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2015年高中英语 Unit1 School life语法定语从句讲练(1)牛津译林版必修1

Unit1 School life

定语从句（1）

一、基本概念

（一）定语从句

在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

（二）先行词

被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。

（三）关系代词和关系副词

定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。

二、关系代词的用法

（一）基本用法

根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。

如下表：

例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）

① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）

② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）

③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）

④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）

⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）

注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④）

（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况

which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。

但在有些情况下，只用 that。

⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。

例如：

① This is the best that has been used against pollution.

② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.

⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。

例如：

① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.

② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.

⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。

例如：

① You should hand in all that you have.

② We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。

例如：

① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.

② The little money (that) he had was stolen.

（三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况

⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。

例如：

① O ne who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.

② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.

⑵先行词是those时。

例如：

① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.

（四）其它情况

⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时。

例如：

① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.

⑵ 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。

例如：

① Which is the bike that you lost?

② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

（五）与whose有关的问题

⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。

例如：

① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.

② Please show me the book whos e cover is red.

⑵ 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。

例如：

① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.

→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或

→ The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.

三、介词前提的问题

关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。

例如：

Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with 的宾语）

→Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now?

但是，要注意的是：

⑴ 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或

who。

⑵ 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。

⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of 等。

例如：

①错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?

正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?

②错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.

正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.

四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。

例如：

①Who is the guy that is reading over there?

②The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over

25,000.

③All that needs to be done has been done.

④He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study.

⑤Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.

例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。

that与which, who, whom的用法区别：

二、语法知识拓展

（一）选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。

1. Rice is a plant ________ is grown in the south.

2. Those ________ want to go please sign their names here.

3. All ________ glitters is not gold.

4. This is the only way leads to your success.

5. Both the girl and her dog were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.

6. This is the biggest building ________we have ever built in our school.

7. This is the second school ________ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.

8. There is a mountain ________ top is always covered with snow.

9. You can take any seat ________ is free.

10. Could you tell me from _________ you borrowed this book?

（二）用定语从句合并下列句子

1. The lady is a film star.

You took a photo of the lady yesterday.

___________________________________________________________________

2. What’s the address of the factory?

We noticed the advertisement of the factory the other day.

___________________________________________________________________

3. This is the stadium

He often goes to the stadium on Sundays.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. A professor is going to give us a speech this Friday afternoon.

He has been working on environmental protection.

_____________________________________________________________________

5. He hasn’t got enough money.

He can buy a laptop with the money.

_____________________________________________________________________

（三）单项填空

1. Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there?

A. who

B. /

C. that

D. when

2. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month.

A. the nurse is talking to him

B. whom the nurse is talking

C. the nurse is talking to

D. who the nurse is talking

3. He talked about a hero no one had ever heard.

A. of whom

B. from whom

C. about that

D. who

4. Have you read the book I lent to you?

A. that

B. whom

C. when

D. whose

5. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.

A. who

B. as

C. about which

D. with whom

6. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.

A. which price

B. the price of whose

C. its price

D. whose price

7. Lily, is Helen ______ you want to introduce me to?

A. that

B. who

C. whom

D. the girl

8. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers ______ they had seen.

A. that

B. who

C. which

D. what

9. This is the only bus ______ goes to the village school.

A. /

B. that

C. where

D. it

10. Is there a shop around _______sells China Daily?

A. who

B. where

C. in which

D. which

11. She was the only one of the girls in our class _______ accepted as candidate

for the president of our Students’ Union.

A. who was

B. who were

C. who has been

D. who have been

12. She is no longer the sweet little girl ______ she used to be.

A. what

B. who

C. when

D. that

13. Is this singer ______ songs you like best?

A. who’s

B. whose

C. which D the one whose

14. He got angry with _____ was against his opinion.

A. who

B. whomever

C. whoever

D. no matter who

15. Anyone _____with what I said may raise your hand.

A. which agrees

B. who agree

C. who agrees

D. which agree

16. That’s the dog ______.

A. we’ve been looking after

B. afte r which we’ve been looking

C. what we’ve been looking after

D. we’ve been taking care for

17. This is the last time ______ I’ll give you a lesson.

A. when

B. that

C. what

D. as

18. The family _____ I stayed with in Paris are coming to London.

A. whose

B. which

C. what

D. whom

19. This is the very knife ______ I used to cut apples yesterday.

A. that

B. by which

C. which

D. with which

20. China has many rivers, _____ the Yangtze River is the longest..

A. which

B. in which

C. among which

D. one of which

21. The use they are ______ the waste helps to save a lot of money.

A. made of

B. made from

C. making up of

D. making of

22. That tree, the branches ______ are almost bare, is a very old one.

A. whose

B. in which

C. of which

D. of it

23. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.

A. that

B. who

C. from whom

D. to whom

24. What is the way Smith thought of ______ enough money to buy the new house?

A. getting

B. having got

C. being got

D. to get

25. Jack spent as much time as he could ______ over his lessons.

A. going

B. went

C. go

D. to go

26. The freezing point is the temperature ______ water changes into ice.

A. at which

B. on that

C. when

D. of which

27. I am impressed by the fact that he makes good use of every minute _____ he can spare.

A. that

B. in which

C. in that

D. when

28. This is the last time ______ I will write to you.

A. when

B. that

C. what

D. as

29. I don’t like the way ______ he spoke to me.

A. what

B. by which

C. by that

D. /

30. The train ______ he was traveling was delayed for more than an hour.

A. by which

B. on which

C. for which

D. on that

（四）改错

1. Is this museum you visited a few days ago?

___________________________________________________________________

2. The girl which is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.

___________________________________________________________________

3. He rushed to help the man his car was trapped in the mud.

___________________________________________________________________

4. All which is need is supply of oil.

___________________________________________________________________

5. This is the best film which I have seen this year.

___________________________________________________________________

6. The cake you made it yesterday was very delicious.

___________________________________________________________________

7. Do you know the man wrote the letter?

_____________________________________________________________________

8. Who is the great man who saved my boy?

_____________________________________________________________________

9. Here are the patients after whom you will look.

_____________________________________________________________________

10. This is all the money with that he can buy a Christmas present for his mother.

_____________________________________________________________________

参考答案

（一）选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。

1. that/which

2. who

3. that

4. that

5. that

6. (that)

7. (that)

8. whose

9. that 10. whom

（二）用定语从句合并下列句子

1. The lady (that/who/whom) you took a photo of yesterday is a film star.

2. What’s the address of the factory whose advert isement we noticed the other day?

3. This is the stadium he often goes to on Sundays.

4. A professor who/that has been working on environmental protection is going to give us a speech this Friday afternoon.

5. He hasn’t got enough money with which he can buy a laptop.

（三）单项填空

1-5 CCAAD 6-10 DDABD 11-15 AD DCC 16-20 ABDAC 21-25 DCDDA

26-30 AABDB

（四）改错

1. Is this the museum you visited a few days ago?

或者Is this museum the one you visited a few days ago?

2. The girl who/that is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.

3. He rushed to help the man whose car was trapped in the mud.

4. All that is need is supply of oil.

5. This is the best film (that) I have seen this year.

6. The cake you made yesterday was very delicious.

7. Do you know the man who/that wrote the letter?

8. Who is the great man that saved my boy?

9. Here are the patients whom you will look after.

10. This is all the money with which he can buy a Christmas present for his mother.

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高一英语定语从句讲解精华版完整版

高一英语定语从句讲解精华版 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】

定语从句一、基本概念：定语：定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当：关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当：先行词：定语从句中引关系词的作用：二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week

（二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts.

高中英语非限定性定语从句语法归纳

非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。

高中英语定语从句基础知识精讲

定语从句一﹑概念定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在它修饰的先行词之后，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。定语从句就其与先行词的关系，可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与先行词的关系十分密切，如果去掉该从句，主句意思就不能表达完整。通常情况下，朗读时中间没有停顿，从句和主句之间不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系很松散，去掉从句，主句意思仍然清楚，从句只是作附加说明。朗读时中间一般有停顿，从句和主句之间用逗号分开。如： Yesterday I met one of my friends, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我遇到了一位老朋友，他好像很忙。 They want to set up a country of their own, where they can be their own masters. 他们想建立自己的国家，在那儿他们可以当家作主。这里我们先讨论限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句使被修饰的词代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物，这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完整的意思，定语从句不能拿掉，否则剩下的主句就会失去意义，显得莫名其妙，不知所云而不能成立。二、关系代词（1）最常用的关系代词是who, whom, whose, that和which。关系代词同时起了两个作用。它们可以像别的代词一样，可以代表一个名词，在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，同时，它们又起到了连词的作用，把主句和从句连接起来。如： 1. What’s the name of the girl who just came in? 刚才进来的那位姑娘叫什么名字？ 2. Do you know the gentleman that spoke just now? 刚才发言的那位先生你认识吗？ 3. The train which has just left is for Xi’an.刚开的那列火车是开往西安的。 4. He is a man whom we should learn from. 他是一个大家都应学习的人。 5. You can take anything that you like. 你可以拿任何你喜欢的东西。【注】句1.2.3.中的关系代词who, that, which分别代表先行词girl, gentleman和train，同时引导了定语从句，在定语从句中做主语。句4.5.中关系代词whom和that分别代表先行

高一英语定语从句讲解精华版

(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.

高中定语从句详细讲解

高中定语从句详细讲解（一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？

高中英语语法系列：定语从句

高中英语语法系列：定语从句知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中，who lives next to me是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。二、关系词引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。

1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句：先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.

高一英语定语从句教案

高一英语定语从句教案一、基本概念 1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中）宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ）关系词时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例：门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。

2017高一英语定语从句讲解

定语从句讲解 1．定语从句：复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable. Those who work hard will make progress. 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 1）关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 2）关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。但直接介词后只用whom,不可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend.（whom不可省略） 3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry. 4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man (that / whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： We live in a house,__________ windows face the sea. We live in a house,___________ the windows face the sea. We live in a house, the windows__________ face the sea We live in a beautiful house, and the windows _________ face the sea Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=_____________________=_________________ （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. =The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：

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