初中英语语法备考专题01 名词(专项练习)(解析版)

名词专项练习题（解析板）

一、真题分类

1.My daughter helps me cook,but she isn't old enough to be left alone in the __________.

A.bedroom

B.classroom

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0a7523178.html,b

D.kitchen

【答案】：D

【解析】句意：我女儿帮我做饭，但她还没到可以独自待在厨房里的年龄。本题考查名词词义辨析。根据前句中的cook可知，这里应该说的是厨房。故选择D

2.The_______of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.

A.silence

B.purpose

C.culture

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0a7523178.html,nguage

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这个活动的目的是为一所新医院募捐。本题考查名词词义辨析。silence寂静，安静；purpose目的；culture文化；language语言。由句意可知本题答案为B。

3.-Sally's favorite_______is orange.

- I see . That's why all her sweaters are orange .

A.fruit

B.color

C.juice

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——Sally 最喜欢的颜色是橙色。——我知道，那就是为什么她所有的毛衣都是橙色的。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项fruit意为“水果”；B选项color意为“颜色”；C选项juice意为“果汁”。由句意可知本题选择B。（知识拓展）注意本题题干中orange一词，orange作名词，意为“橙子，橙色，橙子汁”；作形容词，意为“橙色的”。

4.—Dad,what is the loudspeaker saying?

—— It is to the _____ . The flight to Wuhan is boarding now .

A . customers

B . passengers

C . members

D . tourists

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——爸爸，喇叭里正在说什么？——那是对乘客说的飞往武汉的航班正在登机。本题考查名词的词义辨析。A:顾客B:乘客；C:成员；D:游客。根据关键词flight和boarding可知，此处应该是对乘客们说的话，故本题选择B。

5.One___of the book is missing,so I can't learn the whole story.

A.copy

B.page

C.writer

D.reader

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这本书的其中一页不见了，所以我无法了解整个故事本题考查名词词义辨析。A:复制品；B:页；C:作者；D:读者。根据句意可知，其中的一页不见了，故选B。6.——I go running every day.

——Wow ! That's a good ________ . It keeps you healthy .

A . task

B . exercise

C . habit

【答案】C

【解析】句意：——我每天都跑步。——哇！那是个好习惯。它能让你保持健康。本题考查名词。每天都坚持做一件事应该说是一种“习惯”，故选C

易错警示本题易误选B。但本题强调的重心是“每天跑步”这件事，而并非强调运动类型是“跑步”

7.For his son's birthday,Steven is taking him to the new movie as a

A.task B . treat C . choice D . visit

【答案】B

【解析】句意：为了庆祝儿子的生日，Steven打算带他去看新电影作为款待。本题考查名词词义辨析。A.任务；B.款待；C.选择；D.拜访。as a treat 作为款待，故选B项。

8.I like this song.It's by one of my favorite____.

A.singers

B.dancers

C.painters

D.writers

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我喜欢这首歌。它是由我最喜欢的歌手之一演唱的。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项意为“歌手”；B选项意为“舞者”；C选项意为“画家”；D选项意为“作家”。根据句意可知本题选择A。

9.—Tomorrow is Mum's birthday.Let's buy some flowers for her.

-OK . I know she likes __________ best .

A.dresses

B.rings

C.handbags

D.roses

【答案】D

【解析】句意：—明天是妈妈的生日。我们给她买些花吧。——好的。我知道她最喜欢玫瑰。本题考查名词词义辨析。dress连衣裙；ring戒指；handbag手袋；rose玫瑰。根据上文的flowers可知，说话人打算买花，故选D项。

10.-Keep quiet,son!I need complete ________when I'm working .

-Sorry, Dad. I won't make any noise again.

A.trust

B.silence

C.control

D.strength

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——保持安静，儿子！我工作时需要完全的安静。——对不起，爸爸。我不会再制造噪音了。本题考查名词词义辨析。trust信任；silence沉默，寂静，无声；control 控制；strength力气。complete silence完全没有声音，符合题意。故选B项

(思路分析）由题目中的Keep quiet以及I won't make any noise again.可知爸爸工作需要安静，此处可通过上下句的逻辑关系判定，所以考生要注意句子的含义和语境的影响11.—Lucy,how about going to the____?

- Sounds great ! Reading books can give us much pleasure .

A . library

B . cinema

C . museum

D . concert

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——露西，去图书馆怎么样？——听起来很好！读书能给我们很多乐趣。本题考查名词词义辨析。答语中提到读书的好处，由此可知是提议去看书，应该去图书馆。故选A。library图书馆：cinema电影院；museum博物馆；concert音乐会

12.——What should we do for the camping trip?——We'd better make a ______ of things like foods,drinks,medicine and so on.

A.list

B.card

C.report

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——我们应该为野营旅行做什么？——我们最好列一张诸如食物、饮料、药等物品的清单。本题考查名词。list清单；card卡片；report报道。根据后面的like foods,drinks,medicine and so on可知，此处是指列出一张清单。故选A。

13.In China,the color red is the of good luck.

A.dream

B.way

C.symbol

D.reason

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在中国，红色是好运的象征。本题考查名词的词义辨析。dream梦想；way 方式，道路；symbol象征，标志；reason理由。；根据句意可知此处应选C。

14.——Sir,did you enjoy your stay in our _____?

——-Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast

A.hotel

B.school

C.factory

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0a7523178.html,pany

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——先生，您在我们酒店过得愉快吗？——是的，我睡得很好，我也喜欢你们的早餐。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项意为“酒店”；B选项意为“学校”；C选项意为“工厂”；D选项意为“公司”。由句意可知本题选择A。

15.He rides a bike to work every day in order to keep in__________.

A.support

B.service

C.surface

D.shape

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他每天骑自行车上班，目的是保持健康。本题考查名词。support支持；service 服务；surface表面。keep in shape是固定搭配，意思是保持健康。故选D。

知识拓展“保持健康”在英语中有很多固定搭配：keep/stay healthy;keep in good health;keep fit 等

二、考点一名词词义辨析

1.——What is the___of your excellent spoken English ?

——-Practice makes perfect!

A.result

B.influence

C.duty

D.secret

【答案】D

【解析】句意：——你的口语极好，秘诀是什么？——熟能生巧！本题考查名词词义辨析。result结果；influence影响；duty职责；secret秘诀。回答的是学习方法，故要问口语说得好的秘诀。

知识拓展practice makes perfect是英语谚语，表示“熟能生巧”。考生要多掌握英语谚语，培养语感。如：no pain,no gain不劳则无获

2.The boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his ___________ .

A.attention

B.safety

C.action

D.growth

【解析】句意：这个男孩已经失踪5天了，他的父母很担心他的安全。本题考查名词词义辨析。attention注意力；safety安全；action行动；growth成长。根据句意选B项。

3.Her smile made me feel warm and lively It was like a hidden_________.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0a7523178.html,petition

B.interview

C.treasure

D.tradition

【答案】C

【解析】句意：她的笑容使我感到温暖和活力。它就像是一个隐藏的宝藏。此题考查名词词义辨析。competition竞赛；interview面试，采访；treasure宝藏，珍宝；tradition传统。根据句意和名词含义，选择C。

解题思路考生要根据上句提示进行理解，比较四个选项名词的含义，故而得出答案4.——What was the_______of the football match last night?

——-AC Milan won the game

A.value

B.result

C.choice

D.decision

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——昨天晚上的足球赛的结果是什么？——AC米兰赢得了这次比赛。本题考查名词辨析。value价值；result结果；choice选择；decision决定。

解题关键根据题干中“won the game”可知问话人想知道比赛的结果

5.My teacher has given me useful suggestions and I want to thank him from the ______my heart.

A.bottom

B.condition

C.way

D.surface

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我的老师给了我有用的建议，我想衷心地感谢他。from the bottom of one's heart 衷心地，符合语境，故选A项。condition条件；way途径；surface表面。

6.If the temperature is below 0℃water will turn into_____in the open air.

A.ice

B.steam

C.fog

D.rain

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果温度低于零摄氏度，在户外水会变成冰。本题考查名词辨析和生活常识。根据生活常识可知，设空处意思为“冰”用ice,故选A项。steam水蒸气；fog雾；rain雨，均与题意不符。

7.Don't stand too close to North Americans . You'd better give them more personal_________.

A.time

B.system

C.space

D.pity

【解析】句意：别站得离北美人太近。你最好给他们更多的个人空间。本题考查名词词义辨析。A项意为“时间”，B项意为“系统”，C项意为“空间”，D项意为“遗憾”。根据句意应选C项。

8.Did the policeman give much____on how to protect personal information?

A.note

B.tip

C.advice

D.book

【答案】C

【解析】句意：那个警察给出了许多关于怎样保护个人信息的建议吗？本题考查名词词义辨析。note为可数名词，意为“笔记，便条”；tip为可数名词，意为“小费，窍门”；advice 为不可数名词，意为“建议”；book为可数名词，意为“书”。由本空前的much可知本空应填不可数名词，故本题选择C。

9.You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your_____.

A.shyness

B.politeness

C.quietness

【答案】B

【解析】句意：当你和某人交谈的时候，你应该看着他的眼睛。这体现出你的礼貌。本题考查名词词义的辨析。根据常识可知，在与人交谈时，看着对方的眼睛是有礼貌的行为。shyness害羞，羞涩；quietness安静。

知识拓展-ness是名词性后缀，没有实际含义，一般在形容词后加-ness构成抽象名词，比如happy快乐的——happiness快乐；dark黑暗的——darkness黑暗。

10.The New Silk Road will offer a good for more nations to communicate.

A.chance

B.habit

C.question

D.price

【答案】A

【解析】句意：新丝绸之路将给更多的国家提供一个交流的好机会。本题考查名词词义辨析。chance机会；habit习惯；question问题；price价格。我们知道我国倡导的丝绸之路是给各国提供友好交注的大平台。故选A项

11.Your_______is very helpful.I guess I'll take it.

A.secret

B.advice

C.promise

D.purpose

【答案】B

【解析】句意：你的建议非常有用。我想我会采纳它。本题考查名词辨析。秘密；advice 建议；promise承诺；purpose目的。根据句意可知答案

12.—Who is the person you admire the most?

——Qian Xuesen, the Father of China's Missiles. He is the of China Missiles . He is the ______of China.

A.leader

B.pride

C.voice

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——推是你最钦佩的人？——钱学森，中国导弹之父。他是中国的骄傲。本题考查名词词义辨析。leader领导；pride骄傲voice声音。根据句意，应选B

13.-Is this photo taken in Tibet?

-Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountains in the_________ of the photo.

A.form

B.background

C.shape

D.introduction

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——这张照片是在西藏拍的吗？——是的，你可以在照片的背景中看到美丽的雪山。本题考查名词词义辨析。form形式；background背景；shape形状；introduction 介绍。根据句意可知选择B项。

14.-How can I get some_______about the2016 Olympic Games?

-Why not search the Internet?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0a7523178.html,rmation

B.experience

C.practice

D.success

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——我怎样能得到一些有关2016年奥运会的信息？——你为什么不上网查一下呢？本题考查名词辨析information信息；experience经验；practice练习；success成功。根居句意可知答案为A项。

解题关键本题答题的切入点是“search the Internet”，即上同搜索，也就是搜索有关2016年奥运会的信息，不能搜索“经验、练习、成功”，故用排除法和常识可知应选A项

15.There are lots of___________ that students have to follow in school.

A.exercises

B.problems

C.skills

D.rules

【答案】D

【解析】句意：学校里有很多学生必须遵守的规则。本题考查名词义辨析。exercise练习；problem问题；skill技巧；rule规则。根据司意和关键词follow,选择D项。

考点二名词的数和所有格

1.The three____upstairs are too small to have enough

A.room;room

B.room;rooms

C.rooms;room

D.rooms;rooms

【答案】C

【解析】句意：楼上的三个房间都太小了，没有足够的空间放一张双人床。本题考查名词。room意为“房间”时作可数名词，意为“空间”时作不可数名词，根据句意可知答案为C。

知识拓展在英语中，部分名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但两者在意义上是不同的。如：experience作可数名词时意为“经历”，作不可知名词时，意为“经验”；glass作可数名词时意为玻璃杯，不可数名词时，意为玻璃

2.Hurry up!Some____and____are on sale in the supermarket.

A.tomato;egg

B.tomatoes;egg

C.tomatoes;eggs

D.tomato;eggs

【答案】C

【解析】句意：快点儿！一些西红柿和鸡蛋正在超市打折销售。本题考查名词复数。tomato 和egg为可数名词且由Some修饰，应用复数形式，故选C

3.-How time flies!It is two______since we met last.

-So it is . I miss you so much .

A.months

B.monthes

C.months'

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——时间过得真快！自从我们最后一次见面经有两个月了。——的确如此。我十分想念你。本题考查名词的用法。two为基数词，后加可数名词复数，month变复数直接加-s,故本题选择A。

4.There are a lot of _______on the grassland.____sheep-dog is sitting next to them.

A.sheep;The

B.sheep;A

C.sheeps;The

D.sheeps;A

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在草地上有大量的羊。一只牧羊犬正坐在它们身旁。本题考查中心的身数形式与完语的用法。sheep的单复数相同C易错警示sheep绵羊，为单复数同形的名词，类似的还有deer,Chinese中国人，fish鱼等，需要引起注意。

5.Many______are playing an active part in making Kunming a civilized city(文明城市）.

A.man

B.woman

C.volunteer

D.volunteers

【答案】D

【解析】很多志愿者在使昆明成为一个文明城市上发挥着积极作用。本题考查可数名词复

数的用法。根据题干中的Many可知格处应填名词的复数。故正确答案是D。

6.It's sports time.Most______students in Class 1 are playing football in the playground.

A . boy

B . boys

C . boy's

D . boys'

【答案】A

【解析】句意：到了运动时间了。一班的多数男生正在操场上踢足球。本题考查名词作定语的用法。此处名词作定语修饰其他名词时一般用单数形式。

7.——It's easy to travel from Urumqi to Lanzhou by taking high-speed railway.

——-Yes . It's only _________ .

A.eight hours ride

B.eight hour's ride

C.eight-hours ride

D.eight hours' ride

【答案】D

【解析】句意：坐高铁从乌鲁木齐到兰州旅行是容易的。---是的。仅仅8个小时的旅程。本题考查名词所有格。eight hours' ride=an eight-hour ride(解题思路）解答本题要清楚“8个小时的旅程”的两种表达，即eight hours' ride=an eight-hour ride 然后再用排除法，A项中hours 没有用所有格，排除，B项hour应该先变复数后用所有格，也排除，C项hour不能用复数，D项符合要求。

8.Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous_______ in American________.

A.symbol;culture

B.symbol;cultures

C.symbols;culture

D.symbols;cultures

【答案】C

【解析】句意：米老鼠是美国文化中最著名的象征之一。本题考查名词。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最…之一";in American culture在美国文化中。故选择C项。知识拓展symbol“象征”，虽然是一个抽象名词，但其实是可数的，culture“文化”，是不可数的。本题选取这两个词来考查名词复数有一定的难度。

二、写出下列名词的复数形式

1. Japanese__________

2. Foot___________

3. month __________

4. hero____________

5.bus_____________

6.leaf_____________

7.radio_____________

8.baby_____________

9. sheep ____________10. boy ____________11. Canadian __________12. tomato_________ 【答案】1 . Japanese 2 . feet 3.months 4 . heroes 5 . buses 6 . leaves 7 . radios

8 . babies 9 . sheep 10.boys 11. Canadians 12. tomatoes

三、根据汉语提示万念成句子（每空一词）

1.You were working too hard. You should keep a____________(平衡）between work and

relaxation.

2.Beth has a lovely singing_____________（声音）.Listen! She is singing in the next room!

3.We aim to offer good to value and service to all our _________(顾客）.

4.I want to become a writer to write for international___________（杂志）

5. There is a ___________（书店）near our school. We often buy books there .

6. I'm going to the ____________（超市）。Let me get you some fruit.

7.I'm sorry to give you so much____________（麻烦）

8. My father has just got his driving___________(执照）

9. There is something exciting in ____________(今天的）newspaper.

10.I can give you________ _________ __________ __________（三条建议）

【答案】 1.balance 2. V oice 3 . customers 4.magazines 5.bookstore/bookshop 6.supermarket 7.trouble 8.licence/permit 9 . today's 10.three pieces of advice

四、用下列所给词的适当形式填空

1. It's hot. Let's have some _________

2. So far, spaceships without people have reached the moon and some other parts of the__________.

3 . Have you read the _________?

5. When I hurriedly got to the station, the lady told me that there were no _______left on the train.

6 . Could you lend me your _______ ? I want to take some photos .

7 . There are a lot of _________ in our school . They work very hard.

8. I'm tired after the long walk. I want to have a(n)__________.

9 . In order to stay fit , people pay more attention to their ____________ .

10. Something is wrong with my__________. I can't see anything around me.

【答案】1 . ice cream 2. Universe 3. newspaper(s) 4.dogs 5.seats 6.camera 7.men teachers 8.rest 9.diet(s) 10.eyes

五、用所给词的适当形式填空

1._________(child)Day is just around the corner.

2. Computers can work out difficult______(problem) more quickly than humans.

3.All the_________(hero)are great people. We should remember them forever.

4.We will go to my________(uncle) for dinner this Saturday.

5. All the women__________(teacher) enjoy themselves on March 8th , because it is their own holiday.

7. There are many ______(rose) in the garden.

3.How many____(potato)are there in the basket?

9 . My daughter only had three _________ ( slice ) of bread for supper .

10 . Jack finally finished the race because of his __________ ( mother ) encouragement .

【答案】1. Children's 2.problems 3.heroes 4. uncle's 5.teachers

6.shelves

7.roses

8.potatoes

9.slices 10.mother's

六、将下列汉语译成英语

1.玛丽的姑妈_____________________

2.今天的报纸______________________

3.中国的天气_____________________

4.世界人口________________________

5.儿童玩具_______________________

6.一片面包________________________

7.四个德国人_____________________ 8.三杯橙汁________________________

9.你的那辆汽车___________________

10.一张建筑物的图画__________________________

【答案】

1. Mary's aunt

2.today's newspaper

3. China's weather/the weather of China

4. the world's population/the population of the world

5.children's toys

6.a slice/piece of bread

7.four Germans 8.three glasses/cups of orange juice

9.that/the car of yours 10.a picture of a building

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一、选择题 1．The poor woman lives _________.But she never feels ________. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; lonely C．alone; alone D．lonely; alone 2．My sister is too young to_______herself_______. A．look at;good B．look like;well C．look after;good D．look after;well 3．—You’re going to Hong Kong. What are you doing_______? —I’m going sightseeing. It will be ________time in Hong Kong. A．to there; the first B．there; my first C．in there; my first D．there; my the first 4．Jack sings _________ and he is a _________ singer(歌手). A．nice; good B．well; good C．good; well 5．—How often does he watch TV? —He watches TV. A．hard ever B．ever C．never 6．—Susan, someone is waiting for you on the phone. It_______ be your sister, but I’m not sure.— Oh, please tell her to call me_______ be cause I’m busy now. A．might; later B．must; later C．might; late D．must; late 7．Li Hua studies very_______ and her English is_______ in her class. A．hardly; good B．hardly; well C．hard; best D．hard; the best 8．My brother plays soccer . A．good B．well C．great 9．My mother usually at 5:30 in the afternoon. A．get home B．get to home C．gets to home D．gets home 10．—I can’t find my dog. —________ you can ask the policeman for help. A．Why not B．May be C．Shall D．Perhaps 11．We’ll meet kinds of difficulti es in our lives in the future.We should learn to be ________any challenge! A．confident enough to take on B．active enough to take up C．enough careful to take up D．enough patient to take on 12．—Do you often go shopping with your mom, Mike? —You know, most boys ________ go shopping, but I do. A．sometimes B．usually C．hardly 13．Suzy felt _________ when she studied __________ in London. A．alone; lonely B．alone; alone C．lonely; lonely D．lonely; alone 14．—Kitty is very good at musical instruments.

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(完整word版)初中英语语法讲解大全,推荐文档

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German --- Germans child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep 还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有：a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如： Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。） His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时，意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如， Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays. 初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格 名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况

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