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腐败葡萄中酵母菌的分离及鉴定

DOI :10.13746/j.njkj.2014446基金项目:四川省青年基金(编号:2012JQ0019)。

收稿日期:2014-10-27作者简介:王洁(1991-),女,贵州贵阳人,在读硕士,四川大学,研究方向:食品科学。

通讯作者:钟凯(1983-),男,讲师,博士,研究方向:食品生物化学,发酵工程,E -mail :kaizhong211@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ae14764252.html, 。

优先数字出版时间:2015-03-04;地址:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ae14764252.html,/kcms/detail/52.1051.TS.20150304.1051.002.html 。腐败葡萄中酵母菌的分离及鉴定

王洁1,胡然2,姜虹伶1,钟凯1,高鸿1

(1.四川大学轻纺与食品学院,四川成都610065;2.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094)

摘要:采用传统的微生物分离手段,从腐败的葡萄中分离纯化得到了4株酵母菌。采用形态学观察、生理生化

试验、26S rDNA D1/D2区序列分析、系统进化树的构建及生长曲线的测定,对该4株酵母菌进行菌种鉴定和生长特

性研究。26S rDNA D1/D2序列分析结果表明,该4株酵母菌均为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae ),但其碱基序

列存在一定的差异。形态观察发现菌株G19和G42较为相似,但生长曲线结果表明G19较G42菌株生长缓慢。

G25菌株的形态与其余3株有所不同,其菌落呈微黄色,子囊孢子含量较多。G34的菌落表面和边缘粗糙且无光

泽,生理生化特征表明,G34是4株菌株中唯一不能利用蔗糖作为碳源的菌株,且经26S rDNA D1/D2区序列分析发

现与其他3种菌株不在同一分支上。

关键词:腐败葡萄;酵母菌;26S rDNA D1/D2;分离鉴定

中图分类号:TS261.1;Q93-3文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-9286(2015)05-0029-05

Isolation and Identification of Four Yeast Strains from Rotten Grapes

WANG Jie 1,HU Ran 2,JIANG Hongling 1,ZHONG Kai 1and GAO Hong 1

(1.College of Light Industry,Textile and Food Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065;2.College of

Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094,China )

Abstract :In this study,four yeast strains were isolated and purified from rotten grapes by traditional yeast isolation methods.The four strains were then identified by morphological observation,physiological and biochemical experiment,26S rDNA D1/D2sequence analysis and their growth characteristics were determined by Neighbor-Joining tree construction and growth curve measurement.The results of 26S rDNA D1/D2sequence analysis indicated that the four strains were all Saccharomyces cerevisiae,but there were certain differences in their base sequence.Morphological observation suggested that strain G19was relatively similar to strain G42,however,the growth curve results indicated G19grew more slowly than G42.The colony of strain G25was quite different from others,it was faint yellow and contained more ascospore in the cell.The colony surface and edges of strain G34were rough and lackluster,and the physiological and biochemical test results indicated that strain G34was the only one incapable of using sucrose as carbon source among all four strains,and 26S rDNA D1/D2area sequence analysis found that it was not on the same branch with other three strains.

Key word s:rotten grape ;yeast ;26S rDNA D1/D2;isolation and identification

我国葡萄种植分布广泛,由于不同产区生态条件差

异较大,葡萄品种较多,其所含酵母菌种类也有较大差

异。目前,在葡萄浆果、葡萄汁和葡萄酒中分布的酵母菌

约有20个属的百余种[1]。葡萄酒是用新鲜的葡萄或葡萄

汁经发酵形成的酒精饮料,其发酵过程是一个复杂的微

生物代谢作用过程,其中酵母菌是最主要的微生物菌群,

我国分布最广泛的葡萄酒酵母菌种为有孢汉逊酵母

(Hanseniaspora uvarum )和酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces

cerevisiae ),其次为星形假丝酵母(Candida stellata )、假

丝酵母(Candida zemplinina )、伊萨酵母(Issatchenkia ter-

ricola )、发酵毕赤酵母(Pichia fermentans )、克鲁维毕赤酵母(Pichia kluyveri )和季氏毕赤酵母(Pichia guilliermon-dii ),其余酵母菌种只是零星分布[2]。葡萄中酵母菌群的种类对葡萄酒的香气、口感、色泽的形成至关重要,但并非所有酵母菌都能够起到有益的作用。耐受酒精和低pH 值环境的酵母在酒精饮料中能够选择性的生长并引起腐败[3]。啤酒酿造过程中,啤酒发生的腐败也可能是由于发酵啤酒的酿酒酵母的持续作用[4]。因此,鉴定腐败葡萄中酵母菌的种类,有助于有效抑制葡萄中败坏性酵母的负面影响。

酿酒科技2015年第5期(总第251期)·LIQUOR -MAKING SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY 2015No .5(Tol .251)

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