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高中英语语法:情态动词

高中英语语法:情态动词
高中英语语法:情态动词

Modal Verbs

Ⅰ、情态动词概述

1.表示能力

He can carry the heavy box.

2.表示职责

ought to / should, have to 和must的语气由弱到强

You must work as hard as possible.

3.表示确定

might表示非常不肯定,my, could, should, ought to, will语气逐渐增强,must则表示几乎完全肯定

You might beat him in the competition.

4.表示许可

在非正式场合或英语口语中,常用can或could表示许可,could更有礼貌。而在正式场合或书面语中,则常用may或might表示许可,might更正式。

You can go out to play after you finish your homework.

5.表示提出要求

在从非正式场合至正式场合的过渡中,依次使用will, can, could和would

Can you help me with my English?

6.表示给出建议

Shall we do some shopping tomorrow?

Ⅱ、情态动词的用法

1.can / could

①表示能力

He could speak English when he was four years old.

②表示请求或允许

表示委婉地请求或陈述看法时,口语中多用could, 但回答时仍然用can

You cannot park your car here.

-Could I see your driving license?

—Of course you can.

③表示推测

He can’t be at home now.

2.may / might

①表示征求对方意见或允许

might比may语气更加婉转一些,是比较正式的用法,口语中使用can比较普遍

You may come if you wish.

He asked if he might go home.

②表示推测

He may come very soon.

★may well 很可能,极有可能

might /may as well 不妨做某事

may not

3.must

①表示“必须”,mustn’t表示“禁止”

You must hand in your composition today.

You mustn’t park here! It’s an emergency exit. (重庆2010)

②表示推测

He must be ill. He looks so pale.

③用must提问时的回答

—Must I finish my homework today?

—No, you needn’t. / Yes, you must.

④must表推测时的反意疑问句——不考虑must

They must be playing basketball, aren’t they?

You must have studied English for years, haven’t you?

He must have finished it, hasn’t he?

He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he?

★must非得,一定要

—May I park in this amusement park?

—If you must, choose a place where there are few children.

Must you worry her with questions, just when she is busy cooking dinner? 4.should / ought to

①表示应该

You should complete your experiment in time.

②表示推测

They should be at home by now, I think. 到家

★情态动词+have done 对过去事实的一种猜测和判断

5.will / would

①表示意愿

I would go there with you.

②表示习惯和倾向性

This window won’t open.这扇窗户经常打不开。

When he was a child, he would go skiing.

*will如在疑问句中表示征求对方意见,则和第二人称连用

6.shall

①征求对方意见第一、三人称

What shall we do this evening?

Shall he come in?

②表示命令,警告,允诺,威胁第二、三人称

Every competitor shall arrive there in time.

If you behave well, you shall get a present.

You shall fail to pass the entrance examination if you don’t study harder.

★The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.

7.need, dare

通常用于疑问句和否定句

You needn’t go training if you feel tired.

=You don’t need to go training if you feel tired.

Dare he dive into the water from the bridge?

=Does he dare to dive into the water from the bridge?

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