eSankey用户手册翻译
e!Sankey
v4.1
User Manual
ifu Hamburg GmbH
Max-Brauer-Allee 50
22765 Hamburg / Germany
DocVersion: 3.12
Date:August 2016
Publisher:ifu Hamburg GmbH
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html,
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html,
e!Sankey? is a registered trademark of ifu Hamburg GmbH
Microsoft and MS are registered trademarks. Windows and Excel are trademarks of Microsoft Corp.
Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Information in this user manual is subject to change without notice. No liability for the correctness of the information in this manual. All figures are for illustration purposes only and contain fictitious data.
Reproduction or translation of this manual is permitted and encouraged, as long as the original author and the document version number and date are cited, and the copyright notice is maintained.
ifu Hamburg GmbH e!Sankey 4 User Manual Page 3 Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................. 4 2 Installation ................................................................................... 6 License Activation .......................................................................... 7 3 General Functions of e!Sankey ...................................................... 11 Screen Layout and Windows Handling ............................................ 11 Undo/Redo .................................................................................. 13 Search ....................................................................................... 13 Option Settings ........................................................................... 14 4 Getting Started............................................................................ 16 Creating a Diagram File ................................................................ 16 Three Basic Steps: Drawing Processes and Arrows, Entering Flows .... 16 5 Arrows ....................................................................................... 20 Arrow Properties .......................................................................... 20 Arrow Labels ............................................................................... 22 Flow Labels ................................................................................. 24 Arrow Routing and Waypoints ....................................................... 30 6 Processes ................................................................................... 35 Options for Processes ................................................................... 35 Using Images and Icons for Processes ............................................ 37 Hidden Processes ......................................................................... 38 Changing Process Size and Shape .................................................. 39 Aligning Processes ....................................................................... 39 7 Additional Diagram Elements ......................................................... 41 Graphical Shapes ......................................................................... 41 Text Element ............................................................................... 41 Legend ....................................................................................... 42 Scale .......................................................................................... 42 Background Image ....................................................................... 43 Useful Hints for Drawing Sankey Diagrams ..................................... 45 8 Entries ....................................................................................... 46 9 Unit Types .................................................................................. 50 10 Templates ................................................................................... 56 11 Live Link to Excel ......................................................................... 57 12 Exporting and Printing .................................................................. 61 13 Further Hints ............................................................................... 62 Index . (64)
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1 Introduction
e!Sankey is a software tool that helps you draw so-called Sankey diagrams.
Figure 1: A simple Sankey diagram Sankey diagrams are directed graphs, where the magnitude of the arrow line represents the quantity of flow. Today, Sankey diagrams are used for a variety of flow visualizations. These are not limited to energy or material, but indeed to any (real or virtual) matter that flows "from" a source "to" a destination. "Sankey diagrams are a specific type of flow diagram, in which the width of the arrows is shown proportionally to the flow quantity. They are typically used to visualize energy or material transfers between processes." (Wikipedia) Sankey diagram visualizations draw the viewers attention to the largest flows, while at the same time showing the proportions of the flows among each other and indicating a "from-to" flow direction. In that sense they convey efficiency of transformation processes and also allow to assess the balance of input/output streams. Sankey diagrams are named after Captain Matthew Henry Phineas Riall Sankey, an Irish engineer (1853-1925). The software e!Sankey is a member of the Umberto software 1 family. While e!Sankey simply allows drawing Sankey diagrams, the Umberto software tools are fully-fledged modelling tools where material, energy and cost flows are determined based on process specifications. The Sankey diagrams in Umberto are one of the display options to visualize the calculated flows and environmental impacts. We hope you enjoy working with e!Sankey!
1
http://www.umberto.de
ifu Hamburg GmbH e!Sankey 4 User Manual Page 5 Further Reading on Sankey Diagrams Schmidt, Mario (2006) Der Einsatz von Sankey-Diagrammen im Stoffstrom-management. Beitr?ge der Hochschule Pforzheim Nr. 124 (in German) Schmidt, Mario (2008) The Sankey Diagram in Energy and Material Flow Management. Part I: History. Journal of Industrial Ecology 12 (1), 82–94 Schmidt, Mario (2008) The Sankey Diagram in Energy and Material Flow Management. Part II: Methodology and Current Applications. Journal of Industrial Ecology 12 (2), 173–185 Links https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html,/wiki/Sankey_diagram https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html, https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html,
A hint or additional advice.
Cross-reference to a related topic within the user manual
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User Manual 2 Installation Administrator rights are required to install e!Sankey on your computer. Contact your administrator, if you only have limited rights on your machine. System Requirements To install and run e!Sankey the following requirements have to be met: ? Operating system Windows 7, Windows 8, or Windows 10 ? Microsoft .NET Framework 4.62 ? Memory 1 GB RAM or higher ? Available hard disk space: at least 100 MB ? Monitor with at least 1280 x 1024 px resolution (recommended) A monitor with a screen resolution of at least 1280 x 1024 pixels or higher is recommended, to be able to handle several windows of the application being visible side-by-side. The software can be run in a multi-screen modus. Running the Installer File Run the installer file by clicking on the downloaded executable (the file is named 'esankey.exe' or 'esankey4.exe'). You need administrator rights on your local machine for the installation. The installation will by default be performed in the language of the Windows operating system. If you prefer the installation process to be in another language, please use command line and call the setup file using the parameter –lang
example files (file extension '.sankey') and clipart files. Trial Version When starting up e!Sankey a licensing dialog box will be prompted. If you have already purchased a license, you can enter the key to register your version. 2 The Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6 must be installed on your computer. If it is not installed, it will be downloaded and installed, before the installation of e!Sankey proceeds.
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User Manual Page 7 If you don't enter license key, you can run e!Sankey as a trial version for 14 days from the date of installation. The trial version almost has the same functionality as the full version, but the following limitations: ? watermark over the Sankey diagram in the editor ? no export in EMF format The trial version prompts for a registration key on start-up. Just leave the license key field empty and hit 'OK'. To get a licensed version of e!Sankey, you can purchase a license key from our online shop at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html, . Users of the trial version can purchase license keys using the online shop at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html,/en/purchase/ or by contacting an e!Sankey sales representative at ifu Hamburg (sales@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html,). License Activation
This section refers to the activation of single-user or multi-seat license packages. Floating licenses have to be activated differently. We are providing a separate documentation to administrators, helping them to configure and activate the floating licenses server.
When launching an unregistered copy of e!Sankey, a licensing dialog will be displayed. This dialog can also be launched via the 'Help' menu using the entry 'Enter/Edit License...'.
Figure 2: License management dialog with license details In the 'Edit License' dialog choose the option 'License Key' when you have a local license key. Then click on the corresponding 'Edit…' button right of the entry field. The license details can be viewed in the table at the bottom.
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Figure 3: Entering and activating the license key Enter the license key you have received when purchasing the software and authenticate the license key online by clicking on 'Activate'. An internet connection is required and the process should take only a few seconds. There are three options to activate your license: ? Online : This is the fastest way to activate a license and should be used if you are connected to the Internet and if the security setting of your network connection allows communication with a server over the Internet. License data will be transferred encrypted to our license management server. The server will send the activated license back to your computer within seconds. ? Via Web Page : This is a three step process. It can be used if e!Sankey is behind a firewall that prohibits the online activation as described above. You will have to create a license info file ('eSankeyLicenseInfo.lic') using the button "1. Save License Info". This file has to be uploaded to our authentication web page using the link offered. In return you will be provided a processed license info file that you can download to your computer. Finally this 'AuthenticatedLicense.lic' file has to be imported using the button "3. Import License Info". ? By E-mail : This is also a three step process, similar to the above: You will create a license info file ('eSankeyLicenseInfo.lic') that you can send to us by e-mail. You will receive an authentication license info file from us in return by e-mail too. This .lic file then has to be imported. Allow up to 2 work days for processing. Should you have upgraded from e!Sankey standard to e!Sankey pro, or from a temporary license to an indefinite license, or have extended the number of users (multi-seat license) you will be asked upon completion of the extended license to just update your license. In this case your existing license will be updated on our activation server and all you need to do is click on 'Update' in the 'Enter/Edit License' dialog. License Transfer/Deactivation: In case you have obtained a new computer, or you decide to continue to use e!Sankey on a different computer from the computer where you originally installed it, the license needs to be transferred. To transfer (move) a license of the software to another computer, proceed as follows:
ifu Hamburg GmbH e!Sankey 4 User Manual Page 9 ? In the existing e!Sankey installation, run e!Sankey a last time: From the 'Help' menu choose 'Enter/Edit License...' to open the licensing dialog. ? Click on 'Deactivate' in this dialog. The license will be removed. ? On the new computer: Use the installation file and install the latest version of the software (see above). Enter the license key in the license dialog. Click on 'Activate' or use one of the two other options to activate the license
If a deactivation of the license is not possible any more (e.g. because your computer has been stolen, the hard disk has crashed, etc.), please contact support@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html, to deactivate the license. Should you have lost your license key information please also contact support@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html, to retrieve it. Updates When new versions of e!Sankey are released, a notification on the start page will indicate the availability of an update. Click on the link shown to access a web page where you can download the new version. You can also use the command 'Check for Updates…' from the Help menu, to find out whether an update is available. Please note that both, the automatic update notifier, as well as the check for updates feature might not work, if you don't have access to the Internet, or if security settings of your firewall prohibit communication with the update server. In this case, please check the community board for announcements regularly, and contact ifu Hamburg GmbH for a new version to be sent. The update notification service can be deactivated in the Options dialog accessible via the Tools menu. Support The help system (Menu Help > Index, or press F1 on the keyboard) is always the first option when you have a question on the software. It describes the functions available, but also contains hints on the use of e!Sankey, and on modelling the product life cycle. For technical support issues the e!Sankey help desk can be reached by e-mail at support@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html, In your support request please indicate the exact version number (see About dialog) of e!Sankey you are using, and the operating system of your computer. Please try to be as specific as possible when explaining the technical problem that occurred. In some cases our help desk will ask you to submit log files from your computer, which can help us identify the issue. The log files can be found at the following default location (localized operating systems might have different folder names): C:\Users\[USER]\AppData\Roaming\Ifu Hamburg GmbH, Germany\e!Sankey\4\log
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The log file is called "general.txt" and should be submitted with your
technical support inquiry to our help desk. It can be viewed with a simple text editor. A community bulletin board is available at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html, . It contains useful tips and tricks, and also has a FAQ (frequently asked questions) section. You can browse the posts of other users of e!Sankey and discuss with them. Uninstalling To uninstall e!Sankey from your computer, run the de-installation from the command in the Start menu group. Alternatively, you may want to remove the software via the Control Panel > Add/Remove Programs. A deinstallation of the product is proposed when running the installation of a newer version of the software. Please uninstall prior to installing a new version.
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Screen Layout and Windows Handling
The main working area of the e!Sankey application has several panels and areas. In the default layout, they look more or less like this:
Figure 4: e!Sankey default screen layout, window panes are numbered The main window panes are: ? Editor (Drawing Area): this is where the Sankey diagrams are drawn, several diagrams can be opened at once (1) ? Properties: allows to edit the properties of the network element marked in the drawing area (2) ? Entries: list of material, energy, or the like that are used as flows in the arrows of the Sankey diagram (3) ? Controller: allows to scale the flows in the diagram separately for each unit type, edit unit types (4) ? Overview : shows a miniature view of the Sankey diagram (Note: this window may be hidden by default) (5) The latter four window panes can be hidden and shown using the 'Show' buttons in the toolbar at the top. Window panes can be adapted and arranged, so that the user can customize the screen layout to his/her individual requirements and working style.
Moving Windows: You can move a window pane wherever you want it by clicking the blue title bar and dragging the window where you want it.
Floating Windows : If you drop the window pane at a random location in
the program window, it becomes a 'floating' window.
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Docking Windows : Docking a window means to attach it to the edge of
the program window. This allows you to reposition the various tool windows such as the 'Entries', the 'Properties' or the 'Controller' to dock against different application edges. To do this, move the floating window pane by clicking in the title bar of the window pane, drag it to the edge where you want to dock it, and drop it onto one of the blue arrows that appears near the edges of the program window. To be able to dock a window, make sure the dockable Windows command is activated in the 'View' menu.
Figure 5: Docking icons (center, dock left, dock top, dock right, dock bottom)
Hide Window Panes : To hide window panes completely, unmark the respective entry in the View menu. To make a hidden pane visible again, set the tick mark in front of the menu entry.
Auto Hiding Windows / Tabbed Window s: In the top-right corner of every window pane, you will see a small button that looks like a pin. If you click this button, the window pane is hidden (or "pinned" to the edge of the program window). However, you can still see the title of the window pane along the edge of the program window. When hovering the mouse over the title, the window pane temporarily displays again until you move the mouse off the window pane. Click the button again to "un-pin" the window pane. Presentation Mode : If you wish to show the Sankey diagram in full screen without any elements of the application (no windows, no toolbars), switch to the presentation mode by clicking on the button "Presentation Mode" in the toolbar above the editor. The diagram will be zoomed to the largest possible size and is not editable. This is ideal for presentations.
To end the presentation mode use the 'ESC' key, or click on the button in the dropdown toolbar that appears, when you hover the mouse in the middle of the top edge of the screen (12'o clock position on the monitor). Design Mode : Similar to the above presentation mode, switch to the so-called design mode by clicking on the button "Design Mode" in the toolbar above the editor. This will only show the editor area in a maximum size, and all other windows hidden. The menu bar, the toolbar and the context menu remain accessible. This is useful to continue editing the Sankey diagram, but not have other widows reducing the available editor size.
To end the design mode click again on the 'Design Mode' button in the toolbar.
Reset Panes : To reset the window panes to the default setting (Properties and Overview docked on the left, Entries docked at the bottom, and Controller docked at the right) just select the Reset command from the View
menu.
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User Interface Language : The user interface language of e!Sankey can be switched to English, German, French, Spanish and Portuguese. Access the 'Options' dialog via the 'Edit' menu. On the 'General' tab choose the new language. A restart of the application is required for the change to take effect.
Undo/Redo
e!Sankey has an Undo and Redo functionality for almost all actions performed by the user in the course of a work session with the software. Undo: To undo (revert) an action that has been done in the software, click on the button 'Undo' in the main toolbar or use the menu entry 'Undo' in the Edit menu. The hint of the button and the menu entry show the last action performed that will be undone. Alternatively use the keyboard shortcut CTRL-Z. Several multiple actions can be reverted (undone) by repeating this action. Redo: To redo (revert undo) an action that has been undone, click on the button 'Redo' or use the menu entry 'Redo' in the 'Edit' menu. The bubble hint of the button and the menu entry show the last action performed that has been undone and that will be reverted. Alternatively use the keyboard shortcut 'CTRL-Y'.
Search
In larger Sankey diagrams it can be helpful to browse for a specific process (node) or arrow. Use the button "Search" in the editor toolbar to open a search field in the top right corner of the editor area. Alternatively the search field can be called using the "Search" command from the 'Edit' menu or with the keyboard shortcut 'CTRL+F'.
Figure 6: The search feature in the top right corner of the Sankey diagram editor area
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In the search field type a text string, then hit the 'RETURN' key to start the search. The hit list will show arrows that contain a flow entry with the text string, as well as process names, where the text string is part of the process label. Also, you will find text elements that match the search criteria. Skip through the drop down list that contains the matching elements and select one entry (arrow, process, text element), to bring this element into focus and select it in the editor. You can use the "Search Next" command from the 'Edit' menu or the keyboard shortcut 'F3' to jump to the next diagram element from the search results. Option Settings
There are a number of option settings for working on Sankey diagrams in the editor. Open the options dialog for the diagram from the 'Edit' menu. There are two pages: "General" and "Diagram".
Figure 7: Options dialog, 'General' page General Options: On the "General" options page a number of settings can be made that determine the behavior of the application. ? Updates: Determine whether e!Sankey is allowed to search for updates and to update the news on the start page. For further information on updates, see above in chapter 2. ? Templates: Set the directory path where template files (.santem) are located ("Template Directory"). You can define the path to your preferred Sankey diagram template in the "Default Template" field.
ifu Hamburg GmbH e!Sankey 4 User Manual Page 15 ? User Interface: Choose the language of the graphical user interface from the dropdown list. A restart of the application is required for the change of GUI language to take effect. ? Extended: The option "Show Key Field" is used when referencing elements of the diagram and automatically updating a Sankey diagram with data from an external source. The users of the e!Sankey SDK (software development kit) will find a description of the use of the key field in the SDK documentation.
Figure 8: Options dialog, 'Diagram' page Diagram: On the "Diagram" options page settings for the diagram editor and the layout of the diagram can be made. ? Behavior: Some options for the behavior of e!Sankey ? Arrow: You can change the default segment lengths of the first/last arrow segment (from the process symbol to the yellow arrow point) and the default curviness (softness of a rounded arrow bend) of arrows. When checking "Highlight Invisible Source and Destination Processes for Selected Arrows" it is easier to see processes that are hidden when selecting the arrows attached to them. See below in chapter 6 in the section on "Hidden Processes". ? Label: When setting the option "Show Label Connection Line", a line will be shown from the flow content label to the arrow. The color of the line can be defined using the color dialog. See below in chapter 5 in the section on Flow Content Labels. ? Grid: The default grid size is "8". Set the grid size in the entry field. The option "Show lines at Major Steps" will display additional helper lines in the grid to facilitate alignment of elements. The default value is "6", i.e. a horizontal and vertical line is shown every 6 x 8 = 48 pixels.
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4 Getting Started
Creating a Diagram File To create a new diagram file, click on the button "New Document" in the toolbar. Alternatively select "New" from the 'File' menu and choose one of the predefined templates. Or, click on one of the templates listed in the 'Templates' section on the start page. Templates have entries, units, preferences settings and color pallets predefined. You will learn more about templates later. To save a diagram file, click on the 'Save Document' button in the toolbar, or choose 'Save As…' from the file menu. You will be asked to enter a name. e!Sankey diagram files have the file suffix ".sankey".
Three Basic Steps: Drawing Processes and Arrows, Entering Flows
In this section you will learn how to draw Sankey diagrams in e!Sankey. Sankey diagrams consist of processes (also referred to as "nodes") and arrow lines between the processes. Flows are entered in the flows with their quantities and represented with the arrow width proportional to the magnitude of the flow. Even if the process boxes are not visible (hidden) in the diagram, they must first be drawn, in order to be able to connect an arrow to them. 1 - Draw Process: To draw a process, click on the button 'Process' in the toolbar, then click in the drawing area where you wish to place the process (node).
Figure 9: Selecting the Process button and positioning a process symbol in the editor You can continue to insert processes when in the insert mode until you choose another command (or hit 'ESC', or click the right mouse button to end the insert mode).
ifu Hamburg GmbH e!Sankey 4 User Manual Page 17 After setting two or more processes, you can connect these process nodes with arrows, as follows:
2 - Draw Arrow: Move the cursor to the centre of the process symbol (start node). The process will become filled gray and the cursor symbol turns into a hand. Click with the left mouse button, keep it pressed, then drag to the other process (destination node). When over the centre of the process symbol, this square will be filled gray too. The mouse button can be released now. The arrow will snap to the process. It will also connect to the process, if you only drag it very close to the destination process - almost like a magnet.
Figure 10: Two processes are linked with an arrow. In the insert arrow mode a process will be shown filled when the mouse cursor is neared. Press the mouse-button…
Figure 11: …keep it pressed and drag towards the destination process…
译文Tesseral 2-D 用户手册
在PC机上地震和声波场建模程序
Tesseral 2-D 全波建模程序用户手册 目录 1. 概述 (4) 1.1 建模器 (4) 1.2 计算引擎 (4) 1.3 浏览器 (5) 1.7 数据输入/输出 (5) 2. 启动 (5) 3. 用建模器创建模型 (6) 3.1 第一次启动 (6) 3.2 建模器面版 (6) 3.3 建模器菜单和工具条 (7) 3.4 剖面页 (7) 3.6 观测系统页 (12) 3.7 多边形 (15) 3.8 静态物理参数 (18) 3.9 通用菜单条目 (18) 3.10 选项对话框 (19) 3.11 炮点和接收点对象 (21) 3.12 画模型 (22) 3.13 梯度/复合参数分布 (23) 3.14 模型修改 (24) 3.15 修改多边形 (25) 3.16 观看模型 (26) 3.17 图片放大 (28) 3.18 等轴和调整比例尺 (30) 3.19 拖动图片 (30) 3.20 保存模型数据 (30) 3.21 模型硬拷贝 (33) 3.22 彩色色标 (34) 3.23 颜色选项 (34) 3.24 坐标标记 (35) 3.25 “微调位置” 对话框选项 (37)
3.26 震源模式 (37) 3.27 在建模器中运行计算引擎 (39) 3.28 应用主窗口的管理 (40) 3.29 改变主窗口的大小 (41) 3.30 图片重叠 (42) 3.31 下一版本的窗格特征 (43) 4. 全波场模型计算 (45) 4.1 计算对话框 (45) 4.2 报告窗口. (46) 4.3 波场成分 (47) 5. 数据管理约定 (48) 6. 用浏览器分析成果 (50) 6.1 浏览器面板 (50) 6.2 别的标准格式文件 (50) 6.3 浏览器窗口菜单和工具条 (50) 6.4 “File” 下拉菜单列表 (51) 6.5 “View” 下拉菜单列表: (52) 6.6 图片视觉选项 (53) 6.7 浏览快照 (57) 6.8 在浏览器中对图片处理 (57) 6.9 硬拷贝 (57) 6.10 浏览器“Run” 菜单条目 (57) 6.11 [++下一版] 累加 (57) 6.12 网格转换 (58) 7. 问题解答 (59) 8. 附录A 转换模型到网格格式 (61) 9. 附录B 多分区网格 (61) 10. 附录C 测井曲线文件(.las)输入 (62) 11. 附录D 网格模型计算 (64) 12. 附录E 模型文本文件的输入/输出 (65)
管理信息系统中英文翻译资料
Managemengt Information Systems By a management information system,we propose the follow alternate definition: an integrated uer/machine system (usually computerized) for providing information to support decision making in an enterprise. The key elements of this definition are —An integrated uer/machine system —For proving information —To support decision making —In an enterprise A management information system utilizes —Computer hardware and software —Manual procedures —Models for analysis —A database Just as there is a logical flow of materials in the creation of a product, there is logical flow of information in a management information system.In manufacturing,raw materials move through a process that transforms the raw materials into usable products. In a similar fashion, in an information system,data are supplied to a system(input), the data are manipulated(processed),and they are transformed into information(output).In its simplest form ,a management information systemed may be depicted by an input-process-output(IPO) model
管理信息系统MIS(Management Information System)
MIS(Management Information System) the term in the interest of the administration. In the wake of the development of MIS, much business sit up the decentralized message concentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chief of information system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant manager’s grade. After the authority of business is centralized up high-quality administration personnel staff’s hand, as if causing much sections office work decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer management shall vanish. In reality, the reappearance phase employed layer management among the information system queen not merely not to decrease, on the contrary there being the increase a bit. This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate out through loaded down with trivial details daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researching work in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importance level. In the wake of the development of MIS, the business continuously adds to the demand of high technique a talented person, but the scarce thing of capability shall be washed out gradually. This compels people by means of study and cultivating, and continuously lifts individual’s quality. In The wake of the news dispatch and electric network and file transmission system development, business staff member is on duty in many being living incomparably either the home. Having caused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficiency obviously moves upward American Rank Zeros corporation the office system on the net, in the interest of the creativity of raise office personnel staff was produced the advantageous term. At the moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more well-developed manufacturing industry strategy, and become quickly manufacturing the business. It completely on the basis of the user requirement organization design together with manufacture, may carry on the large-scale cooperation in the interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flow was shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programming to the machinery with to the resources and the reorganization of personnel staff , constituted a fresh affrication system, and causes that manufacturing cost together with lot nearly have nothing to do with. Quickly manufacturing the business establishes a whole completely new strategy dependence relation against consumer, and is able to arouse the structure of production once more revolution. The management information system is towards the self-adoption and Self-learning orientation development, the decision procedure of imitation man who is be able to be better. Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is encircles the magic drug to govern the business all kinds of diseases; Yet also someone says, and what it is too many is dependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each other to comprehend the effect to the business of MIS, and is favor of us to be living in development and the research work, and causes the business organization and administer the better development against MIS of system and administration means , and establish more valid MIS. 英文翻译文章的出处：Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal 管理信息系统: 管理信息系统就是我们常说的MIS(Management Information System), 在强调管理，
说明书的翻译技巧与翻译原则.
说明书的翻译技巧与翻译原则 说明书(又称使用手册是“介绍物品性能、规格、使用方法的实用应用性文 体”。按其用途可分为家用电器说明书、药品说明书、化妆品说明书、食品类说明 书、机械装备说明书、仪器器械说明书、书籍说明书等。随着我国经济蓬勃发展以 及对外开放步伐日益加快,国内各品牌产品纷纷抢滩国际市场。这一过程中,说明书的翻译扮演了至关重要角色。遗憾的是,广大翻译研究者对说明书的英译似乎认识 不足,说明书的翻译也存在着诸多问题,译文不够精准,译语不够地道等问题时有发生。有鉴于此,通过汉语说明书英译准则研究,希望对说明书翻译实践有所裨益。 一、说明书的文体特征与翻译目标 从遣词造句方面来看,说明书频繁使用祈使句、无人称句,十分讲究逻辑性。从语气上看,说明书的语气通常较为正式,用语严谨规范、客观公允。从修辞角度来说,说明书文风一般比较质朴,避免铺叙婉曲,特别是很少使用不必要的修辞格。不过说 明书与纯粹的科技类文章还是有一定区别的。例如,说明书“较少使用复合性扩展句, 刘宓庆,1998:443,句子结构也简单得多。更为重要的是,为而代之以宽展的简单句”（ 了达到吸引消费者的目的,某些说明书(如化妆品说明书有时大量使用华丽语言,富于修辞手段和艺术特色。 由于说明书在产品营销过程中主要起到吸引消费者,激发消费者产生购买欲,指导消费者顺利实现消费行为之功用,因此,译者在翻译说明书时主要不是原封不动地 移植原文信息,而是实现纽马克(2002所说的祈使功能(vocative function,即通过译文的激励,使读者(潜在消费者采取消费行动,进而促使厂商获得所追求的利润。鉴于说 明书的语言特点和翻译目标,我们以为好的说明书译文不仅要准确、客观,还必须保证能为译语读者所接受并激发他们的购买行为。这就意味着译者在翻译说明书时至 少要坚持“忠实、准确”与“可读性” 这两项基本原则。 二、“忠实、准确”原则
cvim用户手册(翻译)
cvim用户手册? Yang Cheng? 2010.8.12 cvim是Vim的一个插件，用于支持C/C++的开发。可以方便的支持插入声明（statements），惯用语法（idioms），代码片段（code snippets），模板（templates）和注释（comments）；并且支持语法检查（Syntax checking），编译（compiling）及运行（running）程序，也可以通过按键操作检查和格式化代码。 此插件可同时支持Vim/gVim，但由于gVim中是以菜单（Menus）的形式提供各种功能，故使用起来也很方便，无须多作介绍。下面仅以Vim来做介绍。 1无GUI界面的用法USAGE WITHOUT GUI(Vim) 常见的功能可以通过键盘映射的方式被插入。这些键映射在文档c-hot-keys.pdf1中描述。 如果需要修改映射的头‘\’，可以通过在.vimrc中设置全局变量（global variable）来修改。 let g:C MapLeader=‘,’ 这样就映射的头就是‘,’(comma)了。例如你可以这样用,cl来插入行末的注释。 ?此手册参考VIM的插件cvim的文档写成，该插件是一个C/C++-IDE for Vim/gVim。本文基于版本version5.10。 ?E-mail:ustbyangcheng@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html, 1Hint:该pdf中以‘\’开头和后面字符的组合只有在一个short time内才能被识别。在插入模式下这些映射可以以‘`’(backtick)开头（不过经过试验，貌似也不必如此，直接输入也可以，但速度要快。）。读者可以参考该pdf文档，本文下一页就罗列这些key mapping了。 1
房地产信息管理系统的设计与实现 外文翻译
本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 译文： ASP ASP介绍 你是否对静态HTML网页感到厌倦呢？你是否想要创建动态网页呢？你是否想 要你的网页能够数据库存储呢？如果你回答：“是”，ASP可能会帮你解决。在2002年5月，微软预计世界上的ASP开发者将超过80万。你可能会有一个疑问什么是ASP。不用着急，等你读完这些，你讲会知道ASP是什么，ASP如何工作以及它能为我们做 什么。你准备好了吗？让我们一起去了解ASP。 什么是ASP? ASP为动态服务器网页。微软在1996年12月推出动态服务器网页,版本是3.0。微软公司的正式定义为:“动态服务器网页是一个开放的、编辑自由的应用环境,你可以将HTML、脚本、可重用的元件来创建动态的以及强大的网络基础业务方案。动态服务器网页服务器端脚本,IIS能够以支持Jscript和VBScript。”(2)。换句话说,ASP是微软技术开发的,能使您可以通过脚本如VBScript Jscript的帮助创建动态网站。微软的网站服务器都支持ASP技术并且是免费的。如果你有Window NT4.0服务器安装,你可以下载IIS（互联网信息服务器）3.0或4.0。如果你正在使用的Windows2000,IIS 5.0是它的一个免费的组件。如果你是Windows95/98,你可以下载(个人网络服务器(PWS),这是比IIS小的一个版本，可以从Windows95/98CD中安装，你也可以从微软的网站上免费下载这些产品。 好了，您已经学会了什么是ASP技术，接下来，您将学习ASP文件。它和HTML文 件相同吗？让我们开始研究它吧。 什么是ASP文件？ 一个ASP文件和一个HTML文件非常相似，它包含文本，HTML标签以及脚本，这些都在服务器中，广泛用在ASP网页上的脚本语言有2种，分别是VBScript和Jscript，VBScript与Visual Basic非常相似，而Jscript是微软JavaScript的版本。尽管如此，VBScript是ASP默认的脚本语言。另外，这两种脚本语言，只要你安装了ActiveX脚本引擎，你可以使用任意一个，例如PerlScript。 HTML文件和ASP文件的不同点是ASP文件有“.Asp”扩展名。此外，HTML标签和ASP代码的脚本分隔符也不同。一个脚本分隔符,标志着一个单位的开始和结束。HTML标签以小于号(<)开始(>)结束，而ASP以<%开始，%>结束，两者之间是服务端脚本。
HRPWM用户手册(工具软件翻译)
TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x High Resolution Pulse Width Modulator (HRPWM) 用户手册 HRPWM手册部分翻译（软件翻译），辅助阅读原资料。 前言---5 1 介绍7 2 HPWM的操作描述9 2.1控制HRPWM性能10 2.2配置HRPWM 11 2.3HRPWM原理12 2.4比例因子优化软件（sfo）18 2.5HRPWM示例使用优化的汇编代码23 3. HRPWM寄存器说明29 3.1寄存器概要29 3.2寄存器和字段描述30 附录A SFO Library Software - SFO_TI_Build_V5.lib 33 A.1 SFO库版本比较33 A.2 软件用法36 附录B 修订历史41 前言： 关于本手册 本文档描述了操作的高分辨率扩展脉宽调制器 (HRPWM)。 HRPWM模块的描述是一种参考指南HRPWM 0。看到 TMS320x28xx,28 xxx DSP外围参考指南(SPRU566)列表中的所有设备和一个 HRPWM模块相同的类型,来确定类型,以及之间的差异为一个列表 特定于设备的差异在一个类型。
这个文档是结合使用特定于设备的增强脉宽调制器(ePWM)模块参考指南。 这个HRPWM模块扩展了时间分辨能力的传统派生数字脉冲宽度调制器(PWM)。HRPWM通常用在当PWM分辨率低于~ 9 - 10位。这发生在PWM频率大于~ 200千赫当使用一个CPU /系统时钟的100 MHz。 关键HRPWM的特点是: ?长时间分辨能力 ?用于工作周期和移相控制方法细粒度控制或 ?时间边缘定位使用扩展比较和阶段寄存器使用一个信号 ?实现PWM的道路,也就是说,在EPWMxA输出。EPWMxB产量传统PWM功能 ?自检诊断软件模式来检查微边缘定位器(MEP)逻辑是跑步最佳 介绍 ePWM的外围是用来执行一个函数,它在数学上是等价的,一个数模转换转换器(DAC)。如图1所示,TSYSCLKOUT = 10纳秒(即100 MHz时钟),有效分辨率为常规生成PWM是一个函数的PWM频率(或时间)和系统时钟频率。 设SYSCLKOUT=100MHZ TPWM=100KHZ 100K/100M*100%=0.1% 如果所需的PWM操作频率不提供足够的决议在PWM方式,您可能想要考虑HRPWM。作为一个例子,HRPWM提供改进的性能,表1显示了决议在比特数各种PWM频率。这些值假设一个100 MHz SYSCLK频率和一个MEP步骤大小为180 ps。看到特定于设备的数据表为典型的和最大的性能规范为MEP。
外文翻译-----学生信息管理系统的设计与发展
英文译文 学生信息管理系统的设计与发展 随着信息技术的日新月异,各种管理系统的相继出现,让日常生活变的更加具有条理化, 尽可能的合理的运用网络资源可以大大的减少人工管理上带来的不 便及时间的浪费. 二十一世纪现代化程度的不断加速,科学文化水平的不断提高,学生数量的急剧增长，势必增加了管理学生信息带来的压力，人工检索的低效完全不符合整个社会的需要.学生信息管理系统是信息管理系统中的一种，目前信息技术不断的发展，网络技术已经广泛的应用于我们身边的各行各业，有了网络技术的发展，各高校都利用计算机来管理办学，以前学校靠手工操作的一切繁琐事情都得到了快速且高效率的解决，特别是学生成绩管理系统在学校中起到了很大的作用，对于学生和教师来说都能够更方便、快捷、准确地了解和管理各方面信息。 采用人工管理庞大的数据库是一项繁重枯燥的工作，无论是数据录入，查询还是修改都存在着工作量大，效率低下，周期长的缺点。而计算机管理系统的引进将给人工管理数据库的工作带来一次彻底的变革。学校由于学生众多，学生数据信息库庞大，使信息的管理成为了一个复杂繁琐的工作。本系统针对学校,经过实际的需求分析，采用功能强大的VB6.0作为开发工具来开发学生信息管理系统。整个系统从符合操作简便，界面美观、灵活、实用的要求出发，完成学生信息管理的全过程，包括系统管理、基本信息管理、学习管理、奖惩管理和打印报表等功能。经过使用证明，本文所设计的学生信息管理系统可以满足学校对学生信息管理方面的需要。论文主要介绍了本课题的开发背景，所要完成的功能和开发的过程。重点的说明了系统设计的重点、开发设计思想、难点技术和解决方案。学生管理系统的产生大大减少了人力上的不便，让整个学生数据管理更加科学合理。本系统最有特色的地方就是后台数据库对学生信息的统一管理。该系统主要分为系统管理，学生专业管理，学生档案管理，学费管理，课程管理，成绩管理和打印报表。系统的界面是运用vb软件制作的，以上几个模块都是运用vb 控件绑定的方法来实现对后台数据库的连接，后台数据库大概分为以下几个表：专业信息表，收费类别表，学生职务表，学生信息表，学生政治面貌表，用户登入表。采用Client/Server结构进行设计，本系统是在由一台数据服务器和若干台
产品说明书翻译(共1篇)
篇一：产品说明书的翻译 产品说明书的翻译 说明书主要是用来说明产品的性能、特点、用途、配方及使用方法等，服务对象是普通消费者，所以语言浅显确切，简单明了，讲究科学性和逻辑性。它的作用旨在指导使用，所以翻译时要一丝不苟，不能有少出入。由于商品中种类、性质不同，说明的方法。内容也就不同。所以在翻译时要针对不同的具体要求，努力使译文所选用词准确明了，行文简洁流畅。一般来说，日用品说明书在说明产品性能、特点、用途等方面时，往往追求生动活泼，充满溢美之词，旨在激发人们购买、使用产品的欲望。而药品说明书通常包含成分、主治、用法说明、注意事项、禁忌以及副作用等部分。翻译时要读懂原文中的专用名词，然后才能准确用词，避免出错。机械设备说明书通常包括商品特点、用途、规格、性能、结构、操作程序以及注意事项等，语言简单明了。 【例1】 娃哈哈儿童营养液 娃哈哈儿童营养液是由我厂和浙江医科大学医学营养系共同开发的，含有人体所需的氨基酸、维生素、微量元素等多种营养成分，尤其是对儿童生长发育所缺的钙、铁、锌作了补充，通过国家级新产品鉴定，在国内同类产品中处于领先地位。 配料：蜂蜜、山楂、红枣、枸杞、莲子、米仁、桂圆、核桃等。 成分：每100毫升含量，蛋白质1.5%以上，钙250-300毫克，铁12.5-20毫克，锌12.5-20 毫克。 净含量：每支10毫克，每盒10只，计100毫升。 储藏：本品宜存于阴凉处。保质期一年，保存期一年半。 食用方法：早晚食用，每次1-2支。 批准文号：浙卫食准字（89）第0004-35号 标准代号：q/wjb0201-89 杭州娃哈哈营养食品厂出品，浙江医科大学医学营养系监制。 【译文】 wahaha, a children’s nourishing liquid is co-developed by hangzhou wahaha nutritious food product factory and the dept. of medical nutrition of zhejiang medical university. the liquid contains rich amino acids, vitamins and particularly supplies children with ca and trace elements such as fe and zn essential to healthy growth. it occupies the leading position in the development of nourishing products and has passed the nation-level evaluation of newly-developed products. ingredients: honey, hawthorn, jujube, lycium, chinese lotus seed, barley, longan, walnut, etc. nutrients: per 100ml: protein over 1.5%, ca 250-300 mg, fe 12.5-20 mg, zn 12.5-20 mg. contents: 10 ampoules per case, 10 ml per ample, total 100 ml. storage: to be kept in a cool place. quality guarantee for one year and storage period one and a half year. dosage: 1-2 ampoules a day in the morning and evening. sanction no.: zhejiang food hygiene permit (89)0004-35 standard code: q/wjb 0201-89 manufactured by: hangzhou wahaha nutritious food product factory
灵格斯翻译家使用手册
灵格斯翻译家使用手册 安装灵格斯 1、从灵格斯翻译家网站下载软件的安装程序到本机硬盘. 2、双击安装程序, 进行安装. 3、安装过程中, 如果没有特别的需求, 可以一路按“下一步” 直至安装完成. 注意: ?请从官方网站或官方指定的下载网站获取灵格斯的安装程序, 切勿下载来源不明或所谓的绿色版, 以免造成不必要的损失和使用上的种种故障. ?安装前, 请确认已经关闭了其他程序, 特别是防病毒软件和防火墙软件, 以便正常顺利安装. 设置主程序 灵格斯翻译家的主程序已经安装到操作系统中了, 为了更好地使用灵格斯翻译家带来的便利, 我们需要在使用前对主程序进行设置. 首先, 启动灵格斯翻译家, 点击程序界面左侧选项中的“设置”, 激活设置面板.
屏幕取词 点击“翻译” 选项标签, 对鼠标屏幕取词进行设置. ?鼠标取词: 用鼠标将光标移到词上面时, 再加上组合键就可翻译该词. ?鼠标左键取词: 用鼠标将光标移到词上面时, 按下〔鼠标左键+组合键〕就可翻译该词. ?鼠标右键取词: 用鼠标将光标移到词上面时, 按下〔鼠标右键+组合键〕就可翻译该词. ?鼠标中键取词: 用鼠标将光标移到词上面时, 按下〔鼠标中键+组合键〕就可翻译该词. ?延迟: 做以上动作时延迟几毫秒才做翻译动作. ?支持本地语言映射: 选中后, 在简体中文用户界面下, 会自动转换词典中的繁体中文内容为简体; 在繁体中文用户界面下, 则会自动转换词典中的简体中文内容为繁体. (注: 本功能需要配合支持映射功能的词典使用) 常规 接着, 点击“常规” 标签, 对软件的常规项目进行设置.
?选择用于Web 搜索的搜索引擎: 当我们在右上角搜索框内输入文字, 并按下Enter 键时, 会连到互联网搜索引擎. ?保存的查询历史个数: 查询的词语的历史纪录. ?登录至Windows 时, 运行Lingoes: 打勾此项, 则会在开机时启动此程式. ?启动后最小化: 开启此程式的, 会缩到工具列上. 热键
管理信息系统外文翻译
英文文献翻译
二〇年月日
科技文章摘译 Definition of a Management Information System There is no consensus of the definition of the term "management information system". Some writers prefer alternative terminology such as "information processing system", "information and decision system", "organizational information system", or simply "information system" to refer to the computer-based information processing system which supports the operations, management, and decision-making functions of an organization. This text uses “MIS”because it is descriptive and generally understood; it also frequently uses “information system”instead of “MIS”to refer to an organizational information system. A definition of a management information system, as the term is generally understood, is an integrated, user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management, and decision-making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer hardware and software; manual procedures; models for analysis planning, control and decision making; and a database. The fact that it is an integrated system does not mean that it is a single, monolithic structure; rather, it means that the parts fit into an overall design. The elements of the definition are highlighted below. 1 Computer-based user-machine system Conceptually, management information can exist without computer, but it is the power of the computer which makes MIS feasible. The question is not whether computers should be used in management information system, but the extent to which information use should be computerized. The concept of a user-machine system implies that some tasks are best performed by humans, while others are best done by machine. The user of an MIS is any person responsible for entering input data, instructing the system, or utilizing the information output of the system. For many problems, the user and the computer form a combined system with results obtained through a set of interactions between the computer and the user. User-machine interaction is facilitated by operation in which the user’s
hec-ras中文翻译手册
美国陆军工程兵团 水文工程中心 HEC-RAS 河流分析系统 用户手册 V3.1 2002.11 公开提供。无限制分发。 CPD-68
HEC-RAS 河流分析系统 用户手册 V3.1 2002.11 美国陆军工程兵团 水文工程中心 水资源研究所 609 Second Street Davis, CA 95616 电话：(530)756-1104 传真：(530)756-8250 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html,
河流分析系统，HEC-RAS 软件分发和获得方式 HEC-RAS软件的可执行代码和可执行文件是公开的，软件由美国工程兵团水文工程中心开发。软件由美国联邦政府资助开发，是公开的。软件可以从我们的网站（https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html,）免费下载。水文工程中心（HEC）对软件的非兵团用户不提供技术支持。（在我们的网站上）查看出售方列表，查找提供程序以及文件和付费提供技术支持的组织。但是，我们会对全部程序错误的文本建议做出回复。文件错误是指由于程序错误引起的软件缺陷而不是用户输入数据错误引起的模型问题。 封面草图改编自： 加利福尼亚州 水资源部 政府工作人员手册，洪泛平原管理规划 1986年8月
目录 目录 前页 (ⅸ) 第1章介绍……………………………………………………………1-1 模型系统的基本原理………………………………………………………………1-2 程序功能的概述……………………………………………………………………1-2 用户界面……………………………………………………………………1-2 水力分析模块………………………………………………………………1-3 数据存储和管理……………………………………………………………1-4 图形和报告…………………………………………………………………1-4 HEC-RAS文件………………………………………………………………………1-5 本手册概述…………………………………………………………………………1-5 第2章安装HEC-RAS软件……………………………………………2-1 硬件和软件要求……………………………………………………………………2-2 安装程序……………………………………………………………………………2-2 卸载软件……………………………………………………………………………2-3 第3章 HEC-RAS概述…………………………………………………3-1 启动HEC-RAS………………………………………………………………………3-2 用HEC-RAS建立水力模型的步骤…………………………………………………3-6 启动新工程…………………………………………………………………3-6 输入图形数据………………………………………………………………3-7 输入流量数据和边界条件…………………………………………………3-9 进行水力计算……………………………………………………………3-10 查看和打印结果…………………………………………………………3-12 导入HEC-2数据…………………………………………………………………3-16 首先应该知道的事项……………………………………………………3-16 导入HEC-2数据的步骤……………………………………………………3-19 再现HEC-2结果…………………………………………………………………3-20 获取和使用帮助…………………………………………………………………3-22 第4章应用实例………………………………………………………4-1 启动新建工程………………………………………………………………………4-2 输入图形数据………………………………………………………………………4-3 绘制河流水系图……………………………………………………………4-3 输入断面数据………………………………………………………………4-4 输入节点数据………………………………………………………………4-9 保存图形数据……………………………………………………………4-10 输入恒定流数据…………………………………………………………………4-10 进行水力计算……………………………………………………………………4-13 查看结果…………………………………………………………………………4-14 打印图形和表格…………………………………………………………………4-20 打印图形…………………………………………………………………4-20 复制图形到Windows粘贴板……………………………………………4-20 打印表格…………………………………………………………………4-21 粘贴板保存表格…………………………………………………………4-21 退出程序…………………………………………………………………………4-22 iii
管理信息系统(英文文献)
Decision models for information systems management Kweku-Muata Osei-Bryson&Ojelanki Ngwenyama Published online:1May2008 #Springer Science+Business Media,LLC2008 1Introduction In the last two decades,information systems(IS)manage-ment decision making has become more complex.Every-day,IS managers in organizations of all over the world manage billions dollars of assets and must make complex decisions that involve information security,outsourcing, disaster recovery,software,hardware and vendor selection, investment strategies,timing the implementation of com-plex software systems(such as enterprise resource planning (ERP)).Inadequate understanding of these decision prob-lems,poor decision analysis,and bad judgment can result in catastrophic outcomes for companies.However,there has been limited research on decision models and frame-works that could assist information technology(IT) managers with these complex decision problems.While there are researchers working in these areas,much of their work appears in journals outside the field of IS.The primary objective of this special issue of Information Systems Frontiers is to focus on providing solutions to significant IS management problems and to provide strategic knowledge for practicing managers.A second objective of this special issue to give impetus to the development of a line of research that would continue to focus attention on providing solutions for the many emerging complex problems that IS managers may face. 2Information systems decision context Information systems management decision problems such as information security,outsourcing,disaster recovery, software,hardware and vendor selection,investment strat-egies,timing the implementation of complex software systems(such as ERP)are extremely complex and can adversely impact the performance of the firm.The complexity of these decision problems derive from organi-zation and environmental conditions that include(a) multiple stakeholders with different goals and risk prefer-ences(b)multiple objectives and value trade-offs;(c) competitive environments with risk and uncertainty;and (d)inter dependencies,indefinite time horizons and strategic impacts of decision.Under these conditions decision makers often have difficulties identifying decision alternatives and must be creative and careful in their analysis,as the consequences of poor IS decision making found in the literature show(Lyttinen and Robey1999;Yeo 2002;Ngwenyama et al.2007).When managers face complex IS problems,decision analysis frameworks and methods can be extremely useful when they assist:(1) interrogating the problem domain;(2)structuring decision problems and generating alternatives;(3)analyzing alter-natives and assessing their impacts;(4)determining the preferences of decision makers;(5)evaluating and com-paring decision alternatives,and,analysis of implications. However,while general theories and frameworks exists for decision analysis,the complexity and diversity of IS problems necessitate research and development of frame- Inf Syst Front(2008)10:277–279 DOI10.1007/s10796-008-9082-7 K.-M.Osei-Bryson(*) The Information Systems Research Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,V A23284,USA e-mail:KMOsei@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8c896793.html, O.Ngwenyama Institute for Research on Technology Management, Ryerson University, Toronto,ON,Canada e-mail:Ojelanki@Ryerson.ca
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