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原文
Port Logistics in West and Central Africa:
A Strategic Development under Globalization
Regine；Nana；Aziz；Rick
ABSTRACT
The main idea of this study is to provide help to West and Central Africa port logistics authorities in making, evaluating and realizing their decisions on port development/management, all in an effort to guaranty port efficiency and operational brilliance to profit the different ports, their hinterlands and their related clients. Consequently, an examination is made as far as port sector is concerned, with an ever more demanding enhancement in operational efficiency. Moreover, a past research on West and Central Africa Ports, as well as an overview on port logistics was made, making it possible to determine what has been done (prospects) and what is still to be done (ineffectiveness), in prospective of a more reformed and efficient port. One of the principles of this paper is also to confer all the aspects that operate as obstacles to the WCA port’s improvement and development; using thus the evaluation model called EWCA (Evaluation of West and Central Africa Ports), which gives a descriptive analysis of the present situation of the latter’s port logistics, including the aid of multiple regression model to determine an impact of explanatory variables on the study probability. Applying the method of strategic development, this paper thus deals with exploring typical problems and quandaries of West and Central Africa ports. The findings suggested how to fight back or overcome the constrictions and strangulations; enabling West and Central Africa port logistics attain their desired strategic development aims, despite the ineffectiveness. Tremendous efforts were made, giving a vital shoot on African economy and development; even though there is
still a lot to do, for the data and variables showed how the port logistics augment and descend frequently without a long period of stability.
Keywords: Port Logistics; West & Central Africa; Multiple Regression Analysis; Strategy Development
1 Introduction
In general, African shipping has been largely deregulated. Therefore, many African countries are trapped in a vicious circle of high tariffs discouraging traffic and further increasing costs. Poor inland links (the lack of an integrated land distribution system, particularly for transit, impedes container traffic) and a wasteful and costly port administration/management accentuate this problematic situation. Several ports suffer from low capacity, particularly in terminal storage, maintenance and dredging capability. Moreover, many ports are poorly equipped and inefficiently operated. Container handling rates fall well below international norms. Port charges for both containers and general cargo are substantially higher than in other regions. Security standards are still extremely variable. Therefore, it is wise to build a coordinated network among WCA ports in particular, to serve as a vivid platform for cooperation, information sharing and exchange of practices/knowledge, with the same aim of improving/boosting and developing/managing their port logistics sectors.
The Problematic Statement (Problems and Requirements)
A tactical development is therefore needed which could likely have an impact on West and Central Africa’s economy as well as its foreign traders (Allies and Clients). This as a whole could boost the entire Afric an nation’s economy and eradicate poverty and unemployment raging most countries . Moreover, most West and Central African countries have been experiencing ramshackle in commodity stocks of some of their key export commodities (cocoa, coffee, rubber, oil etc.) from the entire region (UNCTAD 2010). Furthermore , the problem of long dwelling time (engendering cargo for the port on specified time) is another gigantic constraint, hindering the West and Central Africa ports’ development and has negative adverse effect on the Supply chain and logistic service in general . For these motives, this paper would like to find
out the following three issues related to West and Central Africa ports’ development as far as port logistics and transportation in general is concerned.
1) What is the impact of West and Central Africa port modernization under globalization to the development of their economy?
2) Which port logistics disproportional factors are the most influential on West and Central Africa ports?
3) Which among them are the most significant or critical and what is the effect of tackling these problems of the critical factors of port logistics?
4) Does the elimination of these critical factors improve port logistics under the influence of globalization?
2. Literature Review: A Synopsis of the Past Research in West and Central Africa (Strategic Development)
The ports in West and Central Africa long-term strategic development can be defined as those ports that can “open the new world, open the gate to the future” with unparalleled locations as the gateway to the entire Africa boost (port website), these ports do not only serve landlocked countries around their neighborhood, but also the coastal countries of other parts of Africa (north, East, south) and the Global economy in general.
The mission (which is the strength) of the ports of West and Central Africa can be determined as: We assist carriers to deliver their cargo to the place of destination. This elaborates the four operational functions associated with the port, which are: ship operation, transfer operation, storage operation and gate operation.
To maintain the continuous growth and development, maximum short-term and long-term decision-making are required for the survival of the business.
Once a strategy is set-up and adopted, still, an effective and efficient management is still required for its implementation because, a more generally accepted strategy does not necessary mean a successful one. To know if such a strategy is indeed the correct and best strategy, the following characteristics can be observed.
1) It’s been base on precise, accurate and reliable data with clear real-time benefits.
2) The strategy should guarantee little/negligible uncertainty.
3) It’s available and suitable for application under dif ferent conditions, and unforeseen circumstances should have a rescue and a backup measure.
4) There should be a Possibility of implementing the strategy within the resources available to the organization.
5) Profitability is guaranteed (through good hinterland connection for the ports).
6) Competitiveness: looking into the companies weaknesses and making them the company’s strength (in other words, building on the company’s strength); as well as converting threats into opportunities .
7) Forecasting the future and being dynamic enough to adapt to the change in management (Peter Drucker).
3. Methodology: The Evaluation of West and Central Africa Ports (EWCA)
There are a number of types of evaluation, varying in form, the data they yield, and the situation to which they can be effectively applied. The various approaches in common use can be categorized as either empirical or statistical. The latter involves collecting and analyzing numerical data from which predictions are drawn and usually involve measuring a representative sample of the entire target group. Whereas, an empirical approach requires the collection of data derived from experience, observations and experiments. Well in this case, we will be enacting an evaluation model on West and Central Africa ports. As said before, West and Central Africa port are drenched in undisputable port logistics ineffectiveness and inequities, despite the several attempts to boost their ports abilities. To effectuate this analysis, multiple regression model is stipulated to excel the evaluation of WCA port logistics. This paper’s questions form the basis for the selection of tools for data analysis.
1) Which port logistic disproportional factors are the most influential on West and Central Africa ports?
2) Which among them is most significant or critical?
3) What is the effect of tackling these problems of the critical factors of port logistics?
4) Does the elimination of these critical factors improve port logistics under the influence of globalization?
3.1. An Introduction of Multiple Regression Evaluation Model
To answer the general questions of WCA port logistics, we are required firstly to apply the multiple regression model. The multiple regression techniques helped in performing correlation analysis of the relationship between the WCA port logistic determinants and the WCA port logistic values. In other words, the different technique looked at the WCA port logistic causative factors at a disaggregate level. Multiple Regression technique believes that there are critical causative factors that determine WCA port logistics under the influence of globalization.
译文
非洲中西部的港口物流：一个全球化背景下的战略性发展
雷吉娜；娜娜；阿齐兹；里克
摘要
本研究的主旨是为非洲西部和中部的港口物流部门提供帮助，帮助他们制定、评估和实现他们关于港口物流发展和管理的决定。所有的努力都是为了保证港口的效率，保证不同的港口都能够获得赢利。因此，我们对港口行业做了一项检查，以提高操作效率。此外，之前的专家学者们也对西部和中部非洲港口以及港口物流的发展概述作了一些相关的研究，从而使我们能够确定哪方面的研究已经是完成的(前景)，以及以后仍然还需要做哪些研究(比如：港口物流的效率)，未来的改革和高效的港口的打造。这篇文章的原则之一就是改善和发展非洲西部和中部的港口物流运营的所有方面；因此使用的评价模型称为EWCA(评估非洲西部和中部港口)，并且对港口物流的现状给出了一个描述性的分析，包括借助多元回归模型来确定一个解释变量的影响。本文运用战略发展的方法来进行研究，用来处理非洲西部和中部的典型问题和港口发展中的困惑。研究成果可以用来阐述如何反击或克服物流发展受到的束缚和约束，使非洲西方和中部的港口物流达到他们的期望的战略发展目标。做出了巨大的努力,努力提升非洲的经济发展，尽管仍有很多事情要做，数据和变量表明港口物流发展的增加和下降经常没有一个长期的稳定性。
关键字：港口物流；非洲西部和中部；多元回归分析；战略发展（完整译文请到百度文库）
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? E. 迈尔, 生物学思想发展的历史, 四川教育人民出版社, 1990（网上下载） ?威尔逊, 新的综合：社会生物学（李昆峰编译）, 四川人民出版社, 1985（网上下载） 战略总论 ?项保华, 战略管理——艺术与实务（第3版）, 华夏出版社, 2003 ?明茨伯格等, 战略历程：纵览战略管理学派, 机械工业出版社, 2002 ?拜瑞·J·内勒巴夫；亚当·M·布兰登勃格, 合作竞争（Co-Opetition）, 安徽人民出版社, 2000 ?迈克尔·波特, 竞争战略（原著1980年出版）, 华夏出版社, 2003 ?迈克尔·波特, 竞争优势（原著1985年出版）, 华夏出版社, 2003 ?迈克尔·波特, 国家竞争优势（原著1990年出版）, 华夏出版社, 2002 ?迈克尔·波特等, 未来的战略, 四川人民出版社, 2000 ?格里·约翰逊；凯万·斯科尔斯, 公司战略教程, 华夏出版社, 1998 ?小乔治·斯托尔克等, 企业成长战略, 中国人民大学出版社、哈佛商学院出版社, 1999 专题探讨 ?保罗·索尔曼、托马斯·弗利德曼, 企业竞争战略, 中国友谊出版公司, 1985 ?罗伯特·艾克斯罗德, 对策中的制胜之道：合作的进化, 上海人民出版社, 1996 ?约瑟夫·巴达拉克, 界定时刻——两难境地的选择, 经济日报出版社、哈佛商学院出版社, 1998 ?芝加哥大学商学院、欧洲管理学院、密歇根大学商学院、牛津大学赛德商学院, 把握战略：MBA战略精要, 北京大学出版社, 2003 ?哈默尔、普拉哈拉德, 竞争大未来, 昆仑出版社, 1998 ?尼尔·瑞克曼, 合作竞争大未来, 经济管理出版社, 1998 ?卡尔·W.斯特恩、小乔治·斯托克, 公司战略透视, 上海远东出版社, 1999 ?乔尔·布利克、戴维·厄恩斯特, 协作型竞争, 中国大百科全书出版社, 1998
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文献出处：Fransoo J C. Green Logistics: Enablers for Sustainable Development [J]. Supply chain management: an international journal, 2014, 8(2): 122-131. 原文 GREEN LOGISTICS: ENABLERS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Jan C. Fransoo Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands 1 INTRODUCTION Logistics is the backbone of industry and commerce. As a discipline, it describes the management and coordination of activities along supply chains. These activities include freight transport, storage, inventory management, materials handling and related information processing. A large part of logistics activities are often outsourced to specialized providers that provide cost- effective services. Research has shown that, at least in high income economies, the value of services is not assessed in monetary and service quality terms alone. In making decisions, logistics professionals are increasingly taking into consideration external effects such as emissions, pollution, noise, and accidents. The last LPI report release in 2012, for instance, pointed out that in shipments to OECD countries, environmentally friendly solutions are considered far more often than elsewhere. Mounting regulatory pressure, together with changes in customer preferences, are the main drivers of this phenomenon. One of the more widely used terms to describe this set of preferences is green Logistics, especially when the activities of logistics service providers are concerned. Research, including a recent book by Alan McKinnon, has established that green Logistics is an emerging concern of private operators and providers and users of logistics. From a policy standpoint, and especially for the global environment, green Logistics is potentially a major topic as well: estimates vary, but about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) can be traced to logistics activities. Green Logistics may not be an independent policy area. Rather, the supply chain
物流英文文献翻译英语论文
物流英文文献翻译英语论文 物流英文文献翻译及物流论文参考文献[1] 崔介何.物流学概论[M].北京〆北京大学出版社，2004年〆1-2. [2] 叶怀珍.现代物流学[M].北京〆高等教育出版社，2003〆49-56. [3] 许建帄.对培育广州物流市场的再思考[EB/OL]. [4] 深圳新闻网.“入仓即予退税”新政策助推物流发展[EB/OL]. [5] 吴德群.“入仓退税”适应国际采购商全球配送[N].深圳特区报，2006-01-23. [6] 广东禾田物流有限公司网.广东禾田物流有限公司简介[EB/OL]. [7] 快递公司网.广州物流市场[8] 来源.十一月回顾〆物流篇（三）[EB/OL]. [9] 徐晓阳,饶欠林. 深圳盐田港出口监管仓的现状与发[DB/OL].，2002. [10] 中华人民共和国国务院公报,中华人民共和国海关总署令——中华人民共和国海关对出口监管仓库及所存货物的管理办法[DB/OL]. [11] 公共商务信息导报，海关对出口监管仓库及所存货物的管理办法[DB/OL]. 2005-12-06. [12] Wei Liu,Wenshun Li,Wendy Huang.Analysis of the dynamic relation between logistics development and GDP growth in China[DB/OL]. http:// 毕业论文[13] Deng Mingran,Wang Hua. A government guarantee system of logistics development in China[DB/OL].,2006. [14] Goh,M,Ling,C. Logistics development in China[DB/OL]. ,2003. [15] Chen Siyun, The developing trend and countermeasures of Yantian port logistics[DB/OL]. 研究物流业及中国物流技术摘要为了进一步推进同中国发展物流业,作者基于中国物流业的现状,肯定其在中国工业发展过程中所取得的成就。通过学习物流产业的各方面,包括了解物流产业，标准术语,物流技术和管理知识,剖析主要的问题存在于中国当前的物流业,并提出合理化建议。关键词〆物流，发展，问题，方法1 前言现代物流工业是现代最受欢迎的行业。自从20世纪80年代早期物流概念从海外引入，物流业得到了迅猛的发展。目前,我国已有相当多的物流园区及中心, 发展了一系列现代物流技术和取得了一大批自主知识产权的创新成果。研制开发了具有自主知识产权的集成化物流管理系统（LOG++/SMCS），成功实现了与著名ERP系统（SAP R/3）的实时连接。改变了我国传统物流系统性能单一、集成度低的现状，标志着我国物流软件系统与国际现代物流管理系统的接轨。研究开发了新型结构快速堆垛机。其运行速度0～150m/min，起升速度0～40m/min，货叉速度0～20/40m/min々水帄方向采用激光测距技术，测距误差±1mm（500m以内），定位精度达到±3mm々垂直方向采用旋转编码器加齿形带技术，定位精度达到±3mm。进行了结构研究和动态性能分析，增加了设备的稳定性和可靠性々成功地将激光认址和旋转编码器、齿形带测距等新型检测技术整合到一起，运用于认址，从根本上改变了传统的认址方式，并采用冗余控制技术和故障自诊断技术等大大提高系统的效率与可靠性々新型货叉结构、带尺寸检测与条形码检测的新型载货台等10多项新技术，促进了物流关键设备的技术进步，大大缩短我国物流关键设备与国际先进水帄的差距。在2003年，国内外首创开发了具有国际先进水帄的推挽式激光导引AGV小车（专利产品）々攻克了路径规划、反射板布置、精确定位等难题，使小车能在卷接包机组内安全、灵活地行走和定位，实现完全自动化运送。2003年设计应用具有国际先进水帄的视觉识别移动式机器人自动辅料搭配系统。红河卷烟厂自动化物流系统和联想电脑公司集成化物流系统的成功开发与应用，填补了多项国内空白，创新出一批具有国际先进水帄的系统和设备，大大缩小我国物流系统关键设备及主要技术指标与先进国家的差距，在行业中产生了广泛影响。经过多年研究和探索，太原钢运储存公司通过与科研机构的合作，成功地发展出由电脑计划设计的自动化的仓储打包系统，同样也是处于世界领先水帄。由于受到政府的大力指出与重视，中国的现代物流业正以前所未有的速度发展。但是，还是值得指出的是，中国的物流业整体还是处在初级阶段。中国在2000 年的国内生产总值是8.94×1000亿元，其中流通领域总占比重仅仅百分之8.1 这比发达国家如英美日要低许多。2000年，沃尔玛，世界零售巨头的销售总额达193.3亿美元，占中国年零售业总额的46%。从上面可以看出，沃尔玛的销售额以每年20—30亿美元的速度增长。在国内的零售业领先的上海联合利华仅仅XX 人民
物流+外文翻译
1. The Definition of Logistics After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place. Three major functions of logistics (1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods. (2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics. (3) Distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distribution processing within logistics create added value for goods. 2. Logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these two stage include:
物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告
物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告 题目 __ 研究物流业及中国物流技术_____ 二级学院 专业 班级 学号 学生姓名 电话号码 时间2012-04-5
原文： Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of China Luo Yixin (Department of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Chansha 410205) Received 15 July 2004 Abstract For further pushin g ahead with the development of China’s logistics industry，the author，based on the status quo of China's logistics industry，alfirms the achievements made in the development course of the industry of China．By studying various respects of the industry including the understanding of logistics，standards of technical terms，logistics technologies and management，the author analyzes the major problems existence in China’s current logistics industry and puts forward the rationalization proposal．Key words：logistics；development；problem；measure 1 Preface Modem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades．Since China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s，logistics industry has been developed rapidly．At present，our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers，develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accomplishments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights．Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights (LOG + +／SMCS) in 2003.The real—time connection with famous ERP system (SAPR／3)has been realized，the system radically changes the unicity and low int egrity level of China’s traditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noFIns for modern logistics management system．Another example is the new structural—type quick stacker that has the operation speed of0—150 m／rain．1ifting speed of 0—40 m／min and forking speed of 0 —20／40 m／rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same year．Laser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction．resulting that the distance—measuring error is ±1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is ±3 mm．For the vertical direction．due to the application of rotary encoder plus tooth—be technique，positioning accuracy reaches ± 3 mm．In this way．the system successfully integrates a variety of new—type detecting technologies involving laser location，rotary encoder and toth—belt eranging．integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method ．Besides，the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the system's efficiency and reliability．The adoption of over ten new techs consisting of new—type forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in terms okey equipments．In 2003。a patent product at world—leading place，the push—pull laser guiding AGV cart，ca／Be into market．Ever has never been a similar product both at home and abroad．is AGV cart．having conquered numbers of difficulties as path planning，reflecting board layout and pinpointing position，can travel an d locate its position safely and flexibly in rolling machine units．In other words，it realizes complete automation delivery ．In 2003，domestic enterprises designed and applied automatic supplementary—materials allocation system equipped with vision—identification movable robot．system was ran king at international leading stage．In year 2003,thanks to the successful