虚拟语气导学案

虚拟语气

基础知识：

I. 语气的定义和种类

l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：

(1) 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于、和某些感叹句。

W e are not ready. What are you going to do this weekend? What a fine day it is!

(2) 语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

Open the door, please。

(3) 虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

If I were you, I should study English. May you succeed!

II. 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是。在这种中的谓语用语气。

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是。在这种中的谓语用语气。

If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.

如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)

Ⅲ. 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的三种情况：

1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设

基本结构:

条件句中谓语动词用过去式( be的过去式一般用were ), 主句用would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形.

If everyone in the country first aid, many lives .

如果每个国民都懂得急救, 许多生命就会得以挽救。

If I you, I it like that. 如果我是你的话,我就不会这样做。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设

基本结构：

条件句谓语动词用had + 过去分词., 而主句谓语动词用would/ should/ could/might +have +过去分词.

If the hurricane during the day-time, there more deaths.

如果飓风发生在白天,死亡人数会更多. (事实是: 飓风发生在午夜到早晨6点)

If we that she was to arrive yesterday, we her at the station.

如果我们知道她昨天到,就可以到车站接她了. (事实是:我们不知道她昨天到,所以我们没能到车站去接她) 3. 表示与将来事实相反的情况

基本结构：

⑴条件句谓语动词用过去式( be的过去式一般用were), 主句用should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形；

⑵条件从句的谓语用should +动词原形, 主句用should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形；

⑶条件从句的谓语用were to + 动词原形, 主句用should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形。

If it tomorrow, our plan . 假如明天下雨, 我们的计划就得推迟. (最近天气很好.) If he me, he me. 假如他看见我，就会告诉我.

If he come, what we to him? 假如他来了，我们对他说什么呢?

注意：在书面语和正式场合中，我们通常在If从句中使用were而不是was；但在口语中也经常使用was。

If he was / were here, he would be able to help.

4. 注意：在正式文体中，虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should或had，可将if省略,再把were, should 或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。

如果明天下雨，我们将推迟旅行.

, we would delay our trip.

, we would delay our trip.

如果你参加了聚会，你会见到Jack的.

, you would have met Jack.

, you would have met Jack.

如果我能涨工资，就请你喝威士忌.

, I would treat you to whisky.

, I would treat you to whisky.

注意：若省略的条件句中谓语动词是否定形式，则不能用动词的缩略形式。

要不是因为这笔费用，我现在就出国。

, I would go abroad now.

, I would go abroad now.

中译英：

1. 要是我哥哥在这儿, 一切都没问题了。

2. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3. 如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。

4. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

5．如果我的女儿不忙的话，她就会来帮助你。

Ⅵ. 根据主从句所说明的时间概念，虚拟条件句又可以分为单一虚拟条件句和混合虚拟条件句。

1. 单一虚拟条件句：指主句和从句与同一时间的事实相反的虚拟条件句.

If it should rain tomorrow, the race would be put off.

如果明天下雨，比赛将推迟. ( 主从句与相反)

If you had been more careful, you would have passed.

如果你再仔细些，你就会通过的. ( 主从句与相反)

If it were not for the leaning tower, the city of Pisa wouldn’t be so famous.

如果没有斜塔的话，比萨城也不会这么有名. ( 主从句与相反)

2. 混合虚拟条件句：很多情况下,从句和主句并不与同一时间的事实相反.

If you my advice, your English much better.

如果当时你听了我的话，现在你的英语就会好多了.

( 从句与相反，主句与相反)

If he a kind-hearted man, he such a man as you that day.

如果不是他这人很好心的话，那天他决不会帮助一个像你这样的人的.

( 从句是与相反的假设，主句表示与相反的假设.)

If it for you, I make another trip there tomorrow.

如果不是你的话，我明天还要再走一趟.

( 从句与相反，主句与相反.)

Ex1：Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms.

1. Y ou didn’t let me drive. If we (drive) in turn, you (not get) so tired.

2. it (not be) for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.

3. — Has Mr. Smith recovered now?

— Y es. Who (think) that such a serious illness could be cured?

4. it (rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off.

5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it (organized) better.

6. Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she (get) a job, she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.

7. Much labor would have been saved if electronic computer (invent) before.

8. — W ell done, Jack！

—Thanks. But given more time, I (do) it better.

Ex2：Choose the right answer.

1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.

A. knew, would

B. had known, would have sent

C. know, would send

D. knew, would have sent

2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.

A. were not ill; wouldn't be

B. had been ill; wouldn't have been

C. had been ill; should have been

D. hadn't been ill; could be

3. If you had enough money, what ________?

A. will you buy

B. would you buy

C. would you have bought

D. will you have bought

4. W ere I to do it, I ________ it some other way.

A. will do

B. would do

C. would have done

D. were to do

5. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.

A. could tell; if it had been

B. must have told; were it

C. should have told; had it been

D. should have told; should it be

6. Y ou didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.

A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made

B. If you had taken; would make

C. W ere you lo take; shouldn’t have made

D. Have you taken; won t have made

7. — If he_____ , he ______ that food.

— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take

B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken

D. would have been warned; had not taken

8. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.

A. has come

B. did come

C. came

D. had come

9. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.

A. has she known

B. had she known

C. if she know

D. if she has known

10. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.

A. Had I known, would ring him up

B. Should I know, would have rung him up

C. If I knew; would ring him up

D. Had I known; would have rung him up

11. Everything if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.

A. will be destroyed

B. will have been destroyed

C. would be destroyed

D. would have been destroyed

12. The business is risky. But , we would be rich.

A. should we succeed

B. we should succeed

C. might we succeed

D. would we succeed

13. What would have happened, ________, as far as the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther

B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther

D. if Bob walked farther

14. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend

B. would have lent

C. could lend

D. may have lent

15. ______ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. W as he leaving

B. if he leaves

C. W ere he to leave

D. if he is leaving

16. Supposing this ship ,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?

A. were to sink

B. has sunk

C. was sinking

D. sunk

17. I don’t think he’ll attend the party, and ______ he attend it, what would he wear?

A. were

B. had

C. did

D. should

18. — My boss often made me work day and night. — If I _____ you, I ______ the job.

A. am, will give up

B. had been, would have given up

C. were, would give up

D. had been, would give up

19. — Y ou can ask your brother for help. —He isn’t at home. If he _____, I ______.

A. were, would

B. is, would

C. is, will

D. were, will

20. — Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?

— No, but if I ________ time, I _________ very glad to go there.

A. have, will be

B. had had, would have been

C. had, would be

D. had had, would be

Ex 3：T ranslation

1. 如果你听了医生的话，你早就恢复健康了。

2．如果没有虚拟语气，英语就容易多了。

3．如果她更加努力的话，她就成功了。

4．万一他不来，你就代替他。

5．如果我是你，我就不回这个电话。

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Book 7 Unit 2 Robots 词汇导学案 Step I Prepare Words and Expressions before class【词汇预习】 一．单词翻译 1. n.渴望，欲望vt.想要，渴望 2. n.满意，满足 3. 警报 4. 服从，顺从 5. 离婚 6. 喜爱，偏袒 7. 堆积 8. 宣告，宣布 9. 忌妒10. 全体员工 二．短语翻译： 1．考验_________________ 2 。不管，别惹，让…一个人待着_________ 3.同情某人_________________ 4.转向，回转_________________ 5．打电话给_______________ 6。将…放在一边，为…保留/节省_________ 7．让某人做某事________________ 8.更确切地说_________________ 9. 陪伴某人去某地_________________ 10. 在…方面有天赋 _________________ Step II Detailed Study of Vocabulary（Necessary） 1. Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires? eg.①We all happiness and health. 我们都希望幸福健康。 ②Everyone success, but not everyone desires to get rich. 每个人都渴望成功, 但并非人人都渴望有钱。 ③He to see him at once. = He go to see him at once. 他要求你马上去见他。 2.satisfaction n. ( 【反义词opp. 】dissatisfaction) eg: ①I heard the news . 我听了这个消息非常满意。 ②，he passed exam.使我感到满意的是他通过了考试。 ③ The teacher the work the students did yesterday. 老师对学生们昨天干的工作感到十分满意。 3. test out 试验；(彻底)检验；考验=try out=put sth. to the test【对新试做的物品或新产生的理论进

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㈠课程说明 教学目标： 虚拟语气是高考的重点，且难度较大。本次课程通过对虚拟语气知识点的复习讲解，总结概括，让学生知道虚拟语气是用来表示人的主观的愿望和假想，达到学生对知识点的熟练运用，在脑海中形成具有条理性的知识框架的目的。 教材分析： 虚拟语气是高考英语重点和难点，掌握好虚拟语气的重要性对每个参加高考的学生不言而喻。这次课程是高三第一轮复习时对虚拟语气的再次讲解和梳理，全部的知识都经过了高度的总结合概括，均是高考考点。 学生特征分析： 辅导的学生是高三年级，刻苦努力，理解能力较强，有一定的基础。基本知识掌握一般，且很多重要的知识点已经遗忘。 教学重点难点： 1、真实条件句和非真实条件句的用法。 2、虚拟语气用在主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句中 的用法。 3、情态动词+ have + done的用法。 ㈡课前准备： 教学方法： 一对一辅导，面对面答疑，培养学生对英语的理解表达和思维的

能力，同时安排适当的练习，保证学生能够当堂消化所讲内容。 教学器材： 黑板，粉笔，草稿纸，教案，给学生的资料，如果有条件可以适当运用多媒体。 时间分配： 讲课40分钟，做练习题20分钟。 ㈢课程设计： 一、导入： If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （这两个句子是什么形式？之前学过还有印象吗？通过提问问题激发学生的思考能力，再次对学生的知识掌握能力进行了解。） 二、讲解虚拟语气基本知识 Ⅰ什么是虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 Ⅱ虚拟语气在真实条件句非真实条件句中 真实条件句：表示现实或可能变为现实的条件。 非真实条件句：表示非现实的，或不可能，或不大可能变为现实的条件。 （老师举例说明真实条件句和非真实条件句。）