助动词与情态动词-讲解及练习题
助动词与情态动词
一、助动词
助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。
1、be (am, is, are, were, been)
（l）“be + -ing”构成进行时态；
（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；
（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：
①表按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year.总理将于明年访问日本。
②用于命令。You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。
2、have (has, had)
(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。如：Have you seen the film
(2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have you been doing these days 这些日子你一直在干什么
3、do (does, did)
(1)“do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket.；
(2)“Do + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Does he go to school by bike every day (3)“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in
我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.
4、will, shall (would, should)
“will (shall+动词原形)”构成一般将来时，一般来说，shall用
于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shll，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.
二、情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数
的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须在其后面接动词原形构成谓语
动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语
用。
将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not既
构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下：
1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本用法
(1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you.
(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，
如：You can (may) go home now.
(4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can
的过去式，如：Could you come again tomorrow
(5)can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但
是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式，如：He
will be able to do the work better.
2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法
（1）表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，
如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不
可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或 may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：---- May I use this dictionary ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…就比用May I…语气更婉转些，如：May I have a look at your new computer 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用must not
代替may not，如：---- May we swim in this lake ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous.
（2）may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如
果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定，如：They may (might) be in the library now .
3、must的基本用法
（1）must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must not，缩写形式
为 mustn't，表示“不应该”，“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire.
（2）对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不必)来回答，而不用mustn't，因为mustn't表
示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意，如：---- Must we finish the work tomorrow ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days.
（3）在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：---- Whose new bike can it be ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one.
4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法
（1）can, could后接完成式的用法：
①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”
的态度，Could he have said so
②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝
告”或“责备”的语气。如：---- When did you answer her letter ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure.
（2）may, might后接完成式的用法
①表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使
用might，语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before.
②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责
备”的语气，如：You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better.
（3）must后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过
去一定做到了，如：Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.
5、have to 的基本用法：
have to和must的意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，
而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give
it up because of illness.
6、ought to的基本用法
（1）表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比should强，例
如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.
（2）表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be home by now .(断定他已到家)，He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定)，This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) ，This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ；
（3）“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。例如：Y ou ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t)这时，ought与should可以互相换用。注意，在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如：Ought you smoke so much You oughtn’t smoke so much.
7、dare的基本用法
（1）dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，如：Dared he bread the traffic regulations again
（2）在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同，如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.
8、need的基本用法
（1）need作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：He needn't worry about us now.
（2）need也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day.
（3）needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，如：---- Did you answer the letter yesterday ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it.
9、shall的基本用法
（1）shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意，如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not.
（2）在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示，如：Shall I open the door
10、should的基本用法
（1）should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，如：You should learn from each other.
（2）should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如：You should have give him more help.
11、will的基本用法
（1）用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.
（2）在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium
（3）will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
12、would的基本用法
（1）would作为will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，如：He promised he would never smoke again.
（2）在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用will的气更加婉转，如：Would you like some more coffee
（3）在日常生活中，学用“I would like to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转，如：I would like to do first.
（4）would可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week.
（5）表料想或猜想，如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there/ I thought he would have told you
about it.
练习题
1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.
A. were
B. should
C. will
D. can
2. I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a business conference.
A. should have sent
B. were going to send
C.
should be sending D. should send
3. Let's take a walk, ________ A. will we B. don't we
C. do we
D. shall we
4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could
B. might
C. should
D. was able to
5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see me.
A. can
B. may
C. might
D. could
6. ---- _________ this book be yours ---- No, it ________ not be mine. It ________ be his.
A. Can, must, may
B. May, might, must
C. Can, may, must
D. Must, can, may
7. "We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. "
"He _________ it. "
A. mustn't attend
B. can't have attended
C. would have not attended
D. needed have attended
8. They _________ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
A. can have missed
B. may have missed
C. can have
lost D. may have lost
9. Since the ground is white, it _________ last night.
A. had snowed
B. must have snowed
C. must be snowing
D. must have been snowing
10. You must be fifty, ________
A. mustn't you
B. needn't you
C. aren't you
D. mnyn't you
11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _________
A. haven't you
B. didn't you
C. mustn't you
D. needn't you
12. ---- That must be a mistake. ---- No .it _________ be.
A. can't
B. isn't able to
C. can
D. was able
to
13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _________ have told it to him.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. needn't
D.
shouldn't
14. How ________ so
A. dare you to say
B. dare you say
C. do you dare
say D. dare to say
15. You are their teacher. You _________ care of them.
A. should to take
B. might to take
C. ought to take
D. need to take
16. She is studying medical science now but she _________ a lawyer.
A. used to be
B. would be
C. were
D. had been
17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _________ English every day.
A. will be used to speak
B. will be used to speaking
C. must be used to speak
D. would be used to speaking
18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (预订) but I
_________.
A. should have B, may have C. must have
D. shall have
19. As a girl, she _________ get up at six every day.
A. would
B. will
C. might
D.
should
20. Don't you remember that we _________ to the cinema tonight
A. would go
B. go
C. are going
D. will be gone
参考答案：
语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词
1~5 ABDDD 6~10 CBBBC 11~15 BACBC 16~20 ADAAC 21~25 ACBBB 26~30 ABBCC 31~35 DDBAB 36~40 ADBAA
英语语法-助动词和情态动词用法及习题
目录 1助动词和情态动词的定义 (2) 2 can，may，must (3) 3 Will you～？和Shall I（we）～？ (10) 4 would和should (14) 5 have to (16) 练习题 (17) 答案 (18)
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助动词和情态动词
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be动词-情态动词及助动词用法
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be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)Microsoft Word 文档
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① may表示请求，might语气更委婉， 例如：May I help you? Might I sit here? ② may表示肯定的推测，语气比can更弱，might对过去的推测 例如：Mary may be doing her homework now. May can be doing her homework now. can表达的推测语气比may更强，更有把握。 3. must和have to ①must表示命令、责任，意为“一定，必须”，must not/ mustn’t表禁止，“一定不要”， 例如：Children must stay away from strangers.孩子一定要远离陌生人。 You mustn’t play fire because it’s dangerous. 千万不要玩火，因为太危险了。 拓展：在表示禁止时，会用“No Doing”来表示，如No Smoking. / No Walking.等。 ② must表示推测，语气比can更强. 例如：Mr. Liu must be on holiday now because he is wearing pants. 刘老师现在肯定在度假因为他正穿着平底裤呢！（上课是要穿正装的） ③ Must作一般疑问句开头提问时：肯定用must回答，否定用needn’t或d on’t have to回答。 例如：Must I finish my homework now? Yes, you must. / No, you ne edn’t. ④ must 和have to 的区别： a) must没有人称、时态的变化，而have to根据人称、时态的变化，有不同的形式。 b) Must表示主观上必须做，而have to 表示客观需要。
情态动词 知识讲解
情态动词 【概念引入】 1）情态动词表示说话人对所做动作的观点或态度。如：需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。 例如：I must go now.我现在必须得走了。 2）情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，但是个别情态动词有时态的变化。 例如：can的过去式是could。 3）情态动词不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形共同做谓语。 例如：I can swim.我会游泳。 4）常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, have to, should, would等。 5）情态动词一般不止一个意思，它的否定式是在情态动词的后面加not，一般疑问句是将情态动词提到句首。 例如：I can’t speak French.我不会说法语。 Can you speak English？你会说英语吗？ 【用法讲解】 1.can的用法。 1）表能力 We can do our homework by ourselves.我们可以自己完成作业。 He can swim well.他游泳很好。 I can play football but I can’t play the piano.我会踢足球但是我不会弹钢琴。 2）表xx You can watch TV after supper.晚饭后你可以看电视。
You can’t play basketball in the street.你不能在街上打篮球。 3）表请求 Can you help me with my math?你能帮我学数学吗？ Could you lend your book to me?你能把你的书借给我吗？ 注意：could 是can的过去式，但是这里并不表示过去时，而是表示委婉语气。 拓展：can 和be able to的区别 （1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。在一般过去时中都表示能够时，两者可以互换。 例如：Mary can play the piano.（一般现在时） xx会弹钢琴。 She could / was able to play the piano when she was five.（一般过去时）她五岁时就会弹琴。 She has been able to play it since she was five.（现在完成时） 她自从五岁起就会弹琴了。 （2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was ?were able to则表示“过去设法做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。 例如：He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn’t want to do it that day.他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。 Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。 4）表示“不可能……”
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1.If they _____ to do this work, he might do it some other way. A. were B. should C. will D. can A. should have sent B. were going to send C. should be sending D. should send 3.Let's take a walk, ____? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we 4.He was a good swimmer so he _____ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. A.could B.might C.should D.was able to 5.I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ____ see me.
A.can B.may C.might D.could 6.---- _____ this book be yours? ---- No, it ____ not be mine. It ____ be his. A. Can, must, may B. May, might, must C. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may 7."We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. " "He _____ it. " A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. need have attended A. can have missed B. may have missed C. can have lost D. may have lost 9.Since the ground is white, it _____ last night. A. had snowed B. must have snowed
中考考点情态动词和助动词
Period Ten 情态动词和助动词 重点掌握情态动词can, may, must, need等词在语境中的运用，情态动词在句子中常用来表示“能力，允许，禁止，意愿，可能”等情感或态度。掌握助动词do, will, shall, have, be在句中的作用。 一、情态动词 1. 情态动词的定义 情态动词表示说话人对所述动作或状态的态度或看法。情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和动词一起构成谓语，在各种人称后都用同样的形式。 2. 情态动词的用法 (1)can的用法 ①表示人或物本身所具有的能力，意为“能，能够，会”。eg: Can you skate? 你会滑冰吗？ She can speak a little Chinese. 她能讲一点儿汉语。 ②表示可能性，意为“可能会”，常用于否定句或疑问句。eg: Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？ That can’t be Mary; she’s in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽；她住院了。 (2) could的用法 ①could可以表示过去的能力，若表示现在的能力时，语气比can委婉。eg: She couldn’t swim half a year ago. 她半年前不会游泳。 What a good idea! Maybe I could talk about English names. 你的想法太好！也许我能谈谈英国人的名字问题。 ②表示礼貌，常用在疑问句中，意为“能，可以”，答语一般用can。 —Could I borrow your bicycle? 我可以借一下你的自行车吗？ —Yes, you can./ No, you can’t. 是的，可以。/不，不行。 ③表示猜测、怀疑等态度，一般用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。对现在情况表示猜测时，could 比can更 不确定，其结构为“can/could+动词原形”；对过去表示猜测时，结构为“can/could+ have+过去分词”。eg: You could be right, I suppose.我想可能是你对。 Don’t worry. They could have just forgotten to phone. 别担心。他们很可能只是忘了打电话。 (3) may和might的用法 ①表示允许，用于肯定句。eg: You may come if you wish. 你要来就来吧。 Passenges may cross by the footbridge. 乘客可使用步行桥。 ②表示许可，用于疑问句。might是may 的过去式，比may语气委婉。eg: May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ Might I make a suggestion ? 我可以提个建议吗？ ③表示客观不可能性。eg: Take an umbrella with you. It may rain. 带上雨伞，可能会下雨。 (4) must的用法 ①must表示“必须”时多用于肯定句或疑问句，其否定回答用needn’t；，用于否定句时，表示“不应该，不 许可，不准，禁止”。eg: I must go to the bank to get some money. 我得到银行去取些钱。 Cars mustn’t park in front of the entrance. 入口处不得停放汽车。 ②它在肯定句中，还可表示“推测”，意为“一定”。“must be”表示对现在某事的推测；“must have done” 表示对过去的推测；反意疑问时，要根据must后的be或have来做。eg:
情态动词的用法完整详细
情态动词 定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。 情态动词后面加动词原形。 分类： 情态动词有四类： ①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare ③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would) ④具有情态动词特征：have(had) to,used to 位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词 则在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 我能帮你吗？ How dare you treat us like that！ 你怎能那样对待我们！ 特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想： What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经） 除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：