统的信息产品书籍不会被取代
3.我的看法。
模板
Nowadays , the influence of ____________ proves to be profound . And there has been a very controversial debate as to ___________.( 引出话题和争论，但保留作者个人看法)
People in favor of ________ always provide the following evidence. Firstly, _________. Secondly, __________. Finally,____________. （偏爱书籍的理由）
Conversely, as for the merits of ___________, in the first place,________. Secondly, ____________.At the same time,__________.( 英特网等现代科技的优点)
In short, I agree that_________. （明确提出观点）
大家可以选一段练习
具体要求：
首段：引出关于因特网对现代社会的影响+ 关于因特网和书籍话题存在的争论
主体段落一：有人偏爱阅读传统信息媒体，如书籍
原因 1 ：人类文明的历史就是书写的历史
原因 2 ：人们可以随处用自己喜欢的姿势阅读
原因 3 ：书写形式更有利于安全保存信息
主体段落二：如因特网之类的现代技术手段的优点
优点 1 ：新科技的出现历来都回给人类生活带来许多好处
优点 2 ：电脑新科技的出现，使信息储备量大大提高
优点 3 ：电脑新科技的出现，使信息处理的效率提高了
结尾段: ：因特网最终会代替书籍等信息手段
参考答案：
Nowadays, the influence of Internet proves to be profound. And there has been a very controversial debate as to whether or not Internet will replace the book as the main source of information.
People in favor of the traditional information sources always provide the following evidence . Firstly, the history of human civilization is the written history. Secondly, people are free to choose any posture and place that makes them comfortable when reading. Finally, traditional information sources like books are relatively stable and reliable to preserve the human information well.
Conversely, as for the merits of modern technologies, in the first place, in history, we can see that every new technology brings about great changes to our life. Secondly, modern technology like computers is another great invention that can store a huge amount of data . At the same time, we are able to process the data more rapidly and accurately than we can ever imagine.
In short, I agree that modern technology, such as the Internet, will come day replace the written word as the main source of information. Therefore, I am eagerly looking forward to that day.
2007年英语四级写作训练(3):比较型作文之11分作文
比较型作文一般分为说明式比较和议论式比较两种。说明式比较在比较过程中，作者不发表个人意见，在文中不体现个人取向，单纯以说明介绍为目的。
在四、六级考试中的比较型作文多以议论式比较的形式出现。议论式比较以比较事物优劣、阐明自己立场为目的，一般分为倾向型和中立型两种类型。
11分作文只是在8分作文的基础上进行改进，通过篇章的连贯、句型的优化来实现。
一、连贯性
连贯性是写作的一个重要原则。句子之间的链接主要通过衔接词的使用体现连贯性，根据过渡衔接词在篇章中的作用，可分为引介词、承接词和总结词三大类：
1. 引介词在篇章中担当引出话题或观点的作用，根据其本身的含义，可细分如下：
（1）时间词（组）：nowadays, at present, recently, now ,lately, in some cases;
（2）一般观点词（组）：in general, generally, generally sparking, as we know, as is known to all, as is generally accepted, regarding, concerning, as for... as to ..., as regards;
（3）个人观点词（组）：firstly, first of all ,in the first place, to begin with , to start with , for one thing, as for me, in my opinion, on the one hand;
2.承接词在篇章中承接主题句或上一个支持句，可表递进或转折，根据其本身的含义，可分如下：
纯粹承接词：second(ly),third(ly),for another, on the other hand;
递进承接词：besides, in addition, in addition to ,furthermore, moreover, namely;
并列承接词：meanwhile, at the same time;
原因承接词：because, for , as, in that, owing to, due to ,on account of, on the ground of , as a result of;
比较承接词：equally important, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in common;
对比承接词：on the contrary, in contrast , by contrast , whereas, instead, conversely;
强调承接词：in particular, particularly, most important of all, needless to say, especially, above all, on top of all this;
转折让步承接词：although, though, nevertheless, however, but, yet , admittedly, it is true... but, in spite of , even though, granted that , despite, in spite of , unfortunately, nonetheless;
总结词在篇章中推出结论和后果：
(1) 结果词：thus , consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a consequence, for this reason;
(2) 总结词：in a word, all in all ,to sum up, briefly, in brief, in short, in summary, undoubtedly, by and large , as has been noted.
具有相似意义和功能的衔接词在上下文可以灵活替换。
二、常用句型
1、首段常用句型：
Nowadays, there are two ways to do..., such as A and B.
It is widely accepted / an undeniable fact that...
Some people prefer A... while others...
There used to be a heated discussion over whether A is more important than B.
Those who are in favor of A argue that...
In my point of view, I like a much more than B.
Despite the fact that majority of people tend to / prefer to ... , I'm in favor of...
A and
B are of the same / equal importance. While the former ... , the later ....
While I attach much importance to A, I won't give up any chance to do B.
2、主体部分常用句型：
A prides itself / themselves on sth however, its / their ... counterpart / B...
First and foremost, ... what's more,... Last but not least,...
Ranging from ... to ...（用于举例事物）
When it comes to ... （用于引出话题）
A's merits mean nothing when B's advantages are considered / mentioned
Admittedly, / of course, / True, / It is true that A is..., but B...
However, for the demerits / disadvantages A has , it has the advantage that...
3、结尾段常用句型：
As a result /For this reason, I like doing...
In spite of the said advantages of A, I will choose B...
Of course, A has its own merits. But I'm still in favor of B.
Therefore, A and B are of equal importance. The former helps to do..., and the latter contributes to...
The secret of ... lies in the combination of both A and B.
作业：（以下为一篇8分范文，请练习变换句型，按要求改写成句型结构漂亮的11分作文）
It is often difficult for a student to decide whether he shall have roommates or not .In my opinion, having roommates is always better.
要求：在句中体现转折关系；且用让步句型体现于室友同住的优点多于缺点。
Some students don't like having roommates. They think several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way. We have the chance to learn to adjust the subtle relationships. Solving trivial problems will enrich our experience and help us understand others and learn to be considerate.
要求：1、把蓝色粗体中的2句改写成用" those who"句型的复杂句；
2、在红色粗体句中体现转折关系，并用表示最高级意义的" No better chance could be found to do ..."句型改写。
The incomparable advantage is that living together offers an excellent chance of cooperation. Planning a party single-handedly may be a boring and difficult job. Our roommates’ help makes it enjoyable and easy . Combining every member's wit and talent together, we may do anything perfectly.
要求：1、在句中体现于第二段的递进关系；
2、在句中体现列举关系；
3、把句子改写成" Nothing could be ... without..."的双重否定结构，并体现转折关系。
I regard rooming together as a precious opportunity for it is the best way of learning cooperation and understanding . And I confidently believe that such experience will be helpful in one's later life.
要求：缩短成简单句，以符合“复杂句+ 简单句”的长短句交替出现的结构。
参考答案:
I It is often difficult for a student to decide whether he shall have roommates or not. However, in my opinion, the advantages of having roommates outweigh its disadvantages.
Those who don't like having roommates argue that several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way. On the contrary, no better chance could be found here to learn how to adjust the subtle relationships solving trivial problems will, in the long run, enrich our experience and help us understand others and learn to be considerate.
Moreover, the incomparable advantage is that living together offers an excellent chance of cooperation. For example, planning a party single-handedly may be a boring and difficult job. However, nothing could be so enjoyable and easy without our roommates’ help. Combining every member's wit and talent together, we may do anything perfectly.
I regard rooming together as a precious opportunity for it is the best way of learning cooperation and understanding. Such experience will be helpful in one's later life.
2007年英语四级写作训练(4):比较型作文之14分作文
比较型作文一般分为说明式比较和议论式比较两种。说明式比较在比较过程中，作者不发表个人意见，在文中不体现个人取向，单纯以说明介绍为目的。
在四、六级考试中的比较型作文多以议论式比较的形式出现。议论式比较以比较事物优劣、阐明自己立场为目的，一般分为倾向型和中立型两种类型。
14分作文相对于11分作文,只要在11分作文的基础上进行一些语法等亮点的改进
一、句子中的一致问题: 包括主谓一致、时态一致、人称一致
二、篇章中的称谓一致问题：（请看）
You can see a live show on TV. We can get the information of sports events on TV. But there is a unique topic you can only read from the sports line in newspaper. The sports lovers can sit in a comfortable chair, hold the newspaper and read what the coach said and what the players felt.
以上段落中出现了三种不同的称谓：you, we, the sports lovers,细细研究，不难发现，前两种称谓都是用来指代the sports lovers。作者根据汉语习惯用“你可以...”以及“我们可以...”来表示泛指，但是在英语中像这样在同一个段落或同一篇文章中混淆称谓的现象是不允许的。
三、指代不清
四、8分作文在文章结构上基本完善，11分作文在句型结构上有所突破，那么要达到14分作文，除了杜绝语言错误之外，还有两个重要因素：一是在词汇使用上要有亮点，二是适当的修辞手法。
要在词汇运用上有亮点，可以通过动态动词或词组的使用来实现。
“过去的20年上海有了很大的变化”该如何表达呢？
A. There were great changes in Shanghai in the past 20 years.
B. Great changes took place in Shanghai in the past 20 years.
这两种表达虽然没有语法方面的问题,但要想获得14分的高分,就需要在语言上动一点脑筋了.
C. Shanghai witnessed great changes in the past 20 years.
D. Shanghai saw great changes in the past 20 years.
这两句以shanghai作主语，用的是动词witness, see，回译为中文变成了“上海在过去的20年中目睹了巨变”，不但整个句子鲜活了，“上海”也因拟人化动词的使用而跃然纸上，让读者在阅览的过程中也似乎包揽了上海的沧桑巨变，加强了文章的可读性。
要善于利用修辞手法
1、明喻：like, as , as if , as though, as...as..., similar to..等
2、暗喻：“名词A + of +名词B"
3、平行结构
作业：（以下为一篇11分范文，请练习按要求改写成漂亮的14分作文）
There is used to be heated discussion over whether cooperation is more essential than competition. As for me , both of them are important.
要求：1、纠正is used to be 误用
2、把常用的“be +形容词”的结构改写为动态动词作谓语的句子。
Firstly, each person is a member of the society. And several tasks need the cooperation of all the members of a group.You must perform your own tasks carefully. Keep pace with your classmates or colleagues and listen to others' suggestions helps you succeed in the end
要求：1、把第一句改为使用明喻的句子；
2、把need 改为动态动词作谓语的句子；
3、用平行结构合并、改写粉色词汇的句子
4、纠正最后一句中主谓不一致的错误；
5、纠正最后一句中的动词原形作主语的错误；
However, being competitive also has a place in life. As a member of the group, if we want to achieve more and be better than others, you must pay much more efforts, working harder or studying more diligently. Moreover, we should have the competitive spirit and adapt ourselves to competition.
要求：纠正指代不一致的问题
In a word, we must learn to be both cooperative and competitive in order to succeed in lift. What we need to learn are when to be cooperative and when to be competitive.
要求：纠正句中主谓不一致的错误。
参考答案:
There used to be heated discussion over whether cooperation is more essential than competition. As for me , the importance of cooperation and competition equals.
Firstly, each person is like a screw of the machine. And several tasks call for the cooperation of all the members of a group. You must perform your own tasks carefully. Keeping pace with your classmates or colleagues and listening to others' suggestions help you succeed in the end
However, being competitive also has a place in life. As a member of the group, if you want to achieve more and be better than others, you must pay much more efforts, working harder or studying more diligently. Moreover, you should have the competitive spirit and adapt yourself to competition.
In a word , we must learn to be both cooperative and competitive in order to succeed in lift. What we need to learn is when to be cooperative and when to be competitive.
2007年英语四级写作训练(5):分析型作文之8分作文
根据内容的不同，分析型作文一般可分为分析原因型、分析作用型、分析优劣型、分析影响型、分析状况型、分析决定因素型及分析解决方法型等不同类型。
引出原因的四种表达：There are three/various reasons for...;What are the possible reasons for.../Why...?;Possible reasons for ... may be as follows; Possible reasons for... may be a , b and c;
引出具体解决方法的四种表达方式：There are three/various solutions to the problem; What are the possible solutions to it? Possible solutions to it are as follows; Possbile solutions to it may be part-time job, scholarship and financial aid.
分析型作文之11分作文
一、段落间的连贯手段：过渡衔接词在段落间的运用、关键词的重复使用、过渡句的运用、语法上的人称照应和指示照应、实词衔接手段（同义词和近义词替代、上下义词替代）、叙述型作文常用的体现篇章连贯的手段
二、对段落进行优化：可以用不同的段落衔接手段体现篇章的连贯。
You can see a live show on TV. We can get the information of soports events on TV. But there is a unique topic you can only read from the sports line in newspaper. The sports lovers can sit in a comfortable chair, hold the newspaper and read what the coach said and what the players felt.
以上段落中出现了三种不同的称谓：you, we, the sports lovers,细细研究，不难发现，前两种称谓都是用来指代the sportslovers。作者根据汉语习惯用“你可以...”以及“我们可以...”来表示泛指，但是在英语中像这样在同一个段落或同一篇文章中混淆称谓的现象是不允许的。
三、常用句型
１、分析影响／利弊
There are three/a number of consequences of...
... brings about some great/serious consequences
... involves/entails some great/serious consequences
Its side effects are enormous
Perhaps the most serious/obvious consequence is...
The immediate result is...
... deprives/strips people of...
... is/becomes the victim of...
... will exercise/exert a beneficial influence / effect/impact on...
2、分析原因
There are probably three / a number of reasons for...
why...?/What are the reasons for...?
This phenomenon involves / entails several complicated factors /reasons
... is mainly because of/due to/owing to...
It is due to...,rather than..., let alone...
... not only because...,but (also) because...
... partly/in part because..., partly/in part because...
Corrupts/erodes one's minds/virtues
One/We may lay/place blame for B on A
... Contributes to...
Some may attribute.../it to...
... undermines...
... poses a threat to...
3、分析问题／现象
There are too many examples/instances of...
Nowadays, every one of us is confronted/faced with too many examples/instances of...
Some...Others...Still others... Even there are those who..
Sometimes,... More often,...
4、分析解决方法
Such a tragedy would not happen if we knew the following ways to handle...(虚拟语气)
The key words are..., ... and ...
Only in this way, could/can...(倒装结构）
It is high time that...
The impact could be minimized if we follow the ways / suggestions above
These are the secrets of a successful...
作业：（以下为一篇11分范文，请练习按要求改写成漂亮的14分作文）
When others ask for help, we may hesitate to say "no" in two situations. First, if the matter is dishonest or even illegal, we should say "no". Second, we can't do it.
要求：1、把蓝色粗体改为"sometimes,... More often, it is because..."的句型
Many people don't say no when they should, mainly for two reasons. In most cases, they don't want to lose the friendship with the person asking for help. It is also likely that they may gain various profits if they help others even if it would not be legal.
要求：1、把第一句改为" Two ingredients could account for..." 的句型；
2、把第二句主要原因改为" It is mainly due to..." 的句型；
3、把第三句次要原因用"another reason is connected with..." 的句型改写；
Nevertheless, did they ever think of its negative effects? When the matter turns out to be unsuccessful, the friends in need of help will miss the valuable time and chance to solve the problem. This may even ruin their friendship. And when they accept the "dirty" gifts, they have lost something much more important-integrity. There fore , don't hesitate to say "no", otherwise, it will harm the interests of other people or even the whole society..
要求：1、把第一句改为" Nevertheless, it involves/entails some unfavorable consequences." 的句型；
2、把第二句改为" ...undermines..." 的句型；
3、把第三句改为"... will pose a threat to..." 的句型；
参考答案：
When others ask for help, we may hesitate to say "no" in two situations. Sometimes, if the matter is dishonest or even illegal, we will say "no". More often, it is because it is beyond our abilities.
Two ingredients could account for people’s reluctance to say "no”. It is mainly due to their unwillingness to lose the friendship with the person asking for help. Another reason is connected with the various profits they can get if they help others even if it would not be legal.
Nevertheless, it involves some unfavorable consequences. When the matter turns out to be unsuccessful, the friends in need of help will miss the valuable time and chance to solve the problem. This may even undermine their friendship. And when they accept the "dirty" gifts, they have lost something much more important-integrity. There fore , don't hesitate to say "no", otherwise, it will pose a threat to the interests of other people or even the whole society..
2007年英语四级写作训练(6):分析型作文之14分作文
一、常见写作错误：断句错误、垂悬成分（指非谓语动词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致）
二、词汇应用：在英语习作中，为了减少动词的使用频率，除了使用非谓语动词外，还有几种有效方法
1、介词：介词在英语中非常活跃，很多汉语需用动词的地方在英语里都可以用上介词或介词词组
2、抽象名词的使用：很多抽象名词包含动态意义，如：laughter, work, permission, protection 等等，正是这个特点，让抽象名词成为动词的最佳替代品
3、形容词的动态含义：利用形容词的动态含义来减少动词使用频率
三、修辞手法(要善于利用修辞手法)
1、同成分重复
2、同义重复
练习：（以下为一篇11分范文，请练习按要求改写成漂亮的14分作文）
There is a trend of globalization ,English becomes a vital tool for effective communication. College students now concern more about how to improve their English. Students' secrets are as follows.
要求：
1、纠正第一句中的断句错误
2、用抽象名词代替improve , 以减少动词的使用频率
As we know, "Practice makes perfect”. Some students try to study diligently and they really make progress in Engl ish. Others turn to entertainment for help, they watch English movies and make an all-out effort to learn English songs. Still others who like making friends, make regular appointments with their foreign friends for a chat. a dinner or a party.
要求：
1、句中有三个动词，试只用"contribute to" 一个动词词组，以减少动词的使用
2、纠正句中的断句错误，并把后半句改为非谓语动词结构，以减少动词使用频率；
3、用形容词"sociable"代替句中的定语从句
As for me , I prefer the third way. Two ingredients could account for my choice. It is primarily because there is no better way to learn idiomatic English than communicating with native English speakers. Moreover, it is owing to my sociable personality , liking making different kinds of friends.
要求：纠正句中的垂悬问题，使用"sociable"的同义词"friendly"结合两个形容词构成同义重复
参考答案：
With the trend of globalization, English becomes a vital tool for effective communication. College students now concern more about the improvement of their English. Students' secrets are as follows.
As we know, “Practice makes perfect" . Diligent study contributes to some student s' progress in English . Others turn to entertainment for help, watching English movies and making an all-out effort to learn English songs. Still some sociable students make regular appointments with their foreign friends for a chat. a dinner or a party.
As for me , I prefer the third way. Two ingredients could account for my choice. It is primarily because there is no better way to learn idiomatic English than communicating with native English speakers. Moreover, it is owing to my sociable and friendly personality, that is, I like making different kinds of friends.
2007年英语四级写作训练(7):议论型作文之11分作文
一、篇章连贯：可以通过文章内容的内在联系来表现篇章的连贯性。
1、具体到一般：表现形式为先举例具体的事例进行分析、说明，进而得出论证或结论，在段末往往以主题句的形式表现出来。
2、一般到具体：表现为在文章段首以主题句的形式出现，然后通过具体的叙述、说明、举例使主题句变得具体、明白、易懂。
二、常用句型
１、开头
It's well known to us that...
Recently,... has been brought to popular attention/has become the focus of public concern.
One of the universal issues we are faced with / that cause increasing concern is that...
People's view/opinions /ideas on ... vary from person to person. Some people think that ... they hold this opinion because... However, others hold that...
2、主要论述方法
A is to
B what
C is to D
According to ..., but there is no evidence whatsoever to show...
The example cited, while suggestive of these trends, is insufficient to warrant their truth because there is no reason to believe that the data drawn form... is representative of...
As it stands, this argument suffers from three critical flaws.
3、结尾
In my opinion, it is more advisable to do ... than to do
Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that...
It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of...
We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with
It is high time that we put an end to... Otherwise,...
作业：（以下为一篇11分范文，请练习按要求改写成漂亮的14分作文）
With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option.(2) Some choose to further their studies abroad.(3) they insist that overseas study can benefit them in different ways .
(4) First, when they live in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign language skills.(5) Second, if they complete part or all of their education overseas, they can gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study.(6) Third , they can experience a different culture first-hand
要求：
1、句（2）（3）合成一句，句（2）改成带定语从句的主语
2、句（4）中的状语从句改称独立主谓语结构
3、句（5）中条件状语从句改称主语，句（5）变成简单句
(1)However, many people favor studying at home.(2) They argue that ,studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off and have no language and cultural barriers.
要求：
1、句（1）改成" there be"句型；
2、句（2）改成两句，分别陈述两个正反论证的两个理由；
(1) I, myself, believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense.(20 some students wish to have overseas academic experience.(3) If they have got the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision.(4) On the other hand , if conditions don't permit, they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country.(5) What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learn.
要求：1、句（2）、（3）合成一句，句（2）改成句（3）中条件状语从句中主语的定语从句；
参考答案：
With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option. People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that overseas study can benefit them in different ways . First, living in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign language skills. Second, completing part or all of their education overseas, help them gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study. Third , they can experience a different culture first-hand
However, there are still many people who favor studying at home.(2) They argue that , for one thing, studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off . For another, there are no language and cultural barriers if they study in our country.
I, myself, believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students who wish to have overseas academic experience. have got the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision. On the other hand , if conditions don't permit, they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country. What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learn.
2007年英语四级写作训练(8):议论型作文之14分作文
作业：（以下为一篇11分范文，请练习按要求改写成漂亮的14分作文）
(1)"Failure is the mother of success" is a well-known proverb.(2) It teaches us that failure is not a bad thing, and as long as we can learn from the failing experience and cheer up, failure will turn into a stepping-stone to success.
要求：句(2)得粗体部分后加入调节观点的词,变成部分否定
(1)My personal experience is a case in point.(2) I entered for the English speech contest last year and was knocked out in
the preliminary contest.(3) Not well prepared either mentally or academically then, my failure was inevitable.(4) However, from my failing experience I knew I had some problems with my pronunciation and I should learn some strategies of making public speech.(5)So in the following year, following the tapes and to imitate the speeches of native speakers I made great effort to improve my pronunciation.(6)I also read some books on public speech and practiced the theories in the discussion of English classes.(7) This year, I entered for the speech contest again.(8)I won the second prize.(9) Without the lesson I learned from last year's failure, I can never succeed this year .My failure last year is the mother of my success this year.
要求：
1、纠正句（3）粗体部分垂悬错文
2、纠正句（5）粗体部分的平行结构错误；
3、在粗体的句（8）前加入一个设问句，承上启下，并吸引读者注意。
The truth of the proverb has been proved by countless other facts.(2) so many new things have been invented after the inventor's countless experiments (3) So many masterpieces have been written by writers whose early works were rejected by publishing houses again and again.(4) there fore ,we can safely draw the conclusion that failure is the mother of success .(5) since nobody can avoid failure, we should make failure a stepping-stone to success.
要求：
1、将句(4)中的粗体部分用调节观点的词代替,使语气更缓和
2、将句（5）中的粗体部分改成设问句，强调观点，引起思考
参考答案:
"Failure is the mother of success" is a well-known proverb. It teaches us that failure is not necessarily a bad thing, and as long as we can learn from the failing experience and cheer up, failure will turn into a stepping-stone to success.
My personal experience is a case in point. I entered for the English speech contest last year and was knocked out in the preliminary contest. Since I was not well prepared either mentally or academically then, my failure was inevitable.
However, from my failing experience I knew I had some problems with my pronunciation and I should learn some strategies of making public speech. So in the following year, following the tapes and imitating the speeches of native speakers I made great effort to improve my pronunciation. I also read some books on public speech and practiced the theories in the discussion of English classes. This year, I entered for the speech contest again. What happened? I won the second prize. Without the lesson I learned from last year's failure, I can never succeed this year .My failure last year is the mother of my success this year.
The truth of the proverb has been proved by countless other facts. so many new things have been invented after the inventor's countless experiments So many masterpieces have been written by writers whose early works were rejected by publishing houses again and again. therefore ,we may safely draw the conclusion that failure is the mother of success. Since nobody can avoid failure, why not make failure a stepping-stone to success.
大学英语四级作文范文10篇
大学英语四级作文范文10篇 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in the 21st century(生活在21世纪的优缺点) Living in the 21st century offers certain advantages,such as a higher standard of living, but it also has some disadvantages, such as a polluted environment. To begin with, most people now have more money for less hard work. They earn higher salaries than before and enjoy better social security, such as social welfare for laid-off workers and disability insurance. Secondly, because of the advance in medical technology which leads to better medical care and treatment, people’s life expectancy is longer. Moreover, most people now can afford to buy foods of high nutrition and enjoy their leisure time. Thirdly, modern conveniences such as radio, TV, internet, various vehicles and labour-saving machines in the home, all greatly facilitate human communication, transportation and housework as well. Nevertheless, living in the 21st century also has its disadvantages. The most serious one is the increasingly polluted environment; air is filled with smog and water is contaminated by iehemicals from factories.Another main disadvantage is the personalization of human relattonships which mostly result from people’s ever-increasing contact with machines and numbers. Still one more disadvantage is the weakening of spiritual values. An undeniable fact is that a large number of people are solely interested in materialistic culture,while neglecting spiritual civilization. Limited by space, we have to skip the examples. In conclusion, although the 21st century has indeed given us a lot of advantages, it may not have made us wiser, because it has also made our earth dirtier, our people less humane, and our spirituali iife poorer, We shpuld continue to enjoy the benefits of technological advancement,however, we must make a concerted effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations. Moreover, we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in anihcreasingly impersonal, computerized world. 全国大学英语四级考前作文预测 二 On responsibility .(关于个人责任) We Chinese place a high value on responsibility. It is traditional deal for us Chinese to take care of our parents. We owe them a great deal for the love they give us while we are growing up. It is right, then, when they are getting older with each passing day, we help them and see that they are well cared for. In this way, we give back some of the love and care they have given to us. As loyal Chinese citizens, we must have a strong sense of responsibility to our country. I t is our duty to keep China strong in the eyes of the world. Therefore, we should study and work hard for China’s strongness
大学英语四级作文5篇范文
1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring Private tutoring is “in”. A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. While private tutoring has both advantages and disadvantages, I feel that we should give more thoughts to its negative effects. Such a popular practice clearly indicates that people are attaching greater importance to education. Many parents either missed the chance of obtaining a good education themselves or have been too busy with their own business. When their children meet with difficulties in study, they are helpless. Private tutoring seems to be the only solution. As private tutoring is usually given on the one-to-one basis, the teacher knows the strong points as well as the weak points of the pupil; and teaching is, in most cases, directly to the point. Private tutoring benefits a lot of pupils, indeed. While on the other hand, private tutoring has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it takes up so much of the pupil’s time that they can hardly find enough time for rest or entertainment, which is essential for kids’ physical and mental health. Besides, some teachers, busy “shuttling” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. What is more, some teachers are eager to help pupils do well on the test, offering the so-called tips for test-taking instead of helping them acquire
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大学英语四级写作技巧简介.doc
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——怎样加入志愿活动（报名信息）。往年还考过写简历，写演讲稿，论述社会现象等题目，总是跳不出三段式，因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。 总的来说有三点要注意：1。开篇就得点题。文章字数有限，必须采取开门见山的方法，但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题，在这之前可以有所修饰，有导入的成分，但不要太长，一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。2。中间段阐述必须清楚。中间段是全文的核心部分，要做到阐述清楚，论证充分，要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成，主题句是观点的高度浓缩，应该言简意赅；扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述，应该做到理由充分，内容一致。3。结尾段进行总结，并提出解决问题的方法。最后的总结在观点上可以重申但不可以重复，另外结尾一定要有所升华，不能仍停留在对问题的描述上，既然存在问题，就必须想办法解决。 至于如何开端、如何论述、如何结尾的问题，大家敬请期待下一回吧！当然我不会让大家久等的:) 写作能力无法一口气提高，大家必须在平时勤修苦练。 之二——突出主题 well begun is a half done，如何开头是值得注意的问题，它能确定
专四作文写作技巧
常用模板 1. 问题解决型(如1998 ，2002) 引言段：复述题干中的背景 a. -------- has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their ways. b. Recently, -------- has become the focus of the society. And in this way, people swarm挤满to -------- and serious problems follow. c. -------- has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well. d.Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of t he seriousness of--------. I would like to suggest a way to solve the problem. We might as well (解决的方案). It is necessary that we do so for the following reasons. 主体段：For one thing, (方案的优势1). (详细阐述) For another, (方案的优势2). (详细阐述) 或者有3种以上优势和理由的，参考使用： To begin with, then, furthermore, finally To start with, next, in addition, finally First and foremost最重要, besides, last but not least Most important of all, moreover而且, finally 总结段：Above all, it is highly recommendable可推荐的that we solve the problem in/through ... for its advantages of A, B and C (这里再把理由压缩一下叙述一遍). 2. 建议型(如2005)
2018年6月英语四级作文万能模板
1. 问题现状 2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明A的现状).Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三). Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处). 英语四级作文万能模板：对比选择型 When it comes to____ ,different people hold different views . Some contend that____. For one thing,____ .For another,___ . In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ____，They point out that____ .Another instance often cited is that____ . It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments .It’s advisable to ______. 英语四级作文万能模板：说明利弊题型 说明利弊这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测) 1. 说明事物现状 2. 事物本身的优缺点(或一方面) 3. 你对现状(或前景)的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------(A的优点之二). But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点). Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法). (From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测).)
英语四级作文写作练习
英语四级作文写作练习 题目要求： You should write a short essay entitled Spring Festival Gala on CCTE. 写作导航 1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会; 2.但有些人提出取消春节晚会; 3.提出自己的看法：不同意取消春晚。 参考范文： Spring Festival Gala On CCTV The CCTV Spring Festival Gala used to be important to the Chinese people. But now the Gala is being challenged by a growing number of people，especially by younger generations.It is increasingly difficult to cater for all tastes. Some individuals argue that it should be abandoned or replaced by other programs.In spite of that,numbers of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance ofthe traditional performance.Most ofpeople view this gala as an annual staple on the traditional Chinese Spring Festival Eve.They all enjoy a restless night and glue their eyes on the television. I don’t agree with the view that the grand gala should be canceled.Undoubtedly, it plays an important role in the celebration of Chinese New Year.I am hoping to see a vivid and meaningful show this year. 题目要求： You should write an announcement to welcome students tojoin a club. 写作导航
四级作文难点分析及考生应对技巧
四级作文难点分析及考生应对技巧难点一:主观判分，有所影响。 不可否认，考试是目前国内各种英语测试中规模很大、公信度较高、科学性和客观性较强的一种，能够较客观地考察出一个人的实际英语能力。但写作仍然是四级考试中主观性较大的部分，存在主观判卷的弊端。虽然考官依据四级作文评分标准进行阅卷，但由于前文所述的考官在判卷中的弱点、盲点，人为因素不可避免。 难点二:体裁多样，难度较大。 它既有书信作文，演讲稿，图表作文，也有议论文写作。字数要求也是国内英语测试中较多的，30分钟要求考生写一篇150字的短文。书信作文、议论文等尚能有章可循，然而图表作文却无从下手。这是因为国内各个层次的英语教学甚少涉及图表作文，并且要写好图表作文，不仅需要良好的英语语言能力，同时还应具备相应的分析、归纳能力。 难点三:老题新出，千变万化。 四级作文有完善的出题套路，往往通过换关键词的方式可以旧瓶装新酒，老树开新花。请看下面几道考题: 1995年1月四级作文真题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本(source of happiness) 2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of all evil) 3.我的看法
近五年英语四级作文真题集锦
历年四级真题作文集锦 2010年6月作文：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling 1. 如今不少学生在英语(论坛)学习中不重视拼写， 2. 出现这种现象的原因是… 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为…. 满分范文：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling Nowadays, students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study. This phenomenon greatly influences students’ writing and brings on worries among teachers. There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon. First, exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention to spelling. Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they don’t emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words. Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be given to i-t. As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help student, pay more attention to spelling. Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance. Finally, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spelling. Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement. 2010年12月英语四级作文及范文 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words folllowing the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立，父母应该…… [参考范文] How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? It is nothing unusual to find overprotective parents who help their children in all aspects of life. The question is, are they sure their heart loaded with love will bring good to their children? Let’s look at the real situation of the second-rich generation. Some of them, rather than becoming the second-strong generation, becomes the defeated generation which is notorious for their life focused on consumption rather than creation. Because of the changes of education in history, most Chinese parents, though successfully accumulate wealth, don’t know much about the right value they should pass on to the new generation. They have tried all that they can to be good parents while neglecting the core value they should address, which is INDEPENDENCE. How should parents help children to be independent? They should give their children the freedom to make choices for themselves. Children cannot be happy if they don’t have control over their life, which in daily life, means they make choices for themselves, like, what to eat, what to wear, what career to do, what kind of spouse they are going to marry. Some parents may be open-minded enough to let their children to make
四级作文写作技巧及高分模板
四级写作技巧 四级写作共一题，所占分数比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。写作选用考生所熟悉的题材，考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、一句话、图画或图表等，写出一篇120~180词的短文。写作要求表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。 4大作文类型及高分模板 1. 现象阐释型 这类作文多为提纲式作文或图表式作文。这类命题要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释，分析产生该现象的原因并加以评论。 写作模式： 第一段描述现象； 第二段解释这种现象产生或存在的原因； 第三段提出解决问题的建议或总结观点。
高分模板： ①Nowadays/Recently, ______. ②As a result/Thus, ______. ③There are various reasons accounting/responsible for ______. ④For one thing, ______. ⑤For another, ______. ⑥In addition, ______. ⑦As far as I am concerned, ______. ⑧On the one hand, ______. ⑨On the other hand, ______. ⑩In a word, ______.
①开门见山，描述现象。 ②说明该现象造成的结果或影响。 ③承上启下，表明产生上述现象的原因是多方面的。 ④⑤⑥具体分析产生上述现象的各种原因。 ⑦表明自己的态度和看法。 ⑧⑨提出解决问题的方法。 ⑩得出结论，总结全文。 2. 对比选择型 这类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁。通常首先论述相反的两种观点，或分析某一社会现象的优缺点，然后提出自己的看法。 写作模式： 第一段提出要讨论的主题，说明人们对此看法不一；
大学英语四级作文范文30篇
范例一 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers. In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future. Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it. 点评：2008年元月三日，中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待；2008年元月四日，中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件；近几年，中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光，进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。本范例题为四级考试传统的问题解决型的写作，与校园生活密切相关。 范例二 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students’ Rating of Their Teachers。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法 Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.. This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend the teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion
[英语四级作文]英语四级写作要求
四六考试中，让考生十分苦恼的问题之一就是英语写作，想要自己的作文拿到高分不是投机取巧就能做到的，最主要还是与考生平时的练习息息相关，下面为大家总结的英语四级写作要求，希望对大家的复习有所帮助。 一.写作的目的及要求 目的：测试学生用英语书面表达思想的能力，能够直接有效地测出考生综合使用语言的能力，较准确地反映考生的英语水平。 要求：大学英语作文测试要求考生能够运用学到的语言知识，按规定的题目要求，在30分钟内写出一篇120个词左右的短文，语义连贯，表达正确，无重大语法错误。题目的内容包括科技，社会，文化，或日常生活等方面的一般常识。题目形式多种多样，有提纲作文，段首句作文，关键词作文，图表作文，书信作文，和规定情景作文等。 二.评分原则 1.四级作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 2.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切的表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍 三.写作的标准 14(99)分文章切题。文字通顺，条理清楚，无重大语言错误，仅有个别小错。 11(78)分文章切题。文字通顺，条理清楚，但有少量语言错误。 8(56)分基本切题。有些地方表达不清，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，有些是严重错误 5(35)分基本切题。思想表达不清，连贯性差，有较多的语言严重错误。 2(14)分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，大部分有错误，且多数为严重错误 英语四级写作需要注意的问题 一、基本语法问题 通过对很多考生的试卷分析，发现在写作方面，基本语法层面的问题依然层出不穷，所以语法是四级作文写作的常见扣分点之一。例如：无法保持时态在全文的一致，这一现象很普遍，往往是紧接的两句，在没有任何时间状语的情况之下，就出现了时态的不一致;