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2018年3月份天津高考英语试卷 -英语试卷翻译详细解析Word版

2018 年 3 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试英语试卷详细解析---大山

Word版

第Ⅰ卷

注意事项：

1．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用

橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

2．本卷共55 小题，共95 分。

第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45 分）

第一节：单项填空（共15 小题；每小题1 分，满分15 分）

从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

例：Stand over there you’ll be able to see it better.

A．or B．and C．but D．while

答案是B。

1．—Shall I tell John our secret?

—No, you mustn’t. ______.

A．Take it easy （别紧张）B．It sounds like a great idea （听起来像个好主意）C．If you don’t mind（如果你不介意）

D．It’s just between you and me(它是你我之间的秘密)

答案：D

考点：情景对话

题干翻译：-----我能告诉John我们的秘密吗？主+谓+间宾+直宾句式-------不，绝对不能

根据题意应选D

2．Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ______ to complete the things you want to do.

A．it B．that C．them D．ones

答案：C

考点：代词辨析

题干翻译：专业技能是像刀和锤子一样的工具。你需要它们完成你想要做的事情。根据题意应选C

3．—What’s wrong with the door?

—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.

A．shouldn’t“不应该”B．mustn’t“禁止”C．needn’t“不需要”D．won’t “将不，不能”

答案：D

考点：情态词的否定辨析

题干翻译：-----门怎么了？

-------钥匙插进去拔不出来了

根据题意应选D

4．—I know you want to talk about this report, but I’d like to tell you about our new partner.

—______. We can talk about him later.

A．Let’s stick to the point“我们关注重点”B．It’s nice of you 你真好C．It’s really hard to say 难说D．You’ll make it 你会做到的

答案：A

考点：情景对话，stick to的词义--关注

题干翻译：-----我知道你想谈论此报告，但我想说一说我们的新搭档

------- ，我们可以稍后谈论他

根据题意应选A

5．It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to ______ a good map before you set out.

A．study研究B．display 显示C．deliver 递送，交付D．publish发行，发表答案：A

考点：动词词汇辨析

题干翻译：-----当你驶禁一座新城市，易迷路，所以出发前研究一张好地图很重

要。

根据题意应选A

6．Mrs. Taylor went around“走访”the shops, ______ what she thought was necessary.

A．ordered B．ordering C．to have ordered D．having been ordered

答案：B

题干翻译：-----泰勒夫人走访商店，订购所需非常必要。

考点：非谓语动词----现在分词作目的状语，同时具有伴随性，常放句尾，且有逗号分隔，

根据题意应选B

7．There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in. A．why（先行词是season的引导次）B．which（先行词为“物质”的引导词）C．whom（先行词为“人”的引导词，且在从句中作宾语）D．where （地点引导词，从句中作地点状语）

答案：D

题干翻译：-----接待处前排起了长长的队伍，每个人都在登记。

考点：定语从句，常考知识点，reception desk 是地点名词，去掉关系词，句子不缺成分，故选D，在从句中作地点状语。

另外，如果where引导地点状语从句，where前常为动词：We must camp where we can get what water.我们必须要在能得到水的地方扎营。（特别是军队长期驻守，必须临近水源，这是常识。记得马谡守街亭时，虽居高临下，但远离水源，被围后不打自乱，好惨........）

根据题意应选D

8．I jumped with joy the moment I ______ my driver’s license in the mail. A．receive B．received C．had received D．would receive

答案：B

题干翻译：-----邮包里收到驾照的那一刻，我欢呼雀跃。

考点：时间状语从句----欢呼雀跃和收到，同时发生，时态均为过去式，如果选了C，那是认为，先收到驾照，然后才欢呼，。通常情况下，经过辛苦努力，再经过严格的考试，盼呀盼，终于盼来了梦寐以求的驾照，一拿到手驾照，抑制不住激动的心情，就会欢呼雀跃，两个动作的发生，不会有时间间隔，所以不能选C。

根据题意应选B

9．Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on?

A．loss （损失）B．heat （使高温）C．spread （延展）D．defence （防御）答案：C

题干翻译：-----我们能阻止世界的日益沙化以拯救人类如此依赖的大陆吗？

考点：词语辨析

根据题意应选C

10．He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was ______ his father had expected.

A．why B．how C．that D．what

答案：D

题干翻译：-----他努力学习，后来成为一名著名作家，这也是其父所期盼的。

考点：表语从句. 整句是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代词前所述事实，做从句主语，从句中又嵌套一个表语从句，凡是句子要翻译成带“所”字的句子是，大多用what引导，且看：This is what I am interested in. 这是我所感兴趣的。

Take back what you said!收回你所说的话根据题意应选D

11．There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ______for medical research has been well spent.

A．used B．using C．to use D．to be used

答案：A

题干翻译：-----近几年医疗上有很多进步，那意味着用于医疗研究的钱花得其所。考点：非谓语动词。从备选项看，就能看出来考点是非谓语动词，后置于名词之后作定语，表示钱被用于某方面，记一个口诀：现在分词“表主动，表进行”；过去分词“表过去，标完成”

根据题意应选A

12．When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information.

A．point to（显示，表明）B．turn to（转向，求助于）C．attend to（注意，致力于）D．belong to（属于）

选B

题干翻译：当人们想扩大知识面时，经常求助于能提供信息的书。

考点：词语辨析，无他！

13．Make sure you save all your work on screen ______ the computer breaks down. A．in case（以防万一）B．as if（好像，似乎，仿佛）C．so that（以便）D．even though （即使）

选A

题干翻译：确保电脑上的工作全部保存，以防电脑出问题。

考点解析：引导目的状语从句

14．Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.

A．studied B．had studied

C．would study D．might have studied

答案B

考点：虚拟语气

题干：简多么希望大学时研究的是外贸而不是文学呀！

解析：由when she was in college.可知，是对过去时态的“虚拟”，不要受“wishes”

一词的误导。是对过去时态的“虚拟”，要用过去完成时.所以选B（天津英语高考，虚拟语气基本放在倒数几题）

15．What was it ______ brought you two together? Was it your love of music?

是什么把你们聚拢在一起的?是你们对音乐的热爱吗？

A．as B．who C．that D．which

允许强调谓语.技巧: :这几个关键词it is (was) who (that)，出现的时候，一般要考虑强调句型了，属于简单题型。

第二节：完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30 分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35 各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，

选出最佳选项。

Years of living with a lisp (口齿不清) had taught me it was better not to say

数年的口齿不清，叫我明白：少说为佳免尴尬

anything than to speak and risk embarrassment. As a result of my 16 , I felt

由于沉默的结果，（silence）distanced from most of my peers (同龄人).“Kathy? Oh, she’s quiet.” That’s

我感到了与同龄人的隔阂凯西，奥，她很安静

what most people would say when they 17 me, as if “Quiet” were part of 当人们谈论我（talked of）时，那是很多人会说的一句话。好像“安静”

my 18 . I was okay with that. I didn’t need to be 19 .

是我名字的一部分（name），我同意那个事实。我不需要被听见（heard）Last September, however, that all 20 . I started my creative writing class with

然而，去年9月，那个事实彻底改变（changed）。我开始跟Ms. Haist学习创意写作

Ms. Haist. Every day we would be given a different writing task and, if we

我们每天接受不同的写作任务

wished, we could 21 what we had written. I 22 listening to others read their

如果我们愿意，可以分享所写内容（share）。我记得（22D remember）聆

听其他人朗读作品时

work and thinking: “That will never be me. I’ll never have the 23 to do that.”

认为，“那从来不会是我，我也从不会有勇气朗读（23B courage）”

One day, I was really 24 with what I had written and wanted to share. My heart 一天，我真的自鸣得意我的所写，想分享（24C pleased）

was beating wildly as I raised my hand. Those 25 little voices were ringing in my ear, 我举起手时，心在剧烈的跳。那些（25B urgent ）小声音在我耳朵里骤然回响

“You have a lisp, remember? 26 , your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.” I was about “你有口吃，请得吗？(26A Besides而且)而且你写的不怎么好。安静！”

to 27 my hand when I met Ms. Haist’s encouraging eyes.

当我就要放下手时，看到了Ms. Haist鼓励的眼神(27D withdraw 撤回)。

I swallowed the voices down and let my real voice 28 . I could hear it 29 as I

我忍受着那不屑的声音，发出我真实的的声音（28C come out）。

read, and I could hear every stutter (结巴) and mistake.I finished reading, waiting to 当我朗读的时候，我能听到声音在颤抖（29A shaking），还有每次的结巴和错误。读完了，

be laughed at. 30 , I heard claps from the class and praise from Ms. Haist.

等待着嘲笑。（30D Unexpectedly没料到）没想到，听到了同学的掌声和Ms. Haist.的赞扬。

The next day, I did it 31 . Soon I was reading out loud nearly every day.

第二天，再次朗读（31A again），之后几乎每天我都在朗读。

Gradually, I realized that 32 my lisp, the class and the teacher always appreciated 渐渐地，我认识到（32C despite 尽管）尽管我口齿不清，同学、老师还是my writing. Now I may still not be the most 33 , social person, but I’ve become 欣赏我的写作的。现在我也许还不是最开朗的人（33B outgoing开朗的）

better at oral presentations.I 34 read my poetry out loud at a reading club.

但我在口头叙述上已经不错了。（34 A even甚至）我甚至在朗读俱乐部读

我的诗作

Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the 每次那些窃窃私语都企图告诉我保持安静，但我想起同学的鼓励，encouragement I received in class and I know that I 35 to be heard.

我就明白，我应当被聆听。

16．A．embarrassment B．excitement C．humor D．silence 17．A．heard from B．talked of C．called on D．looked for 18．A．name B．opinion C．duty D．business

19．A．seen B．heard C．followed D．protected 20．A．disappeared B．returned C．developed D．changed 21．A．examine B．practice C．share D．copy

22．A．regret B．consider C．imagine D．remember 。23．A．time B．courage C．patience D．evidence

24．A．busy B．strict C．pleased D．disappointed

25．A．tired B．urgent C．funny D．cheerful

26．A．Besides B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Normally 27．A．touch B．wave C．extend D．withdraw

28．A．go down B．die away C．come out D．calm down 29．A．shaking B．singing C．shouting D．deepening 30．A．Sadly B．Hopefully C．Honestly D．Unexpectedly 31．A．again B．alone C．already D．anyway

32．A．thanks to B．instead of C．despite D．except 33．A．serious B．outgoing C．nervous D．hardworking 34．A．even B．still C．only D．seldom

35．A．fear B．agree C．deserve D．pretend

第二部分：阅读理解（共20 小题；每小题2.5 分，满分50 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

When you choose a higher education course, here are some tips for you to follow. 这里准备了一些小窍门，供你选择高等教育课程参考。（tip 小窍门）Choosing your course

选择你的课程

There are a range of subjects and courses available. Many are work-related;

有一系列学科和课程可供选择。很多是工科的；

others are a cademic. You’ll need to look beyond the course title because courses 另一些是文科的，你不能仅仅看课程的名字，因为很多课程with almost the same name may differ enormously. For example, if you’re

名字几乎相同而内容大相径庭例如，如果你对

interested in construction but wish to use your creative skills, you may be better 建筑感兴趣，只想发挥你的创造性技能，（but 仅仅）你最适合suited to a building design management course than a building project

建筑设计管理课程而非建筑项目管理课程

management course.

Style of learning 学习方式

Think about the style of learning that best suits you. It’s important to study a

思考适合你的学习方式。学习你最喜爱的科目特别重要，subject that you particularly enjoy, but if you want to follow a career in a different

但是如果你想修不同领域的职业课，

area, you may consider taking the subjects you want to learn and joining them into 你可以选你想学和想纳入学位的课程

one degree. Many degree courses are made up of different subject modules which deal 很多学位课有不同的学科模块组成，且能迎合特色领域的兴趣。with particular areas of interest.

Choosing where to study 选择在哪里学习

Where you study can be almost as important as what you study. One thing to

选择在那里学习几乎和选择学什么一样重要。一个问题需要

consider is whether you want to live at home or move away. For some people,

考虑：宅在家里还是搬到外面学习，对于某些人来说，

living at home offers the best of both worlds, but it may make sense to move if 宅在家里比外面好。，

you want to study a particular course at a specific university or college. Many

如果你想在一个特色大学或学院学习特别的课程，在外面学习更能讲得通。

students value the experience of living on campus or in a different part of the

很多学生重视在校经历、在不同国家的经历作为大学生活的重要部分。

country as an important part of university life.

Finding out more about courses找出关于课程的更多信息

Once you’ve got a list of courses that appeal to you, it’s worth looking at some 一旦你列出对你有吸引力课程的清单，找一些关联他们根源信息，

other sources of information about them, like independent reports. These provide 也是有必要的，像一些独立报告。这些报告information on the numbers of students who finished the course, student

提供了完成课程的学生人数、满意度或更多的信息。

satisfaction and more.

Open days 开放日

Open days usually take place in spring or autumn. Although you may have an

开放日大多在秋季。虽然你对一门课有所

idea about what a course is like, there’s no substitute（替代）for attending a class 了解，但无法代替你亲自上一节课的效果。

yourself. If you can’t come on the open days, you can sign up for a guided tour 如果你开放日不能亲临，你可以报名参加有导游的浏览简介。

instead.

36．You need to look beyond the course title because courses with similar names may be ______.

A．creativity-focused

B．work-related

C．far different

D．quite similar

37．What are you advised to do if your interest disagrees with your future career? A．Add preferred subjects to your degree courses.

B．Choose the subjects based on your interest.

C．Earn different degrees.

D．Give up your interest.

38．What do we learn about from Para. 4?

A．Disadvantages of studying on campus.

B．Reasons for choosing where to study.

C．Importance of attending a nearby college.

D．Problems of going to a faraway university.

39．Why is it recommended to check independent reports?

A．To increase applicants’ interest.

B．To better understand a course.

C．To figure out how to complete a course.

D．To find out how different the courses are.

40．On the open days, would-be college students can ______.

A．sign up for a particular course

B．take a guided tour on the campus

C．see whether there is a substitute course

D．have a first-hand experience of a course

With a satisfied smile, Keisha finished the last sentence of her English essay

带着会心的微笑，凯莎结束了她英语文章的最后一个句子

about one of her heroes, Rosa Parks, an important figure in the Civil Rights Movement.

她的文章是关于她心目中的一个英雄---罗莎.帕克斯---民权运动的重要任务。

“Keisha,” her mother shouted from downstairs. “It’s almost 4:15.”

““凯莎”他妈妈从楼下喊她，“4:15了”

“Don’t worry. I won’t be late. ” Keisha pulled down a storybook from her

别担心，我不会迟到凯莎从书架上拿了一本故事书，

bookshelf，as she always read to the nur sing home’s residents. And on an impulse 因为她总是为养老院的居民读故事。一时心血来潮，（一时心血来潮）, she added her English notebook as well.

也拿了她英文笔记

As Keisha came running in the door, the manager told her, “We have a new

当凯莎跑来大门，（养老院）经理告诉她，“这周我们来了一个新居民

露比.温特森

resident this week, Mrs. Ruby Watson. She’s still adjusting to her new

她正处在适应新环境阶段，你可以在28号房间看见她，surroundings. You’ll find her in Room 28. And by the way, Keisha, good luck.”

顺便说一下，凯莎，祝你好运”

Keisha walked down the hallway at a quick pace. As she entered Room 28, she

凯莎轻步经过走廊。当她进入28号房间，

met two sharp brown eyes staring at her doubtfully.

遇到了两道棕色锐利疑惑的目光

“I’m Keisha Jackson, a volunteer,” Keisha explained. “I come here to help pass

“我是凯莎.杰克逊，志愿者”凯莎解释道

the time with residents, or read to them, or, . . .” Keisha started stammering（结巴）“我来帮助（养老院居民）度过适应期，或为他们阅读，或者......”

as Mrs. Watson continued to stare at her.

怀特森夫人继续瞪着她，凯莎开始结巴了。

“I didn’t request anyone to keep me company,” Mrs. Watson interrupted. “I’m

“我不需要任何人陪伴（keep company陪伴）”怀特森夫人打断了她

alone most of the time, and that’s how I prefer it.”

“我大部分时间独处，那是我喜欢这样的方式。”

“I brought along some funny stories,” Keisha said hesitantly.

“I’m not in the mood for funny stories,” Mrs. Watson replied angrily. “What else “我对滑稽故事没兴致”怀特森夫人生气地回答.“你还有别的事吗？”

do you have?”

Nervously, Keisha opened her notebook to her essay. She read the title aloud,

凯莎提心吊胆地打开她文章的笔记本。她大声朗读题目

“Rosa Parks: A Woman of Courage and Conviction（信念）.” She glanced at Mrs.

罗莎.帕克斯：一个勇敢、信念坚定的女士她瞥了一眼

Watson to see how she might react, but to her surprise, Mrs. Watson’s face

怀特森夫人，看她怎样的反应，使她惊奇的是，怀特森夫人面色

relaxed and her eyes shone. “Read to me about Rosa,” Mrs. Watson said.

舒缓下来，双眼炯炯有神，怀特森夫人说“给我读罗莎”

Keisha read how Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger on a 凯莎读出了：1955年在公交车上拒绝给白人乘客让座，鼓舞人心，

bus in 1955 inspired the protest that became a turning point in the struggle for 致使抗议活动成了民权斗争的转折点。

civil rights.

“I walked with Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King,” Mrs. Watson said with pride. 怀特森夫人自豪地说：“我和罗莎.帕克斯、马丁.路德.金并行而走”

“That was the greatest moment of my life because…” She paused.

“那是我一生中最伟大的时刻因为......”她暂停了一下

“Because… you were a woman of courage and conviction too.”

“因为......你也是一位勇敢、信念坚定的女士”

Sitting up straighter, Mrs. Watson said, “Yes, I was and I still am. Thank you for 怀特森夫人端坐起来，说“我曾经是，我（现在）仍然是，谢谢提醒我reminding me, Keisha. Next Thursday, I will tell you my story.”

凯莎，下周二我愿意告诉你我的故事”

41．Why did Keisha take her English notebook along?

A．Her mother asked her to take it.

B．She would hand it in on her way.

C．She might read her essay to someone.

D．The manager wanted to read her essay.

42．Why did the manager wish Keisha good luck before she visited Mrs. Watson? A．Mrs. Watson could be difficult.

B．Mrs. Watson was in poor health.

C．Keisha was feeling nervous.

D．Keisha was a shy person.

43．Mrs. Watson’s eyes (Para. 10) suggested that she was ______.

A．amused

B．puzzled

C．annoyed

D．interested

44．What effect did Keisha’s essay have on Mrs. Watson?

A．It aroused her curiosity in volunteer work.

B．It built up her expectation for more visitors.

C．It awoke her pride in her struggle for civil rights.

D．It changed her attitude to the Civil Rights Movement.

45．Readers may find this story inspiring because ______.

A．a girl enjoys learning about her heroes

B．a girl helps someone feel appreciated

C．a woman overcomes hardship by herself

D．a woman gathers the courage for life

If you were bringing friends home to visit, you could show them the way. You 如果你想朋友到家做客，你可以给他们指明道路。你知道哪些know the landmarks—a big red house or a bus-stop sign. But what if you were 标志-----一所大的红房子或者一个公交车站牌。但要是游在大西洋里

swimming in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean? Could you still find your way

又怎样你？你仍能找到回家的路吗？

home? A loggerhead turtle（海龟）could.

海龟就能。

According to Dr. Ken Lohmann, loggerheads have a magnetic（磁力的）sense 据Dr. Ken Lohmann研究，红海龟基于地球磁场而有磁力感应

based on Earth’s magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding

磁力感应帮助他们定位最佳你是地点和food and their home beaches.

寄居的海滩。

Scientists already know that several other animals, such as whales and honeybees can detect（探测到）magnetic fields. 科学家已经知道另几种动物，像鲸鱼，蜜蜂也能探测磁场。

The difference between them and loggerheads, however, is the way they learn to 然而他们和红海龟不同的是，他们习得和应用磁力感应的方法不同。

use their magnetic sense.

Young whales and honeybees can learn from adults. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs. 幼小的鲸鱼和幼小的蜜蜂能从成年的鲸鱼和蜜蜂学到技能。

而红海龟还是卵蛋时就被抛弃了。

As newborn loggerheads have no adults to learn from, what helps them figure

新生海龟不能从成年海龟那里学到什么，那么什么帮助了他们认知怎样应用out how to use their magnetic sense? Lohmann thinks one of the cues was light 磁性感应的? Lohmann认为线索之一就是海上的灯光

on the sea.

Baby loggerheads hatch only at night. However, a small amount of light reflects 幼龟只在夜间孵化，然而众多的小光点反射到海上，

off the ocean. The light makes that region brighter. Heading toward the light

灯光照亮了海域。头朝灯光有助与海龟helps them get quickly out to sea, where they can find food. Lohmann tested

迅速浮出海面，在那里找到食物。

whether newborn loggerheads use this light source to set their magnetic

“compasses”（罗盘）.

新生红海龟是否用这种光源设置他们的磁性“罗盘”呢？

He and his team put some newborns in a water tank and recorded which way they swam. Around the tank, the scientists created a magnetic field that matched the Earth’s.Lohmann和团队放一些新生龟于水箱里，并记录它们游动的方向。They set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field. Then they let the newborns go. 他们设置弱光于磁场之东，引导幼龟游动.

At first, the newborns swam toward the light. After the scientists turned off the 初始，幼龟朝着光亮游动。科学家关掉灯光之后

light, the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward east.

在磁场之东看到光亮的海龟总是向着东方游动

When the researchers reversed（颠倒）the magnetic field, these turtles turned around and swam toward the new “east”. 当研究员颠倒磁场之后，这些海龟调转方向，向着新的“东方游去”

This and the follow-up experiments all showed that loggerheads use light from 这和跟踪实验都表明：红头龟用来自外界的灯光设置了它们的磁力“罗盘”

the outside world to set their magnetic “compasses” and then remember the

并且记住了这个“正确”方向。

“correct” direction. If a turtle hatches on a brightly-lit beach, that would damage

如果海龟在明亮的海滩孵化，那将不断地损害its magnetic sense forever and make survival hard for the turtle.

它的磁力感应并使生存困难。

Lohmann’s work has led others to protect the habitat of this endangered species.

Lohmann的实验，已经引起其他人去保护频域灭绝物种的栖息地。

Yet many questions about these creatures remain unanswered, and researchers

have a lot to study.

然而关于这些生物的未解之谜，研究员仍要进行大量的研究。

46．Loggerheads and whales differ in the way they ______.

A．bring up their young

B．recognize landmarks

C．detect magnetic fields 干扰项，海龟是set，设置磁场，而不是detect D．learn to find directions

47．What is needed for newborn loggerheads to set their magnetic sense? A．Weak light reflected off the ocean. 毫无疑问，无干扰项

B．Help from adult loggerheads.

C．Bright sunlight from the sky.

D．Food in warmer waters.

48．In the experiment, after the newborns’ magnetic sense was set, their moving direction

was determined by ______.

A．the light

B．the magnetic field 毫无疑问，无干扰项

C．other unknown factors

D．the light and the magnetic field

49．What is the significance of Lohmann’s research work?

A．It enables researchers to keep track of turtles.

B．It contributes to the studies of the magnetic field.

C．It offers a new solution to environmental pollution.

D．It helps protect the loggerheads’ living environment. 干扰项多，逐项排除50．What could be the best title of the passage?

A．Experiments on Loggerheads 最大干扰项

B．The Survival of the Sea Turtle

C．The Loggerhead’s Built-in “Compass”

D．Comparison of Loggerheads and Other Animals

Most people aren’t good at creative problem solving for two reasons: (1) They

are not trained in how to be creative. (2) They don’t understand group strength well enough to harness（驾驭）their power to maximize group creativity.

众人不擅长创造性解决问题原因二：他们在创造性方面没有受到培训；他们不明白群里群策足够驾驭他们的力量，致使群组创造性达到最大化。

A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem.

创造力的一个关键因素是应用现有知识解决新问题。

The more people getting involved in solving it, the more knowledge there is to work on it. 人们越多地涉及创新地解决问题，就会有越多的知识被应有。

Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. 不幸的是，研究表明：传统的脑力风暴并不能如愿以偿达到目的

When groups get together to exchange ideas, they actually come up with fewer ideas overall than if they each had worked alone.

当群组聚合交换解决方法时，他们实际上给出的方法不及单打独斗得出的方法多。

To fix this problem, you should consider the two stages of group problem-solving: divergence（分散）and convergence（集中）.

针对这个问题，你应该考虑群组解决问题的两阶段：分散和集中。

Divergence happens when the group considers as many different potential solutions as possible. 分散产生(于第一阶段)：当群组认为有狠多潜在的解决方法存在时

Convergence happens when the various proposed solutions are evaluated and reduced to a smaller set of candidate solutions to the current problem.

分散产生(于第二阶段)：对于当前各种方案被评估，并逐步缩小到一小套可行方案。

The essential principle of group creativity is that individuals working alone diverge, whereas group members working together converge. 群组创造性的基本原则是：个人工作单打独斗；群组工作集思广益。

In groups, once a member states a potential solution, that makes others think

about the problem similarly. 群组中一人陈述潜在的解决方案可使其他人产生类似解决方案。

That is why groups working together diverge less than individuals working alone. 这就是群组工作效率低于个人单独工作效率的原因所在。

Therefore, be aware of when to diverge and when to converge. For example,

因此，要意识到何时分散，何时集中。例如，

early in the problem-solving process, have group members work alone to write down statements describing the problem. 解决问题的早期过程，让成员单独写下解决问题的描述

Then get them back to discuss their descriptions. 然后把他们集中回来，讨论他们的描述。

The group discussion will lead everyone to accept one or a small number of these statements to work on—this is healthy convergence. 群组讨论将引导每个人接受一个或少数个解决方案----这是有意的集中。

When starting to generate solutions, you again want divergence.

当快要开始形成解决方案是，你要再次想起集中。

Have people work alone to start. 使成员开始单独工作。

Then collect people’s initial ideas and send them around to others and allow the divergence to continue as everyone individually builds on the ideas of other members.

然后收集成员的最初想法并发送给其他成员，允许其他成员基于别人想法的基础上创新。

Finally, let the group discuss the resulting ideas. 最后，让群组讨论结果方案。

This discussion will gradually lead the group to converge on a small number of candidate solutions. 这个讨论将逐渐的引导群组把思想集中到一小套可行的方案上。

This simple method works effectively, because it respects what individuals and groups do best方法.简单，高效运转，因为他巧妙的关注了个人的想法和群组的

想法

51．Research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods ______. A．actually limit group creativity

B．greatly encourage group creativity

C．enable people to form more ideas together

D．p revent people’s involvement in the problems

52．According to Para. 4, when a member presents an idea, others tend to ______. A．think the other way round

B．follow his way of thinking

C．be more confident in their own ideas

D．be less willing to share their own ideas

53．What should group members first do early in the problem-solving process? A．Discuss the problem.

B．Simplify the problem.

C．Put down group statements together.

D．Write down their individual descriptions.

54．How can each group member make changes to his initial solution?

A．By adding in collected evidence.

B．By reorganizing his own words.

C．By drawing on others’ ideas.

D．By making his statement briefer.

55．What is the author’s purpose in writing the p assage?

A．To advocate a way to make group thinking more effective.

B．To demonstrate the difficulty in organizing group thinking.

C．To highlight the differences between divergence and convergence.

D．To show the advantage of group thinking over individual thinking.

第二节：书面表达（满分25 分）

假设你是晨光中学的学生李津。你在某网站的论坛上读到一位名为Chris 的外国学生

发的帖子，得知他有意来中国的大学学习。请根据以下提示给Chris 留言：

（1）鼓励他来中国留学；

（2）说明来华留学的好处（如：加深对中国的了解，对个人发展的益处等）；

2018年3月份天津高考英语试卷(WORD版本)

绝密★启用前 2018年3月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时 100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。祝各位考生考试顺利！第Ⅰ卷注意事项： 1．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2．本卷共55小题，共95分。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Stand over there you’ll be able to see it better. A．or B．and C．but D．while 答案是B。 1．—Shall I tell John our secret? —No, you mustn’t. ______. A．Take it easy C．If you don’t mind B．It sounds like a great idea D．It’s just between you and me 2．Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ______ to complete the things you want to do. A．it B．that C．them D．ones 3．—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.

2018年3月份天津高考英语试卷--英语试卷翻译详细解析Word版

2018 年 3 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试英语试卷详细解析---大山 Word版第Ⅰ卷注意事项： 1．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2．本卷共 55 小题，共 95 分。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Stand over there you’ll be able to see it better. A．or B．and C．but D．while 答案是 B。 1．—Shall I tell John our secret? —No, you mustn’t. ______. A．Take it easy （别紧张）B．It sounds like a great idea （听起来像个好主意）

C．If you don’t mind（如果你不介意） D．It’s just between you and me(它是你我之间的秘密) 答案：D 考点：情景对话题干翻译：-----我能告诉John我们的秘密吗？主+谓+间宾+直宾句式-------不，绝对不能根据题意应选D 2．Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ______ to complete the things you want to do. A．it B．that C．them D．ones 答案：C 考点：代词辨析题干翻译：专业技能是像刀和锤子一样的工具。你需要它们完成你想要做的事情。根据题意应选C 3．—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A．shouldn’t“不应该”B．mustn’t“禁止”C．needn’t“不需要”D．won’t “将不，不能” 答案：D 考点：情态词的否定辨析题干翻译：-----门怎么了？ -------钥匙插进去拔不出来了根据题意应选D 4．—I know you want to talk about this report, but I’d like to tell you a bout our new partner. —______. We can talk about him later. A．Let’s stick to the point“我们关注重点”B．It’s nice of you 你真好

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。。 . . 。。. . 2005～2006学年上期期末考试高一英语试卷分析雅安市教科所英语组本次高一英语考试题满分为150分，试题难易适度。但是，从全市高一6780多名学生的答题情况来看，却不容乐观。全市高一英语平均分仅为66.45分，得分率仅为0.44，最高分134分，最低分6分，差异系数33.49。这些数据基本反映出我市高一英语教学质量的现状。这些数据表明我市高一英语教学质量不高，在全省处于落后位置，形势非常严峻，须引起全市高一英语教师高度注意。为此，我们必须认真总结经验，找出差距，认真分析存在的问题，采取措施，改进教学方法，为提高英语教学质量而努力工作。为了帮助高一英语老师搞好教学工作，我们对试题进行了统计分析(请见统计表)，并将我们的意见简述如下：

本试卷分为听力测试、单项填空、完形填空、阅读理解、写作五道大题，下面分大题进行逐题分析与探讨，并结合教学提出建议。一、听力测试。该试题以考查对于口头语言的理解为目的，要求学生能够听懂日常交际中发音清楚、语速正常的简短对话和独白。本题满分30分，全市平均分19.57，最高分30分，最低分0分。本题是全卷中难度最低的题，难度系数为0.65。本题也是学生得分最高的题，说明学生的听力有所提高。本题虽是学生得分最高的题，但是老师和同学们对此决不能骄傲自满。须知，本试题的难度距高考试题尚有一定的差距。在今后的教学中，教师应指导学生多听地道的标准的英美人的录音材料，在教学中应尽量用英语组织教学，鼓励学生在课堂内外大胆地主动地朗读英语，用英语进行对话，不断地提高学生们的听力水平。二、单项填空。本试题主要考查学生对英语语法、词汇知识和较为简单的表达方式的掌握情况。本题满分25分，全市平均分11.54，最高分25分，最低分0分，难度系数为0.46。学生得分较低。本题学生得分较低，说明不少的学生在基本的语法掌握上还有差距。本试题既注重考查语言形式，也注重考查语义内容，还注重考查语言的运用。学生得分低，说明学生在语言的运用上还存在较大的差距。在今后的教学中，教师要指导学生掌握基本的英语语法知识、词汇知识和较为简单的表达方式，还要在此基础上培养学生在特定的语言环境中运用语言的能力。三、完形填空。本试题主要考查学生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况，本题满分30分，全市平均分12.51分，最

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