英语词汇学及答案

英语词汇学

第一部分选择题

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）

1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]

A. lewd → ignorant

B. silly → foolish

C. last → pleasure

D. knave → boy

2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]

A. humour

B. sarcasm

C. ridicule

D. all the above

3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]

A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation

B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation

C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation

D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation

4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]

A. synecdoche

B. metonymy

C. substitution

D. metaphor

5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]

A. adjectives

B. attributes

C. modifiers

D. words

6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]

A. vocabulary

B. grammar

C. semantic pattern

D. syntactic structure

7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]

A. addition

B. replacement

C. position-shifting

D. variation

8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]

A. onomatopoeically motivated

B. morphologically motivated

C. semantically motivated

D. etymologically motivated

9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]

A. clear grammar codes

B. language notes

C. usage notes

D. extra columns

10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]

A. Dorm

B. motel

C. Gent

D. Zoo

11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]

A. 30,000 to 40,000

B. 50,000 to 60,000

C. 70,000 to 80,000

D. 80,000 to 90,000

12. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]

A. Roots

B. Stems

C. Affixes

D. Compounds

13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]

A. Dutch origin

B. Danish origin

C. Latin origin

D. Greek origin

14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]

A. is used by the same speech community

B. represents something else in the world

C. is both simple and complex in nature

D.shows different ideas in different sounds

15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]

A. are complex words.

B. are technical words

C. refer to the commonest things in life.

D. denote the most important concepts.

第二部分非选择题

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）

16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.

17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.

18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.

19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.

20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms（10％）

21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish

22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl

23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated

24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state

25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond

26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated

27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)

28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)

29. extension ( ) I. part of speech

30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)

IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）

31. heart and soul ( )

32. father—male parent ( )

33. mother—female parent ( )

34. city-bred ( )

35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )

36. headache ( )

37. antecedent ( )

38. preview ( )

39. receive ( )

40. called ( )

V. Define the following terms（10％）

41. specialized dictionary

42. collocative meaning

43. transfer

44. morpheme

45. old English

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）

46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.

47. What is dismembering?

48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The ‘pen' is mightier than the ‘sword'.

Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.

50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)

The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.

英语词汇学

第一部分选择题

I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. A

6. D

7. B

8. D

9. D 10. B

11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C

第二部分非选择题

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16. stylistic

17.monolingual

18.semantic opposition

19. degradation 或 pejoration

20.productivity and collocability

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)

21. I 22. C 23. F 24. B 25. E

26. D 27. J 28. G 29. H 30. A

IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)

31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature

32. conceptual meaning

33. conceptual meaning

34. n+v-ed

35. backformation

36. n+v

37. bound root

38. prefix

39. bound root

40. inflectional affix/morpheme

V. Define the following terms.(10%)

41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)

42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)

43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.

44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.

45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)

46. 要点： Radiation Concatenation

i) primary meaning i) first sense

ii）次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接

iii）名词语义互不依赖 iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象

47. 要点：

（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）

（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）

（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）

注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）

48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:

pretty handsome

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. 答案要点

1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)

3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)

50.要点：

（1）it is ambiguous（2分）

（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）

（3）stop drinking can be understood as

1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分 )

2）police stop people drinking (1分)

（4）improvement（3分）

1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.

2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.

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