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2006年2015年专八听力mini-lecture真题及标准答案doc

2015英语专业八级听力第一部分MINI-LECTURE

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

Understanding Academic Lectures

Listening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students.

Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?

I.Understand all (1) ______________

A.words

B.(2) ______________

-stress

-intonation

-(3) ______________

II. Adding information

A.lecturers: sharing information with audience

B.listeners: (4) ______________

C.sources of information

-knowledge of (5) ______________

-(6) ______________ of the world

D. listening involving three steps:

-hearing

-(7) ______________

-adding

III. (8) ______________

A.reasons:

-overcome noise

-save time

B. (9) ______________

-content

-organization

IV. Evaluating while listening

A.helps to decide the (10) ______________ of notes

B.helps to remember information

答案：1. parts of meanings 2. sound/vocal features 3. rhythm 4. absorbing 5. subject 6. experience 7. reinterpreting 8. prediction 9. what to listen 10. Importance

2015

2014

ANSWER SHEET 1 (TEM8)

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

How to Reduce Stress

Life is full of things that cause us stress. Though we may not like stress, we have to live with it.

I. Definition of stress A. (1) reaction (1) physical i.e. force exerted between two touching bodies B. human reaction

i.e. response to (2) on someone (2) a demand e.g. increase in breathing, heart rate, (3) (3) blood pressure or muscle tension

II. (4) (4) Category of stress A. positive stress

—where it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5) (5) a job B. negative stress

—where it occurs: test-taking situations, friend’s death III. Ways to cope with stress A. recognition of stress signals

—monitor for (6) of stress (6) signals —find ways to protect oneself B. attention to body demand

—effect of (7) (7) exercise and nutrition C. planning and acting appropriately —reason for planning —(8) of planning (8) result D. learning to (9) (9) accept —e.g. delay caused by traffic E. pacing activities

—manageable task —(10) (10) reasonable speed

2013

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

What Do Active Learners Do?

There are difference between active learning and passive learning.

Characteristics of active learners:

I. reading with purposes

A. before reading: setting goals

B. while reading: (1) ________

II. (2) ______ and critical in thinking

i.e. information processing, e.g.

-- connections between the known and the new information

-- identification of (3) ______ concepts

-- judgment on the value of (4) _____.

III. active in listening

A. ways of note-taking: (5) _______.

B. before note-taking: listening and thinking

IV. being able to get assistance

A. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) ______.

B. Reason 2: being able to predict study difficulties

V. being able to question information

A. question what they read or hear

B. evaluate and (7) ______.

VI. Last characteristic

A. attitude toward responsibility

-- active learners: accept

-- passive learners: (8) _______

B. attitude toward (9) ______

-- active learners: evaluate and change behaviour

-- passive learners: no change in approach

Relationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) ______.

Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.

参考答案：

1. checking their understanding

2. reflective on information

3. incomprehensible

4. what you read

5. organized

6. monitoring their understanding

7. differentiate

8. blame

9. performance

10. active learning

Section A Mini-lecture

或者

1、checking understanding。

2、reflective

3、puzzling/confusing

4、what is read

5、comprehensive and organized

6、constant understanding monitoring//monitoring their understanding

7、differ

8、blame others

9、poor performance

10、school work//studies

2012

Observation

People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.

Differences

---- daily life observation

--casual

--(1) ________

--dependence on memory

---- research observation

-- (2) _________

-- careful record keeping

B. Ways to select samples in research

---- time sampling

-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour

-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______

Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.

---- (4) _______

-- definition: selection of different locations

-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances

-- (6) ______: more objective observations

C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______

---- observation with intervention

-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant

-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions

---- observation without intervention

-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______

-- (10) ______ : no intervention

-- researcher: a passive recorder

1: rarely formal records 2: systematic objective manner 3: variable

4: situation sampling 5: vary 6: advantage 7: as it occurs 8: have more control 9: in natural setting 10: method Interview

2011

Classifications of Cultures

According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.

I. High-context culture A. feature

- context: more important than the message

- meaning: (1)__________

i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itself

B. examples

- personal space

- preference for (3)__________

- less respect for privacy / personal space

- attention to (4)___________

- concept of time

- belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time

- no concern for punctuality

- no control over time

II. Low-context culture

A. feature

- message: separate from context

- meaning: (6)___________

B. examples

- personal space

- desire / respect for individuality / privacy

- less attention to body language

- more concern for (7)___________

- attitude toward time

- concept of time: (8)____________

- dislike of (9)_____________

- time seen as commodity

III. Conclusion

Awareness of different cultural assumptions

- relevance in work and life

e.g. business, negotiation, etc.

- (10)_____________ in successful communication

1. apart from the message

2.what is happening

3.closeness

4.body language

5.multiple

6.in itself

7.the message itself

8.punctuality means everything

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1014031721.html,teness 10.accounts

1. and significance

2. the context 或what is doing

3. closeness to people

4. body language

5. polychronic

6. in itself

7. personal space 8. monochrome 9. lateness

10. multicultural situation

2010

Paralinguistic Features of Language

In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.

First category: vocal paralinguistic features

(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________

Examples

1. whispering: need for secrecy

2. breathiness: deep emotion

3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________

4. nasality: anxiety

5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy

Second category: physical paralinguistic features

facial expressions

(3)_______ (3)__________

----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome

less common expressions

----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest

----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________

gesture

gestures are related to culture.

British culture

----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________

----- scratching head: puzzlement

other cultures

----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________

----- pointing at nose: secret

proximity, posture and echoing

proximity: physical distance between speakers

----- closeness: intimacy or threat

----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________

Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________

posture

----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________

----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude

echoing

----- definition: imitation of similar posture

----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________

----- conscious imitation: mockery

1 tones of voice

2 huskiness

3 universal signal;

4 thought or uncertainty

5 indifference

6 honesty

7 distance;

8 situation;

9 mood; 10 unconsciously same posture

2009

Writing Experimental Reports

I. Content of an experimental report, e.g.

--- study subject/ area

--- study purpose

--- ____1____

II. Presentation of an experimental report

--- providing details

--- regarding readers as _____2_____

III. Structure of an experimental report

--- feature: highly structured and ____3____

--- sections and their content:

INTRODUCTION ____4____; why you did it

METHOD how you did it

RESULT what you found out

____5____ what you think it shows

IV. Sense of readership

--- ____6____: reader is the marker

--- ____7____: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study

--- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:

introduction to relevant area

necessary background information

development of clear arguments

definition of technical terms

precise description of data ____8____

V. Demands and expectations in report writing

--- early stage:

understanding of study subject/area and its implications

basic grasp of the report's format

--- later stage:

____9____ on research significance

--- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:

Inadequate material

____10____ of research justification for the study

MINI-LECTURE

1. Study result/ findings

2. Audience

3. Disciplined

4. what you did

5. DISCUSSION

6. a common mistake

7. in reality

8. obtained / that you obtained

9. attention / foucs / emphasis 10.暂无

10.

2008

The Popularity of English

I. Present status of English

A. English as a native/first language

B. English as a lingua franca: a language for communication among people

whose (1)______ are different (1)_______

C. Number of people speaking English as a first or a second language:

—320-380 million native speakers

—250- (2) _____ million speakers of English as a second language (2)_______

II. Reasons for the popular use of English

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